Final Study Questions - EBP
A
A new instrument and an established instrument yield scores that are highly correlated. What can a researcher conclude about the new instrument? a. The new instrument has criterion-related validity. b. The new instrument has construct validity. c. The new instrument is not valid. d. The new instrument has content validity.
C
A new nurse participates in her first performance review with her supervisor. This review process will likely include getting feedback from her supervisor and peers, as well as: a. structured rules for the next review period b. a timeline for promotion c. performance-related goals d. a schedule for further training
T
T/F Nurses should not speculate about the treatments subjects receive in a blinded RCT.
T
T/F Percentages are often used to describe characteristics of samples
C
which of the following described the use of research by RNs? a. Stetler model b. Iowa model c. CURN d. institute of medicine report
C
At which point in the sampling process would the researcher create a sampling frame? a. When the sampling interval has been chosen b. When the convenience sample has been located c. When the accessible population has been determined d. When the exclusion criteria have been applied
T
T/F In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same value
T
T/F Nurses should determine that researchers are using the correct statistical tests to analyze data
F
T/F A study involving three groups needs a minimum of 30 subjects
A
Which of the following lists the types of measurement in order from weakest to strongest? a. Nominal, ordinal, ratio b. Ratio, interval, nominal c. Ordinal, ratio, interval d. Interval, nominal, ordinal
a, c, d
Which of the following sampling methods involves randomization (select all that apply) a. systemic sampling b. snowball sampling c. stratified random sampling d. cluster sampling
b, d
Which of the following should nurses consider when appraising qualitative data collection methods? (Select all that apply) a. the cost of the study b. the setting of the study c. the ages of the data collectors d. the role of the researcher
A
dissemination is an important phase in: a. the cycle of scientific development b the Krebs cycle c. the cycle of life d. the cycle of professional nursing
C
dissemination is important for which of the following reasons? a. publishers need to make a profit b. most research grants require reporting c. new knowledge is transmitted to patient care d. theorist and researchers need something to do
B
A researcher is studying the relationship of the amount of time intensive care unit patients spend lying on their backs and urine output. Which test would the researcher use to analyze the data? a. Chi square b. Pearson's r c. Phi coefficient d. multiple regression
D
A researcher who interviews subjects selected from the members of six health policy interest groups in the state of Alabama is most likely using which sampling method? a. Stratified b. Target c. Convenience d. Purposive
a, c, d, b, e
place the following kinds of evidence in order from highest to lowest: a. meta-analysis b. case studies c. RCTs d. cohort studies e. expert opinions
A, C
to describe the frequency of the single variable myocardial infarction in adults ages 30-49 which of the following could be used? (select all that apply) a. descriptive statistics b. inferential statistics c. univariate statistics d. bivariate statistics
D
A nurse finds the answer to a clinical question by reading an abstract of a study. Which level of evidence is the nurse using? a. Syntheses b. Summaries c. Studies d. Synopses
D
A nurse examining evidence from research studies on a given practice question would most likely use which of the following to make a recommendation about a practice change? a. Predetermined level b. Evaluation system c. Knowledge tree d. Evidence hierarchy
D
A major advantage of poster presentations over other methods is that poster presentations offer opportunities for: a. using pictures. b. working remotely. c. exhibition. d. networking.
A
A nurse determines that each month he will search for a new EBP guideline or technique for practice. This is an example of which of the following? a. Using a goal-centered framework for practice b. Connecting with others in similar practices areas c. Seeking a mentor to assist professional growth d. Acting as preceptor during orientation
B
A nurse has been accepted to present a poster presentation at a national conference in a different state. In preparation, the nurse would have the poster professionally printed and: a. ensure that a peer at home has a copy of the presentation if needed. b. put a copy of the presentation on a flash drive. c. mail a second copy of the professionally printed poster to the hotel. d. email a copy of the acceptance letter to the hotel ensuring a hotel room is reserved.
