Final Procedures 1
A well-inspired healthy adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of---posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm
10
Grids are generally not required unless the anatomy measures greater than---cm in thickness
10
Rheumatoid arthritis is three times more common in men than women
False
The Hill-Sachs defect is a fracture of the articular surface of the glenoid cavity
False
The affected arm should not be abducted for an AP scapula projection
False
The base is the most distal part of the patella
False
The correct CR placement for an AP projection of the knee is midpatella
False
The dorsal decub can be done instead of an erect abdomen during an acute abdominal series
False
The patella is draw into the intercondylar sulcus when the knee is overextended
False
The right colic flexure of the large intestine is also referred to as the splenic flexure
False
The superoinferior, sitting tangential (Hobbs modification) projection for patellofemoral joint space requires a CR angle of 5-10deg posterior
False
The use of low kV and hight mAs is the ideal comination of exposure factors to reduce patient dose
False
The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning
False
When viewing a inferosuperior tangential projection of the patella, the intercondylar fossa can be visualized on the most anterior/superior part of the femur
False
What is another common term for the greater omentum?
Fatty apron
It is the most common cause of mechanical based obstruction
Fibrous adhesion
Which metatarsal bone of the foot has a prominent tuberosity most frequently fractured?
Fifth
The foot must be force dorsiflexed so that the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the IR for an AP and mortise projection of the ankle
Flase
Which one of the following clinical indications often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series to be taken?
Foreign body
Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile?
Grashey method
Needs an increase in exposure factors
ascites
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the:
carpometacarpal
A radiograph of an AP mortise projection of the ankle reveals that the lateral malleolus is slightly superimposed over the talus and the lateral joint space is not open. What is most likely cause for this radiographic outcome?
Insufficient medial rotation of the foot and ankle
A patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis?
Inspiration/expiration PA
Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure? thymus gland epiglottis aorta trachea
epiglottis
A radiograph of the PA scaphoid reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjecent carpals. Which of the following factors can lead to this problem?
Insufficient ulnar deviation
The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as a ---joint
fibrous
Which of the following conditions can produce a dynamic bowel obstruction?
fibrous adhesion, crohn's disease, intussusception
The greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the:
greater curvature of the stomach
To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate:
greater trochanter
The interphalangeal joints have a---type of joint movement
gynglymus
Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially?
Internal rotation
Which rotation of the humerus will result in a lateral position of the proximal humerus?
Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to the IR)
The technologist most often---manual, analog exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites
increase
How much CR angulation to the ling axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus
40deg
A patient with a fratured forearm had the frature reduced and fiberglass cast placed on the extremity. The orthopedic surgeon orders a postreduction study. The original kV was 60kV. Which one of the following kV factors should be selected for the postreduction study?
63
How may tarsal bones are found in the foot?
7
What CR angle should be used for a mediolateral projection of the knee on a short, wide-pelvis patient?
7-10deg cephalad
Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart?
72in SID
Which of the following analog exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-size adult?
75kV, 600mA, 1/30sec, grid, 40in SID
For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest?
7in below the vertebra prominence
How many carpal bones are found in the wrist?
8
Which of the following kV ranges is recommended for a KUB on an adult?
80+/- 5kV
A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. Which os the following occured?
No positioning errors
What is a common palpable landmark for the AP chest on the obese patient?
jugular notch
The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the:
jugular notch and vertebra prominence
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would be best for an adult hand study using a digital imaging system?
kV, 300mA, 1/30sec, small focal spot
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
lateral
A patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body?
PA and lateral in extension projections
An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient?
PA and left lateral projections
How much should the knee be flexed for the Settegast method of the patella?
90deg
A patient enters the ED with a possible transverse fracture of the patella. Which of the following routines would safely provide the best images of the patella?
AP and horizontal beam lateral, no flexion of the knee
A patient enters the ED with multiple injuries including a possible fracture of the left proximal humerus. Which positioning rotation should be performed to determine the extent of the humerus injury?
AP and horizontal beam transthoracic lateral shoulder projection
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease?
AP and lateral knee
A patient enters the ED with a possible ascites. The patient is ambulatory. Which one of the following projections of the acute abdomen series will best demonstrate this condition?
AP erect
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent. Which one of the following projections will bets demonstarte the severity of this condition?
