Final Review Quizzes 1-6

To find a significant difference between groups it is important that... Select one: a. ... the between group variance is large compared to the within group variance b. ... the between group variance is small compared to the within group variance c. ... the between group variance is more or less equal to the within group variance d. ... the means and standard deviations of the groups' scores are of the same magnitude. e. None of the above

a. ... the between group variance is large compared to the within group variance

The magnitude of a threat to internal validity increases when it has an effect on the results of the research project compared to a situation in which it has no effect. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

Comparing test items with the course objectives (course topics) check which type of validity? Select one: a. content b. predictive c. concurrent d. construct

a. content

A statistical regression threat to internal validity occurs when... Select one: a. participants are selected on the basis of extreme scores b. changes within the individual take place that are a function of time, rather than the treatment c. specific events take place between the first and second measurement d. selection biases take place that results in differential selection of participants for the comparison groups e. a loss of participants from one of the groups takes place

a. participants are selected on the basis of extreme scores

A researcher wishes to survey student opinions on a proposed increase in fees at her university. She decides to select a sample for telephone interviewing by selecting every 20th name in the student directory. What is this type of sampling called? Select one: a. systematic b. random c. stratified d. cluster e. equal

a. systematic

When an experimenter states that the level of significance is the .05 level, he or she is setting the probability of committing which type of error? Select one: a. type I b. type II c. alpha d. beta

a. type I

When a researcher claims that there is a difference between treatments (i.e., rejects the null hypothesis), when there really is no difference, what type of error is this? Select one: a. type I error b. type II error c. Not enough information

a. type I error

Changing the alpha from .05 to .01 will... Select one: a. ... increase the chances of committing a Type-I error b. ... decrease the chances of committing a Type-I error c. ... increase the chances of committing a Type-II error d. None of the above

b. ... decrease the chances of committing a Type-I error

A researcher finds a correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self concept scores. What percentage of common association (variance) can be inferred between the two variables? Select one: a. 35% b. 49% c. 60% d. 70% e. None of the above

b. 49%

Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis clas. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = .27; test B, r = -.90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is Select one: a. A b. B c. C d. D e. All of them

b. B

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. Reactive effects of testing affect the generalizability of results and is therefore a threat to internal validity b. Reactive effects of testing affect the generalizability of results and is therefore a threat to external validity c. Reactive effects of testing refer to a test that has an effect on the performance of the second test and is therefore a threat to internal validity d. Reactive effects of testing refer to a test that has an effect on the performance of the second test and is therefore a threat to external validity e. None of the above

b. Reactive effects of testing affect the generalizability of results and is therefore a threat to external validity

The single score which best represents all the scores in a distribution is the definition of Select one: a. standard deviation b. central tendency c. variability d. parametrics e. mean

b. central tendency

Two-stage random sampling combines... Select one: a. random and non-random sampling b. cluster and random sampling c. cluster and purposive sampling d. random and purposive sampling e. None of the above

b. cluster and random sampling

Which of the following is a technique for providing information about the reliability of an instrument? Select one: a. bivariate prediction b. coefficient alpha c. factor analysis d. chi square

b. coefficient alpha

If two measures have a high negative correlation and a person has a low score on one measure, his or her score on the other measure is most likely to be Select one: a. low b. high c. the same score d. dependent on whether one variable is the cause of the other e. None of the above

b. high

A weighing scale that displays consistently a weight that is 10 lbs off is an example of an instrument that is... Select one: a. valid, but not reliable b. reliable, but not valid c. reliable and valid d. neither valid or reliable e. Not enough information provided

b. reliable, but not valid

If a thermometer measure the tempature in an oven as 400 degrees five days in a row when the tempature was actually 377 degrees, this measuring instrument would be considered Select one: a. reliable and valid b. valid by not reliable c. reliable but not valid d. unreliable and invalid

c. reliable but not valid

The type of scale that uses items such as "Worthless - Valuable" is called a Select one: a. Thorndike scale b. Thurstone scale c. semantic differential scale d. Likert scale

c. semantic differential scale

If a researcher finds a small difference in average test scores between a large sample (over 700) of experimental participants and a large sample (same size) of control participants, it is very likely that the difference is Select one: a. statisitically significant and has a high degree of meaningfulness b. not statisitically significant but has a high degree of meaningfulness c. statisitically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness d. neither statistically significant nor meaningful

c. statisitically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness

After a population of 1,000 high school seniors is devided by sex and size of school attended, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called Select one: a. systematic sampling b. matched-pair sampling c. stratified random sampling d. cluster sampling

c. stratified random sampling

If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups on a particular dependent variable, a follow-up test such as the Schefffe or Tukey is needed to determine Select one: a. whether the F ratio is significantly different from chance b. the percentage of variance accounted for by the treatments c. which of the groups differ signficantly from the others d. none of the above

c. which of the groups differ signficantly from the others

For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between Select one: a. 30 and 36 b. 18 and 42 c. 12 and 48 d. 24 and 36 e. None of the above

d. 24 and 36

For a test to have good content validity, the following statement(s) must be true: Select one: a. The test is highly correlated with the final grade in the course b. The test adequately samples what was covered in the course. c. The percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic d. b and c only e. a, b, and c

d. b and c only

In multiple regression, one is able to predict Select one: a. two or more dependent variables (criteria) from two or more independent variables (predictors) b. two or more dependent variables (criteria) from one independent variable (predictor) c. one dependent variable (criterion) from one independent variable (predictor) d. one dependent variable (criterion) from two or more independent variables (predictors)

d. one dependent variable (criterion) from two or more independent variables (predictors)

Which of the following terms least belongs with the others? Select one: a. mode b. median c. mean d. standard deviation e. None of the above

d. standard deviation

The t-test is used to Select one: a. adjust for initial differences within the group b. see if the tests are reliable c. estimate the error of prediction d. test whether two groups differ significantly

d. test whether two groups differ significantly

When a researcher states that a result is significant, this means that Select one: a. the effect is an especially important one b. the scores are not correlated or different c. the scores are correlated or different d. the result is unlikely to be a chance occurence e. None of the above

d. the result is unlikely to be a chance occurence

If the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a Select one: a. one-tailed test b. two tailed test c. type I error d. type II error e. Not enough information

d. type II error

If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that... Select one: a. 80% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude b. 64% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude c. 40% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude d. 20% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude e. None of the above

e. None of the above