C
A nurse is concerned regarding an area of practice that has been linked to poor client outcomes. Several nurses have expressed concern regarding the problem. Critically thinking about the problem would involve which of the following? a. Deferring to the hospital staff responsible for the policy and procedure manual b. Waiting for the unit continuing-education offering regarding a change in practices c. Reflecting on past knowledge and formulating potential solutions d. Continuing the status quo
D
A nurse is planning a change related to a potential safety concern for a patient. Which phase of Kotter's change model will occur first? a. Generating short-term wins b. Developing a vision c. Empowering action d. Communicating a sense of urgency
B
A nurse manger reads about a research study that could potentially provide a dramatically better health outcome for patients at the point of care with a few minor adjustments in the nursing staff's daily routine. What ethical dilemma might this nurse face from using sources of other evidence? a. Being overly enthusiastic about applying changes to practice b. Not adopting practice guidelines when the evidence is clear c. Allocating resources inappropriately that could better be used elsewhere d. Not labeling evidence correctly or being true to the process of review
A
A nurse researcher is studying hypertension rates for adult diabetic patients after hospitalization. Which of the following would study nursing-sensitive outcomes? a. Hypertension rates for patients who had nursing-led hypertension education b. Hypertension rates for patients who started an exercise plan c. Hypertension rates for patients who made significant diet changes d. Hypertension rates for patient who met with a nutritionist
A
A nurse working in critical care questioned the rationale for limitations on family visitation times. After discussions with supervisors, administration, and other staff, the nurse gathers information for a possible policy change that could benefit patients, families, and staff. This nurse is demonstrating which characteristic of an innovator? a. Sense of inquiry b. Flexibility to change c. Good communication skills d. Awareness of self and the unit
a, b
A pilot: (select all that apply) a. is a small version of the study b. confirms feasibility of the study c. critiques the conclusions from a study d. is the small stipend that subjects receive for participating in the study
D
A research nurse is in the final phase of completing a research study manuscript and wants to get an expert opinion of the manuscript. Which of the following best defines an expert? a. A participant of the research study b. A physician in the discipline being studied c. A peer involved in the research study d. An individual with an advanced degree in nursing
B
A researcher analyzing data from a study that investigated the relationship between use of infrared therapy and circulation in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy would most likely use which type of analysis? a. Univariate b. Bivariate c. Trivariate d. Multivariate
C
A researcher desires to study the effect of a memory game on older adults' abilities to recall a short-term task list. The researcher randomly selects 20 elders form a list of residents at a local nursing home. The sampling method used is a. convenience sampling b. quota sampling c. simple random sampling d. purposive sampling
A
A researcher is studying post-polio syndrome in American polio survivors over the age 65. The researcher selects the sample subjects from the eligible subjects in a tristate area where the researcher is able to travel. Which group is the target population for this researcher? a. American polio survivors over the age of 65 with post-polio syndrome b. American polio survivors over the age of 65 c. American polio survivors over the age of 65 with post-polio syndrome in the tristate area who participate in the research study d. American polio survivors over the age of 65 with post-polio syndrome in the tristate area
a, b, c, d
Factors to consider when planning data collection include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Time frame b. budget c. training of personnel d. availability of preprinted questionnaires
A
Healthcare organizations are required to provide examples of nurse-sensitive quality indicators as part of the application process for, or for maintenance of: a. Magnet Recognition b. Forces of Magnetism c. Joint Commission accreditation. d. Benchmarking participation
A
If a nurse involved in a discussion with colleagues has the goal of determining the clinical significance of a study's findings examines the concept of the study's odds ratio, which of the following is the nurse investigating? a. Odds of an experimental patient suffering an event compared to a patient in the control group b. Percentage reduction in risk in the treated group compared to the control group c. Odds of a patient requiring treatment over an extended period of time to prevent one adverse outcome d. Risk of the outcome in the treated group compared to the risk in the control group