AP erect abdomen
A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection/position can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass?
AP lordotic
Which of the follwoinf projections of the ankle best demonstrate the open joint space of the lateral aspect of the ankle joint?
AP mortise projection
A patient comes to radiology for treatement of an arthritic condition of the right shoulder. The radiologist orders AP internal/external rotation projections and an inferosuperior axial projection of the scapulohumeral joint. However, the patient cannot abduct the arm for this projection. Which other projection will best demonstrate the scapulohumeral joint space?
AP oblique (Grashey)
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?
AP oblique with external rotation
A patient enters the ED with an injury near the base of the first and second metatarsals. The basic AP and lateral foot projections are inconclusive on demonstrating a fracture to the medial cuneiform. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this bone?
AP oblique with lateral rotation
Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform?
AP oblique with medial rotation
Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the neck of the fibula without superimposition of the tibia?
AP oblique with medial rotation
Which of the following projections can be performed using an orthostatic technique?
AP scapula
A patient enters the ED with multiple injuries. The physician is concerned about a dislocation of the left proximal humerus. The patient is unable to stand. Which of the following routines is advisable to best demonstrate this condition?
AP shoulder and recumbent AP oblique (scaoula Y) projection
Whcih of the following routines should be performed for a study of the second toe?
AP, AP oblique medial rotation, lateromedial projection
A patient comes to the radiology department for a knee study with special interest in the region of the proximal tibiofibular joint and the lateral condyle of the tibia. Which of the following positioning routines should the technologist obtain?
AP, lateral, and medial oblique knee
Which of the following landmarks is often easier to palpate to locate the lower abdomen on the obese patient?
ASIS
Which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the PA projection of the abdomen for rotation?
Ala of ilium (wings)
Which routine is performed for the fifth digit of the hand?
PA, PA oblique with lateral rotation, lateromedial lateral
A patient enters the ED with a dislocated shoulder. The technologist attemps to position the patient into the trasthoracic lateral projection, but the patient is unable to raise the unaffected arm over his head completely. What can the technologist do to compensate for the patient's inability to raise his arm completely?
Angle CR 10-15deg cephalad
Why is the left lateral decub preferred over the right lateral decub abdomen for an acute abdomen series?
Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin
Which of the following structures is considered to be the most inferior? Vocal cords Carina Epiglottis Hyoid bone
Carina
What CR angulation is required for that AP medial oblique projection of the foot?
CR is perpendicular to the IR
A radiograph of an AP clavicle reveals that the sternal extremity is partially collimated off. What should the technologist do?
Repeat the AP projection and correct collimation
A radiograph of a PA projection of the hand reveals that the distal radius and ulna and the carpals were cut off. What should the technologist do to correct this problem?
Repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna
Which of the following joints is considered to have a ball and socket type of movement?
Scapulohumeral joint
The xiphoid process is ay the vertebral level of:
T9-T10
A PA chest radiograph reveals that only seven ribs are seen above the diaprhagm on a healthy adult. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs?
Take exposure one the second inspiration rather than on the first
The second largest tarsal bone is the:
Talus
A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image?
This is a correctly centered image
A barium enema is strongly contraindicated for this pathology
Toxic megacolon
Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint?
Trochlea and olecranon process
A correctly positioned AP 45deg medial oblique ankle projection frequently may also demonstrate a fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal if present
True
A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed over the posterior half of the tibia
True
A disadvantage of the superoinferior sitting, tangential (Hobbs modification) method is that it requires acute flexion of the knee
True
A small pneumothorax may be detected by performing inspiration and expiration PA projections
True
A true AP projection of the knee will require a 3-5deg internal rotation of the lower limb
True
All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are diarthrodial.
True
An orthostatic technique can be performed for the AP projection of the scapula
True
Another term for Osteomalacia is rickets (T/F)
True
Another term for exostosis is osteochondroma
True
Carpal tunnel syndrome us more common in middle-aged women than in middle-aged men
True
Follow-up radiographs for a fractures tibia and fibula may include only the joint closest to the site of injury, depending on department protocol.
