Final

The primary adaptations that occur during heat acclimatization are

an increased plasma volume , earlier onset of sweating , and a higher sweat rate

Which of the following statements about body temperature homeostasis is correct

Body temperature is a balance between heat loss and heat gain .

25. Exercise performance in endurance events is impaired in a hot and humid environment . Which of the following

C. respiratory dysfunction

Endurance exercise training programs ( e.g. , 3 days / week @ 60 % VO₂ max for 12 weeks ) lasting typically result in a

D. 15-20 % improvement in VO₂ max

11. Evaporation of one liter of sweat would result in the loss of kcal of heat .

D. 580

During exercise of energy produced is released as heat .

D. 70-80 %

22. Which of the following statements are true about heat shock proteins ?

D. All of the above answers are correct .

Cold acclimation results in which of the following physiological adaptations ?

D. All of the above answers are correct .

Which of the following physiological factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training - induced increase in the maximal a - vo , difference ?

Increased hemoglobin

Which of the following training adaptations does NOT occur in skeletal muscles following 4-10 weeks of anaerobic exercise training ?

None of the above answers are correct

28. During exercise , body temperature is regulated by making adjustments in the amount of heat that is lost .

TRUE

23. Calculate the total evaporation of sweat necessary to prevent heat gain in the body given the following information :

Total body energy expenditure = 250 Kcal Exercise efficacy = 20 % Evaporation of 1000 ml of sweat results in 580 Kcal of heat loss

Prolonged exercise results in a significant increase in body core temperature . Calculate the increase in body core temperature during exercise given the following

Total energy expenditure during exercise = 600 Kcal Exercise efficiency = 20 % Total heat stored during exercise = 192 Kcal Subject body weight = 60 Kg Amount of heat required to increase body temperature by 1 ° C = 0.83 kcal / kg

Which of the following conditions would result in the highest vapor pressure in the air ?

. 30 ° C , 75 % relative humidity

A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as _____% above resting levels ?

120-150

Four - to - ten weeks of anaerobic training ( high intensity exercise lasting 10-30 seconds ) can increase the peak anaerobic capacity by ____across individuals .

3-25 %

Following a single bout of resistance exercise training , muscle protein synthesis can remain elevated above baseline for as much as _____in both trained and untrained individuals

40-50 hours

Heritability ( i.e. , genetics ) determines approximately _____% of VO2 max variability in sedentary adults .

50

High responders to endurance exercise training ( i.e. , individuals that achieve large increases in VO₂ max ) can achieve up to ____% improvement in VO₂ max following a prolonged and intense training program .

50

Heat acclimatization occurs generally within

7 to 14 days .

At high environmental temperatures , which of the following variables impact the amount of heat loss by evaporation ?

all of the above answers are correct .

In theory , concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition

A. AMP kinase activation of TSC2

9. During the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program , the initial increase in muscular strength are due primarily to

A. neural adaptations

The principal means of heat loss at rest in a cool indoor environment ( 20 ° C / low humidity ) is via

A. radiation .

The higher the relative humidity , the vapor pressure gradient between the skin and the environment .

B. lower

5. The transfer of heat from the body into molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface is called

conduction

An increase in body core temperature results in

cutaneous vasodilation

Hypothermia is defined as a significant

decrease in body core temperature

Humans and other animals that maintain a rather constant body temperature are called

homeotherms

A single bout of resistance exercise training results in an increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis . This exercise induced increase in muscle protein synthesis can occur within _____following the exercise session .

hours

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training , the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis occurs within following the completion of the exercise session .

hours

The body's thermostat is located in the

hypothalamus

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training - induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise ?

increased fat storage in the liver

Which of the following endurance training adaptations does NOT result in lower lactate production in the contracting muscles

increased glycogen utilization

Which of the following factors contributes to the endurance exercise training induced improvement in VO2 max ?

increased maximal stroke volume

31. Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid - base balance during exercise ?

increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle

Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a submaximal exercise . This is due to

increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries..

After a 15 - week program of endurance exercise training , which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining

maximal heart rate

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training . the rise in the activity of calcinurin , calmodulin kinase , and AMP kinases occurs within ____following the exercise session

minutes

Endurance exercise training results in an increased turnover of mitochondria in skeletal muscle . The process of removing old and damaged mitochondria is called

mitophagy

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance ( strength ) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone . Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development

none of above are correct

It is well known that resistance exercise training promotes an increase in muscle protein synthesis by activating the mechanistic target of rapamyosin ( mTOR ) which results in increased protein synthesis . Recent evidence suggests that two signaling molecules interact to directly activate mTOR . These molecules are :

phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain Rheb )

6. Which of the following could be a mechanism of heat gain in a hot and sunny environment ?

radiation

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity . This is an example of what training principle ?

specificity

Cross - sectional studies demonstrate that the physiological variable responsible for the large variation in VO₂ max across the normal population is maximal

stroke volume

The primary source of heat production during exercise is

the contracting skeletal muscles .

The increase in VO₂ max that occurs following 4 months of endurance exercise training results from an increase in both maximal cardiac output and maximal a - vo , difference . Relatively short durations of endurance exercise training ( e.g. , 1-4 months ) increases VO₂ max primarily by increasing

the maximal cardiac output

The heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower ( i.e. , lower heart rate and lower minute ventilation ) following an endurance training program . This training - induced adaptation is primarily due to changes in the

trained skeletal muscles .

In resting skeletal muscle fibers , Ras homologue enriched brain ( Rheb ) activation of mTOR is inhibited by

tuberous sclerosis complex 2 ( TSC2 )

Heat production can be increased through

All of the above answers are correct .

Regulation of body core temperature is important because

All of the above statements are correct

Therefore , the total evaporation of sweat necessary to prevent body heat gain in these conditions is :

B. 0.344 liters

16. Exercise in the heat is associated with accelerated fatigue due , in part , to

B. increased free radical production in the active skeletal muscles .

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training - induced improvement in stroke volume during exercise

B. increased peripheral resistance

Therefore , the total increase in body temperature following exercise would be :

C. 3.86 ° C

1. The average VO₂ max value for the young ( e.g. , 21 years old ) male sedentary population is approximately

C. 45 ml kg¹ min .

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

D. all of the above answers are correct .

In response to a decrease in body temperature , humans often exhibit ________upon response to cold .

D. both B and C are correct

14. Compared to exercise in a cool environment , prolonged exercise in the heat

D. results in a more rapid onset of muscular fatigue .