D
Limited exposure to research in basic nursing programs is a barrier to connecting research to practice. What can be done to help overcome this barrier? a. Enlisting nurses as research assistants for research-based studies b. Increasing nurses' authority in client care to implement EBP in facilities c. Actively participating in nursing grand rounds d. Providing more educational opportunities for nurses to learn about EBP
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. F 6. D
Match the following terms: 1. range 2. semi quartile range 3. percentile 4. standard deviation 5. z score 5. coefficient variation a. rank b. difference between maximum and minimum values c. measure of the average deviations of a value from the mean d. percentage comparing standard deviations when units of measure are different e. range of the middle 50% of data f. converted standard deviation to a standardized unit
1. E 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D
Match the following: 1. Chi square 2. t test 3. ANOVA 4. Pearson's r 5. Multiple regression a. uses the F statistic b. tests for the significance of a correlation between two variables c. has independent and correlated variations d. tests the significance of relationships among three or more variables e. tests for differences between groups using nonparametric data
1. B 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. H 6. D 7. C 8. F
Match the following: 1. Population 2. Target population 3. Accessible population 4. Sample 5. Inclusion Criteria 6. Exclusion Criteria 7. Representativeness 8. Element a. the elements included in a study b. all elements that meet a well-defined set of criteria c. degree to which the sample reflects the population d. characteristics that eliminate elements from a study e. a population that meets sampling criteria f. basic unit of population g. population from which a researcher can sample
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
Match the terms: a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio 1. Input and output measurement 2. Temperature in degrees Celsius 3. Type of cancer 4. Strength of contractions (mild, moderate, strong)
1. e 2. a, b, c 3. d 4. b 5. a, c
Match the type of outcome with the indicator: (select all that apply) 1. performance related outcome 2. patient-related outcome 3. care-related outcome 4. long-term outcome 5. short term outcome a. patient will not hemorrhage after delivery b. patient will maintain weight loss over 2 years c. patient will be afebrile after surgery d. the rate of hospital acquired infections e. patient satisfaction will be 90% or greater
A
Nurses practicing on a unit have identified that they are uncomfortable with interpreting results of published research findings. What would be an approach to this problem? a. Dissemination of findings in a more understandable manner b. Avoidance of applying research findings on the unit c. Participation by unit nurses in relevant research studies to better understand them d. Reliance on researchers to interpret the findings through publications and presentations
e, c, a, h, d, g, f, b
Put Kotter's eight phases of change in order: a. develop a clear vision b. anchor the change c. create a coalition d. empower people to clear obstacles e. establish a sense of urgency f. consolidate and keep moving g. secure short term wins h. share the vision
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T
T/F 1. baseline data are unimportant in outcome measurement 2. precise description of indicators is essential 3. for complex analyses, the assistance of statistician may be needed 4. input from staff can help clarify outcome measurement
F
T/F All statistically significant findings have clinical significance.
F
T/F An instrument with a reported Cronbach's alpha of 0.65 has good reliability.
T
T/F Categories in grouped data must be mutually exclusive
T
T/F Content validity is established by having a panel of experts review the instruments.
T
T/F Data collection instruments should have codes rather than subject names to ensure anonymity.
T
T/F Data contained in tables are an important source of evidence for practice.
T
T/F Equivalence, internal consistency, and stability are tested to ensure instrument reliability.
F
T/F Face validity is the strongest method to establish validity.
F
T/F If data are highly uniform, a low peak will be observed in a graphic representation of the data
T
T/F Reading the table after the text is a helpful strategy that can improve comprehension of ideas.
F
T/F The total number of subjects in a sample is represented by the symbol n
F
T/F Validity is concerned with an instrument obtaining accurate and repeatable measures.