True
Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection
True
Motion of the patient's diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions
True
Nuclear medicine is generally more sensitive than radiography for assessing bones of the upper limb for either metastatic bone lesions or stress fractures
True
One of the early signs of rheumatoid arthritis is soft tissue swelling near the ulnar styloid
True
The AP abdomen for the obese patient often requires two separate exposures with the IR placed landscape
True
The AP axial (Alexander method) for AC joints requires a 15deg cephalic angle
True
The Achilles' tendon is attached to the rough striated process of the calcaneus
True
The Pigg-O-Stat is recommended for erect abdomen projections on young pediatric patients
True
The adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle
True
The adductor tubercle is visible on the medial, posterior aspect of the femoral condyle and can be used to determine possible rotation of a lateral knee projection
True
The female clavicle is usually shorter and less curved than that of the male
True
The greater trochanter is at about the same level as the superior border of the symphysis pubis
True
The lateral abdomen position will best demonstrate the prevertebral region
True
The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis
True
The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach
True
The recommended SID for AP AC joint study is 72in
True
The umbilicus should not be used as a positioning landmark because ir is often inaccurate
True
When placing a patient in a prone position for an abdomen x-ray, lower techniques may be needed
True
Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad?
True lateral with 90deg flexion
Which of the following modalities best demonstrates shoulder joint pathology such as rotator cuff tears using dynamic evaluation techniques during joint movements?
Ultrasound
What is the name of the insertion point for the deltoid muscle located on the anterolateral surface of the humerus?
Deltoid tuberosity
The first carpometacarpal joint is classified as a
saddle
Whcih is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid
The smooth, depressed, center portion of the trchlea used for evaluating rotation on the lateral elbow is termed the trochlear:
sulcus
The AP mortise projection of the ankle is commonly taken in surgery during open reductions
true
In severe cases, it causes toxic megacolon
ulcerative colitis
What pathology indicates inflammatory condition of the colon?
ulcerative colitis
A "skier's thumb" is an injury of the:
ulnar collateral ligament
The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in PA projection is known as:
ulnar deviation
What is the best method to control involuntary motion during abdominal radiography?
Short exposure time
Which wrist ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and continues to the triquetrum and pisiform?
Ulnar collateral ligament
which of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna? styloid process radial notch ulnar notch coronoid tubercle
Ulnar notch
Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint?
Ulnar notch and head of ulna
The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a---type of joint movement
ellipsoidal
The radiocarpal joint possesses a---type of joint movement
ellipsoidal
The suprarenal glands are part of the---system
endocrine
The term gastro refers to the intestine
false
What type of CR angle is required for the AP semi axial (alternative lordotic) projection for the lung apices?
10-15deg caudal
How much CR angulation should be used for an AP projection of the toes?
10-15deg towards calcaneus
The preferred length of time for a patient to be lying on their side prior to performing a left lateral decub projection is:
10-20min
Which of the following analog technical factors is ideal for adult chest radiograph?
120kV, 800mA, 1/40sec, 72in SID
How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection?
15-20deg medially
A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of the posterior ribs owing to the divergent x-ray beam. But a separation of greater than---cm indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral.
1cm
Where is the CR centered for the bilateral acromioclavicular AC joint projection on a single 14x7in IR?
1in above the jugular notch
Where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus?
1in inferior to the medial malleolus
What medial CR angle is required for the inferosuperior axial shoulder (Lawrence method)
25-30deg
At what level should the CR be placed for a left lateral decub projection of the abdomen?
2in above the iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for the AP erect projection of the abdomen?
2in above the iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique (Grashey method) position for the glenoid cavity?
2in medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder
The CR for an AP supine, adult chest projection, should be centered?
3-4in below the jugular notch
What CR angulation is recommended for an AP projection of the knee on a patient with an ASIS-to-tabletop measurement of 18cm?
3-5deg caudad
How much CR angulation is required for an asthnic patient for an AP axial projection of the clavicle?
30deg
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?
45deg
From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand?
45deg lateral rotation
What is the recommended SID for the superoinferior sitting tangential (Hobbs modification) method?
48-50in
How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella?
5-10deg
A radiographic appearance of a well-circumscribed lucency within bones describes:
A bone cyst
The best method of evaluating injuries to the menisci and ligaments of the knee joint involves:
A magnetic resonance imaging procedure
Which alternative landmark can be palpated if unable to locate the coracoid process for the shoulder projection for the obese shoulder?
