Final Review Part 2

What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body?

100 beats / minute

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as mucus, saliva, and tears are

IgA.

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

NK

The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.

T

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Tonsils

Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open?

Ventricles are in diastole.

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

blood vessels.

In passive immunity, the

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.

closure of the heart valves

The foramen ovale ________

connected the two atria in the fetal heart

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

coronary arteries

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

cytotoxic T

Suppressor T cells act to

inhibit T and B cell activities.

After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process called

involution

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

isovolumetric relaxation

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

naturally acquired active

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

Exercise results in skeletal muscles compressing veins which encourages blood to return to the heart. In this scenario, which of the following is correct?

preload increases

Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood?

pulmonary vein

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.

pumps blood against a greater resistance

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

right breast

Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate?

skin color

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

specific immunity

While auscultating heart sounds during a checkup, Andy's doctor hears a high-pitched sound during ventricular contraction. Which type of valve could cause this?

stenotic aortic semilunar valve

A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably

tears

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________.

tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except

the brain

During exercise, which of the following would occur on an electrocardiogram (ECG) compared to an individual at rest?

the time from one R to the R of the next heartbeat would decrease

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except

the venae cavae

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

thoracic duct.

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica intima

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

When does the period of atrial repolarization occur?

ventricular depolarization

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

white pulp

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except

B and T cells.

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

angina pectoris

A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)

antigen

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

atrial depolarization

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.

cardiac tamponade

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?

channeling blood away from the heart

The lymphocytes are most important in

fighting infection.