F
T/F a group with elements having similar attributes would be considered heterogeneous
T
T/F a panel of experts synthesizes evidence to make recommendations for clinical guidelines
F
T/F attrition has little effect on the generalizability of study findings
F
T/F frequency distributions are an effective way to present inferential statistics
T
T/F if the tail of a distribution is skewed to the left, the data are negatively skewed
T T F T
T/F innovators are critical thinkers change keeps nursing practice up to date all change is positive the cuter of the social system can inhibit change
T
T/F nurses should evaluate clinical guidelines because they may be biased
F
T/F patient care must follow clinical guidelines exactly
T
T/F the best way to determine the sample size for quantitative study is through power analysis
T
T/F characteristics of the accessible population should be considered when creating recruitment materials
a, b, c, d
The systematic review involves which of the following? (select all that apply) a. methodical review of the literature b. obtaining published and unpublished sources c. creating a grid for summarizing data collection d. establishing inclusion
B
Three nurses are going to collaborate on a research project on decreasing postoperative infections. Which of the following is considered one of the first steps the nurses should engage in? a. Participant population b. Authorship responsibilities c. Schedule for data analysis d. Content of findings
B
Three patients with tuberculosis who receive treatment at different facilities and have never been in contact with each other begin to exhibit a new cluster of symptoms not seen in other tuberculosis patients. Which method of collecting qualitative data about the phenomenon is most appropriate? a. Questionnaire b. Case study c. Focus group d. Interview
A
To use random sampling, a researcher must know the a. sampling frame b. characteristics of the population c. exclusion criteria d. sampling interval
F
True or False? It is best practice for a nurse presenter to ensure the PowerPoint presentation has in-depth comprehensive information in the body of each slide and to allow the audience time to read the extensive information.
T
True or False? Nurses who practice at the bedside are increasingly being expected to engage in conference presentations
T
True or False? Recently, national efforts are being aimed at realizing the goal of dissemination for the purpose of improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.
Unethical
Unethical or ethical? Selecting an alpha of .05 so that the research hypothesis is supported when it would not be if the alpha were set at .01
A
What distinguishes a systematic review from a traditional literature review? a. The approach used for obtaining relevant literature b. The length of the review c. The use of previously published reports d. The use of meta-analysis on the literature being reviewed
C
What distinguishes meta-analysis from meta-synthesis? a. Meta-analysis uses a systematic approach; meta-synthesis does not use a systematic approach. b. Meta-analysis uses only published evidence; meta-synthesis uses both published and unpublished evidence. c. Meta-analysis is used for quantitative studies; meta-synthesis is used for qualitative studies. d. Meta-analysis is used for qualitative studies; meta-synthesis is used for quantitative studies.
C
What is an advantage of using poster presentations over other methods to disseminate new knowledge? a. More complex information can better be presented via a poster. b. The process of submission tends to be easier than other methods. c. Poster sessions present opportunities for networking at conferences. d. Presenters do not need to be in person at a conference location.
B
What is occurring when a nurse is presented with an innovative technique for administering medication to pediatric patients based on a new research study, but the nurse doesn't have the time to investigate the research study and simply continues to keep administering medication to pediatric patients in the same manner that the nurse has always used? a. Acquiring evidence b. Passive rejection c. Active rejection d. Ranking of evidence
D
What is the focus of the Nursing Quality Indicators developed by the American Nurses Association? a. Policies and procedures for implementation of nursing care b. Best practice guidelines for providing care c. Issues related to obtaining reimbursement for nursing care d. Outcomes of nursing care focused on patient safety and quality
B
What should an oral presenter be sure to include at the end of a nursing research presentation? a. Time for clarification of mistakes b. Time for questions from the audience c. Suggestions for improvement on the presentation d. Expectations for the audience to incorporate the presentation into their practice
D
Which of the following is an example of benchmarking? a. Comparison of patient infection rates and nursing handwashing rates on a designated unit b. Comparison of nursing hours worked and number of patient assessments completed in a given 12-hour shift c. Comparison of nursing empathy and patient diagnosis in the emergency department d. Comparison of an individual hospital's readmission rates for pneumonia and the CMS readmission rates for pneumonia on a national level
D
When a nurse is deciding how to apply evidence from a particular study to evidence-based practice, which of the following is an ethical concern the nurse must take into consideration because individual patients may not always have the exact same characteristics as the study subjects? a. Validity b. Duplicity c. Reliability d. Generalizability
A
When distribution is shown as a symmetrical bell-shaped curve, what can be concluded about the data? a. The mean, median, and mode are equal. b. The mean is less than the median and mode. c. The data shows moderate uniformity. d. The mean is greater than the median and mode.