AC joint
Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces
AP
CT and sonography best visualize this pathology
Appendicitis
This is often caused by chronic conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver
Ascites
What pathology indicates abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
Ascites
Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?
Ascites
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patient are obscurring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow?
Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward
Where must the CR be centered for an AP supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdomen series?
At the level of the iliac crest
Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the third digit?
At the proximal interphalangeal joint
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
At the third metacarpophalangeal joint
Which of the following knee projections requires the use of a special IR holding device?
Bilateral merchant method
Where would the interphalangeal joint be found in the foot?
Between the phalanges of the first digit
What is a possible radiographic sign for impingement syndrome of the shoulder?
Bone spurring in acromiohumeral space
What type of compensating filter is recommended for an AP shoulder projection?
Boomerang
The thyroid gland is located at the approximate level of:
C5-C7
Which of the following imaging modalities often requires the use of intravenous, iodinated contrast media for studies of the abdomen, especially for possible neoplasms?
CT
Which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest?
Capitate
Which of the following structures is considered to be the most lateral? Coronoid tubercle head of ulna trochlea capitulum
Capitulum
A patient comes to the ED with a possible right AC joint separation. Right clavicle and AC joint examinations are ordered. The clavicle is taken first, and a small linera fracture of the midshaft of the clavixle is discovered. What should the technologist do in this situation?
Consult with the ED physician before continuing with the AC joint study
Gonadal shielding can be used for a KUB abdomen projection on an adolescent female with generalized abdomen pain
False
It is also known as regional enteritis, chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall
Crohn's disease
What pathology indicates the presence as a "cobblestone" appearance
Crohn's disease
The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the:
Cuboid
Grids are required for studies of the adult ankle
False
A radiograph of an AP oblique foot with medial rotation demonstrates considerable superimposition of the third through fifth metatarsals. How must the original position be changed to eliminate this problem?
Decrease obliquity of the foot
A 16yr old female patient enters the ED with a possible kidney stone. She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding?
Do not use shielding because it is in the area of interest
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following abdominal projections would best demonstrate this condition?
Dorsal decub
A patient comes to radiology with clinical history of an umbilical hernia. Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it?
Dorsal decub
To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg is described as:
Dorsiflexion
Which term describes the top or anterior surface of the foot?
Dorsum
What is the major disadvantage of using 45deg of flexion for the mediolateral projection of the knee?
Draws patella into the intercondylar sulcus
What is the name of the structure that serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid?
Epiglottis
A patient enters the ED with a possible hemothorax in the right lung. With help, the patient can sit erect on a cart. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this condition?
Erect PA and erect right lateral decub
A patient enters the ED with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer. The patient is ambulatory. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?
Erect PA chest
The radiographic hallmark of Reiter's syndrome seen in young men is:
Erosion of the Achilles tendon insertion
A radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there id complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. What positioning error has been committed?
Excessive lateral rotation
A radiograph of an AP oblique elbow with medial rotation reveals that the radial head is superimposed over part of the coronoid process. What possition error has been committed?
Excessive medial rotation
A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the midshaft of the fourth thumb and fifth metacarpals is superimposed. What specific positioning error has been commited?
Excessive rotation of the hand/wrist laterally.
A 3-5deg caudal CR angle should be used for an AP knee projection for patients with an ASIS-to-tabletop measurement of 20cm
False
A posterior dislocation of the shoulder occurs more frequently than an anterior dislocated
False
A radiograph of the inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method) demonstrates the acromion process of the shoulder to be located most superiorly (anteriorly)
False
Contrary to common belief, the vertical dimension of an average PA chest is greater than the horizontal dimension
False
Geriatric patients generally require lower central ray centering than younger patients for chest radiograph
False
What is the common term for idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder
Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal humerus? intertubercular sulcus glenoid process anatomic neck lesser tubercle
Glenoid process
Whcih carpal articulates with both the fourth and fifth metatarsals
Hamate
A patient enters the ED with a possible bony defect of the midwing area of the scapula. The patient is able to stand and move the upper limb freely. In addition to the routine AP scapula projection with the arm abducted, which of the following would best demonstrate the involved area?
Have the patient reach across the chest and grasp the opposite shoulder for a lateral scapula projection
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?
