Final Review Part 2
What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body?
100 beats / minute
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as mucus, saliva, and tears are
IgA.
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
NK
The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.
T
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.
Tonsils
Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open?
Ventricles are in diastole.
Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with
blood vessels.
In passive immunity, the
body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.
closure of the heart valves
The foramen ovale ________
connected the two atria in the fetal heart
The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.
coronary arteries
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
Suppressor T cells act to
inhibit T and B cell activities.
After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process called
involution
The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
isovolumetric relaxation
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.
naturally acquired active
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.
noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
Exercise results in skeletal muscles compressing veins which encourages blood to return to the heart. In this scenario, which of the following is correct?
preload increases
Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood?
pulmonary vein
The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.
pumps blood against a greater resistance
The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the
right breast
Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate?
skin color
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by
specific immunity
While auscultating heart sounds during a checkup, Andy's doctor hears a high-pitched sound during ventricular contraction. Which type of valve could cause this?
stenotic aortic semilunar valve
A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably
tears
If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________.
tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action
Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except
the brain
During exercise, which of the following would occur on an electrocardiogram (ECG) compared to an individual at rest?
the time from one R to the R of the next heartbeat would decrease
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except
the venae cavae
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
thoracic duct.
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
tunica intima
The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the
tunica media
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins
When does the period of atrial repolarization occur?
ventricular depolarization
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
venules
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
white pulp
Select the correct statement about cardiac output.
A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except
B and T cells.
The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.
angina pectoris
A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)
antigen
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
atrial depolarization
Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
atrioventricular (AV) valve
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?
capillary
The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.
cardiac tamponade
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.
causing threshold to be reached more quickly
Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?
channeling blood away from the heart
The lymphocytes are most important in
fighting infection.