B
Which measure is most likely to be affected by the presence of an extreme value in the data set? a. Mode b. Mean c. Position of the median d. Median
B
Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for a researcher who is concerned participant attrition will result in invalid study results? a. Offer participants at risk of dropping out incentives if they stay in the study. b. Begin the study with a larger sample than necessary. c. Redefine the target population after attrition occurs so that the remaining subjects are still a representative sample. d. Include a section in the consent form where participants agree in advance to complete the entire study.
a, b, d
Which of the following are advantages that questionnaires have over interviews? (select all that apply) a. take less time to administer b. provide for anonymity c. allow for more in-depth responses d. minimize socially desirable responses
B
Which of the following are considered to be at the bottom of the 5 Ss? a. meta-analysis b. concept analysis c. synopses d. systems
a, c
Which of the following are physiological measures? (select all that apply) a. blood pressure b. grades on an exam c. digoxin levels d. mini-mental state examination
A
Which of the following factors can best help to minimize ethical dilemmas that arise when considering changes to healthcare practices, process, or policies? a. Examining the cost-benefit ratio of intended changes b. Forming an ethical review committee about implementation c. Using an ethical nursing theory to guide decision making d. Analyzing the generalizability of research findings
B
Which of the following is an example of a study focused on patient-related outcomes? a. A study on the effect of ambulation 1 hour after a caesarian section b. A study on the effect of patients smoking after caesarian section c. A study on the effect of fluid administration during a caesarian section d. A study of the effect of antibiotics administered prior to a caesarian section
A
Which of the following is an example of a study focused on performance-related outcomes? a. A study on the length of stay after a caesarian section in relation to frequency of nursing assessments b. A study of the effect of early ambulation on prevention of bed sores. c. A study on the effectiveness of antiemetics given prophylactically with chemotherapy treatment d. A study on patient compliance with weight-bearing status following hip replacement.
A
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between stability and internal consistency? a. An instrument may demonstrate stability, internal consistency, or both at the same time. b. An instrument that demonstrates internal consistency will also demonstrate stability. c. An instrument that demonstrates stability will also demonstrate internal consistency. d. An instrument cannot demonstrate stability and internal consistency at the same time.
C
Which of the following statements correctly contrasts inferential statistics and descriptive statistics? a. Inferential statistics are gathered using univariate analysis, whereas descriptive statistics are gathered using multivariate analysis. b. Inferential statistics are used to present data and information, whereas descriptive statistics are used to develop population parameters. c. Inferential statistics are used to make predictions about phenomena, whereas descriptive statistics are used to explain characteristics of variables. d. Inferential statistics are based on predicted data, whereas descriptive statistics are based on collected data.
C
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between propositional and nonpropositional nursing knowledge? a. Both propositional and nonpropositional knowledge are based primarily on scholarly research. b. Both propositional and nonpropositional knowledge are gained through trial-and-error methods. c. Nonpropositional knowledge is primarily practice based, whereas propositional knowledge is primarily science based. d. Propositional knowledge is primarily practice based, whereas nonpropositional knowledge is primarily research based.
C
Which of the following statements describes the difference between interval measurement and ratio measurement? a. Ratio measurement is used for continuous data, whereas interval measurement is used for noncontinuous data. b. Ratio measurement uses numeric values without fixed meaning, whereas interval measurement uses numeric values with fixed meaning. c. Interval measurement scales have a zero point that is not absolute, whereas ratio measurement scales have an absolute zero point. d. Interval measurement uses numeric values with equal intervals, whereas ratio measurement uses numeric values with unequal intervals.
A
Which of the following statements is true regarding the collection of qualitative data? a. Questionnaires are an economical way to collect anonymous data. b. researchers can probe for more data when using questionnaires than when using interviews. c. Focus groups can be led by anyone interested in the subject. d. Researchers should never interact with individuals they are observing.