Head
A gynglimus joint can also be reffered ti as a ----joint
Hinge
A patient enters the ED with a midshaft humeral fracture. The AP projection taken on the cart demonstrates another fracture near the surgical neck of the humerus. The patient is unable to stand or rotate the humerus because of the extent of the trauma. What other projection should be taken for this patient?
Horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection of the humerus
Which of the folowing projections of the patella requires the patient to be places in a prone position, 50-60deg flexion of the knee, and a 45deg cephalic angle of the CR?
Hughston method
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow?
Humeral epicondyles
A radiograph of an AP projection of the second toe reveals that the interphalangeal joints are not open. What is the most likely cause for this radiographic outcome?
Incorrect or inadequate CR centering or angle
How should the original analog kV range be changed with a fiberglass cast applied for a wrist or forearm radiographic procedure?
Increase 3-4
A radiograph of a plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus reveals foreshortening. The technologist used 60kV, 6mAs, 40in SID, and a 25deg cephalad CR angle from the long axis of the foot. Which o the following modifications will produce a more diagnostic image of the calcaneus?
Increase CR angulation
A patient enters the ED to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart?
Increase SID as much as possible
are male reproductive organs intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
Infraperitoneal
A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the midaspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error?
Increase the cephalic CR angle during repeat exposures
What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA?
Increased magnification of the heart
Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to the L2-L3 vertebral level?
Inferior costal margins
Which one of the following projections/positions should not be performed for a possible shoulder dislocation? Transthoracic lateral inferosuperior axial scapular y AP proximal humerus
Inferosuperior axial
In which region or compartment is the spleen located?
Intraperitoneal
Is the liver intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
Is the spleen intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
What pathology indicates radiographic appearance of air filled "coiled spring"
Intussusception
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a clinical indication for an acute abdominal series? Obstruction intra-abdominal mass infection kidney stone
Kidney stone
Why is the PA projection of the abdomen less desirable for a KUB than the AP projection?
Kidneys are father from the IR with PA projection
The iliac crest corresponds with the---vertebral level
L4-L5
What is the current anatomic name for the Adam's apple?
Laryngeal prominence
Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile?
Lateral
Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral projection for proximal humerus?
Level of surgical neck
Which of the following solid organs is the largest in the abdomen?
Liver
What are the two arches of the foot?
Longitudinal and transverse
Nuclear medicine is helpful in evaluating this pathology
Lower GI bleeding
Which carpal is represented by the letter B?
Lunate
A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed?
Medial (internal) rotation oblique
A patient fomes to radiology with a history of chondromalacia of the patella. The orthopedic surgeon is concerned about possible loose bodies within the patellofemoral joint space. She wants the best projection to demonstrate this joint space. What projection should be performed?
Merchant method
Which of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine
Mesentery
Which of the following joints is a modifies ellipsoidal or condyloid joint
Metatarsophalangeal
Why is it recommended that the PA oblique with medial rotation projection be performed rather than the PA oblique wirh lateral rotation for the second digit of the hand?
Minimizes OID
A patient enters the ED with a possible scaphoid fracture. The patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. Which of the following positions should be performed to confirm the diagnosis?
Modified stecher
Which AP projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus is created by placing the affected palm of the hand facing inward toward the thigh?
Neutral rotation
How much CR angulation should be used for a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection
No CR angle
Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the greater tubercle in profile medially?
None, the greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally in the AP oblique with external rotation projection
A radiograph of an AP ankle projection reveals that the lateral joint space is not open (lateral malleolus is partially superimposed by the talus). The superior medial joint spaces are open. What should the technologist do to correct this problem and improve the image?
Nothing; this is an acceptable image
Whcih of the following imaging modalities and/or procedures will provide the best assessment for osteomyelitis of the foot?
Nuclear Medicine
Which pathology may require an increase in exposure factors
Pagets disease
A general positioning rule is to place the long axia of the part---to the long axis of the image receptor
Parallel
The AP humerus requires that the humeral epicondyles are---to the IR
Parallel
Which tendon attaches directly to the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar
Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?
Patient in erect or decub position
Which of the following factors must be followed for an AP erect abdomen projection?
Patient needs to be upright a min of 5min before imaging
How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow?
Perpendicular to the IR
To properly visualize the joint spaces with the AO projection of the foot, the CR must be:
Perpendicular to the metatarsals
Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?
Phalanges
Which carpal bone is the smallest?
Pisiform
A radiograph for an AP projection with external rotation of the proximal humerus reveals that the greater tubercle is profiled laterally. What should be changed to improve this image for a repeat exposure?
Positioning is acceptable; do not repeat
Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?
Presence of the liver
Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand?
Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna?
Pronation of the hand
Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a properly exposed abdomen projection on an average-size patient?
Psoas major
What are the names of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?
Radial and coronoid fossa
In which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located?
Retroperitoneal
is the ascending colon intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Beacuse of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Whcih of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?
Right lateral decub
Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic) flexure?
Right lateral lumbar
In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found?
Right lower quadrant
In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found?
Right upper quadrant
Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove most of the scapulae from the lung fields?
Roll shoulders foward
A radiograph of an AP knee reveals rotation with almost total superimposition of the fibular head and the proximal tibia. What must the technologist do to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure?
Rotate the knee medially slightly
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed?
Rotation into the left anterior oblique position
A radiograph of an AP abdomen demonstrates elongation of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome?
Rotation to the left
Which carpal bone is represented by the letter A?
Scaphoid
Which of the following carpal articulates with the radius?
Scaphoid
A patient comes to radiology with a history of chondromalacia of the patella. Her physician orders a projection of the patellofemoral joint space. Due to advanced emphysema, the patient cannot lie recumbent for this projection. Which of the following projections would be best for this patient?
Superoinferior sitting tangential method- Hobbs modification
Which of the following structures is considered to be the most distal? Radial head Styloid process radial tuberosity Capitulum
Styloid process
What is the name of the large fossa found within the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
For an adult AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur?
The CR should be centered 3in below the jugular notch
A tear of the tibia (medial) collateral ligament (MCL) caused by a trauma injury is frequently associated with tears of:
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the medial meniscus
A mediolateral knee radiograph that is overrotated toward the IR can be recognized by which of the following?
The fibular head will appear less superimposed by the tibia than a true lateral
What is one advantage of the lateromedial projection of the foot?
The foot assumes a truer lateral procedure
Which of the following statements is NOT true? The angle of divergence of the left bronchus is greater than that of the right bronchus The right lung contains three lobes The left bronchus is more horizontal than the right bronchus The left bronchus is shorter than the right brinchus
The left bronchus is shorter than the right bronchus
How many articular facets make up the subtalar joint?
Three
A patient enters the ED with a possible Bennett's fracture. Which of the following routines should be performed to confirm this diagnosis?
Thumb
The medial malleolus is part of the:
Tibia
What is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow?
To provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow
To ensure that both joints are included on an AP projection of the tibia and fibula on an adult, the tech can:
Turn the IR diagonally to the lower leg
The profile appearance of the adductor tubercle and excessive superimposition of the fibular head and neck on a mediolateral knee projection indicate:
Underrotation of the knee toward the IR
A radiograph of a transthoracic lateral projection reveals that it is difficult to visualize the proximal humerus due to the ribs and lung markings. The following analog exposure factors were used: 75kV, 30mAs, 40in SID, grid, and suspended respiration. Which of the following changes will improve the visibility of the proximal humerus?
Use a orthostatic (breathing) technique
A 3yr old patient comes to radiology for an abdominal study. Even with careful instructions and immobilization, the patient is having difficulty holding still. Which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph?
Use shorter exposure time
A radiograph of a supine KUB on an obese patient reveals that the symphysis pubis is cut off along the bottom of the radiograph. The top of the left kidney is also cut off along the top of the radiograph. What modifications does the technologist need to make for the repeat exposure?
Use two 14x17in cassettes landscape, one centered lower and the other one higher
This is a twisting of a loop of intestine, creating an obstruction
Volvulus
Which body part should be imaged for a Barton's fracture?
Wrist
A patient enters the ED with a smith fracture. Which region of the upper limb must be radiograph to demonstrate this injury?
Wrist and foreamr
What pathology indicates bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal motility?
adynamic ileus
Situs inversus is a condition in which:
all major organs are in the opposite side of the body
Which of the following clinical indications would suggest the need for a dorsal decub abdomen position?
aneurysm, umbilical hernias, calcification of the aorta
The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ileum is the
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the:
axilla
Ileus is the formal term for:
bowel obstruction
A condition characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction is termed:
bronchioectasis
Saclike structures found in the knee joint that allow smooth articulation between ligaments and tendons are called?
bursae
Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali?
calcaneus
The cuboid bone articulates with
calcaneus, navicular, 4th metatarsal
The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the:
carina
What ligaments prevent the knee from being abducted or adducted?
collateral ligaments
The anterior surface of the scapula is referred to as the:
costal surface
The two most common sites for this pathology are the terminal ileum and proximal colon
crohn's disease
The technologist most often----manual, analog exposure factors for the patient with a large ileus
decrease
another term for osteoarthritis is:
degenerative joint disease
Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest?
duodenum
A radiograph of a mediolateral projection of the patella reveals that the femoropatellar joint space is not open. The patella is within the intercondylar sulcus. The most likely cause of this is:
excessive flexion of the knee
Another term for osteochondroma is
exostosis
What type of respiration should be employed prior to exposure for the AP KUB abdomen projection?
expiration
A general rule that radiographic grids are require with chest radiography for:
exposure factors using 100kV or greater
Anellipsoidal joint allows movement in---directions
four
Which type of body habitus typically requires that the image receptor be placed landscape rather than portrait for a PA chest?
hypersthenic
Is the lower rectum intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
infraperitoneal
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?
interphalangeal
This pathology is most common in children
intissuception
The most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/pelvis is the:
ischial tuberosity
A patient comes to radiology with a possible bleeding within the abdomen. The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections. Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient?
left lateral decub
A patient in in the intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. The patient cannot stand or sit. Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air?
left lateral decub
A patient in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently anf cannot stand. Which position/projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion?
left lateral decub
Which joint surfaces of the ankle joint are most commonly open with an AP projection of the ankle?
medial and superior
Which one of the following is the most common primary cancerous bone tumor
multiple myeloma
A nonvisible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, correctly positioned lateral elbow radiograph generally suggests
negative study of injury
Which of the following structures is considered to be the most proximal? radial styloid process head of ulna olecranon process radial tuberosity
olecranon process
Whoch of the following structures is considered to be the most posterior? radial tuberosity olecranon process trochlea coronoid process
olecranon process
Which pathology is also known as DJD
osteoarthritis
What is the most common type of benign tumor?
osteochondroma
A radiographic appearance of a highly malignant and extensive destructive lesion that usually occurs in long bones and produces a sunburst pattern describes:
osteogenic sarcoma
The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor is:
osteogenic sarcoma
Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow caused by bacteria introduced by trauma of surgery is a condition called?
osteomyelitis
Another term for the intercondylar sulcus is the
patellar surface
What additional maneuver must be added to the inferosuperior axial shoulder (Lawrence method) projection to best demonstrate a possible Hill-Sachs defect?
perform an exaggerated external rotation of the affected limb
What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
peritoneum
The CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned:
perpendicular to the long axis of the sternum
What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air?
pharynx
Extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot and toes downward is called:
plantar flexion
Pleurisy may be demonstrated radiographically by associated:
pleural effusion
This presents as a crest-shaped radiolucency on an erect chest or abdomen x-ray
pneumoperitoneum
What pathology indicates free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity?
pneumoperitoneum
Air or gas that escapes from the lungs into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as:
pneumothorax
The two fat stripes of the wrist demonstrated radiographically are known as the scaphoid fat stripe and the ----- fat stripe
pronator
The thymus gland is at its maximum size at
puberty
The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called:
pulmonary/visceral pleura
The prefix pyelo refers to the:
renal pelvis
Is the major abdominal blood vessels intra, retro, or infraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
Which pathology may require a decrease in exposure factors?
rheumatoid arthritis
The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is:
sonography
Which of the following organs is NOT considered an accessory organ for digestion? Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Spleen
spleen
Which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system?
spleen
Which term best describes the medial end of the clavicle?
sternal extremity
The jugular notch is located on the:
sternum
The ankle joint is a ---joint with a ----type of movement
synovial; saddle
The patellofemoral joint is a ----joint with a -----type of movement
synovial; saddle
A radiograph of an AP medial oblique projection of the foot, if it is positioned correctly, should demonstrate:
third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition
Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic fixtures?
transverse colon
The upper margin of the lungs is at the level of the:
vertebra prominence