A
Which of the following types of decision-making studies is most likely to be used to ensure that an innovation is practical and useful for point-of-care practice? a. Pilot b. Initial trial c. Test case d. Case study
b, c, d
Which of the following would be considered when appraising qualitative studies? (select all that apply) a. validity and reliability b. audit trail c. thick description d. participants are experienced in the phenomena
a, c, d
Which of the following would be considered when appraising quantitative studies? (select all that apply) a. representativeness of the sample b. trustworthiness c. sample size d. control over extraneous variables
D
Which of the following would most likely be gathered using dichotomous measurement? a. Educational level b. Weight c. Exam scores d. Marital status
D
Why is dissemination of new knowledge from research findings important to building evidence-based practice? a. Knowledge dissemination improves scientific development of theory b. Nurses are responsible for meeting requirements of institutions. c. Innovation results from adequate funding of research studies. d. Knowledge needs to be shared and used to improve patient care.
A
Why is grouped data presented more often than ungrouped data? a. Grouping data into smaller classifications makes it easier to interpret. b. Overlapping categories can be used to analyze grouped data. c. Nominal and ordinal data cannot be interpreted unless the data are grouped. d. Grouping data results in some loss of information.
B
Writing an editorial for a newsletter on a health topic in your area of certification helps promote the profession by: a. giving back to the profession b. making nursing more visible c. developing self-knowledge d. creating new knowledge.
1. formal 2. informal 3. formal 4. informal 5. formal
identify the following as either formal or informal means of developing oneself as a professional. 1. attending conferences 2. finding a mentor 3. enrolling in graduate education 4. reading a journal 5. attending a mandatory in-service
a, c, e
inferential statistical tests are used to (select all that apply) a. make assumptions about the population b. describe the sample with means and standard deviations c. test hypotheses by asking if there are differences between the groups d. select a sample e. determine whether results occurred by chance
a, b, d
new knowledge is effectively disseminated through (select all that apply) a. papers b. posters c. proclamations d. presentations
d
the most commonly used alpha level in nursing research is: a. .001 b. .0001 c. .005 d. .05
C
the most frequent data value in a set of data is the: a. mean b. median c. mode d. average
b, d
when a researcher accept the null hypothesis when it really should have been rejected, the researcher: (select all that apply) a. committed a type I error b. committed a type II error c. obtained significant results d. obtained nonsignificant results
a, b, d
when attending a conference, which of the following behaviors are acceptable? (select all that apply) a. wear business attire b. keep cell phones on silent or vibrate c. feel free to come in and out of sessions at will d. share business cards with other attendees
A
when data have no outliers, researchers prefer to report the: a. mean b. median c. mode d. magnitude
a, b
when delivering oral presentations, presenters should do which of the following (select ATA) a. respect time constraints b. remain to the end of the paper session to network c. read from the PowerPoint slides d. ad-lib to make the presentation more conversational
B
when making a poster, which unit of the following should you do? a. use full sentences and avoid bullet points b. use color to emphasize important points c. use fancy or script font because viewers find them attractive d. avoid including acknowledgment of funding sources because of space limitations
a, c, d
which of the following are ANA Nursing Quality Indicators (select all that apply) a. pressure injury prevalence b. patient satisfaction with pain management c. staffing and workforce indicators d. ventilator associated pneumonia
a, d
which of the following are characteristics of an innovator? (select all that apply?) a. sense of curiosity b. cynical nature c. inflexible d. self-aware
a, b, c, d
which of the following are considerations when selecting outcomes? (select all that apply) a. organizational mission b. publicity reported benchmarks c. type of patients served at healthcare facility d. expertise of team members
a, c, d, f
which of the following are ethical behaviors? (select all that apply) a. reading journal articles for a club meeting b. skipping the afternoon conference sessions to go shopping c. providing an accurate and meticulous resume d. sharing information at a staff meeting about a new innovation that you heard about at a conference e. ignoring at student assigned to your unit who has a question about a procedure f. reporting a nurse who recorded vital signs when in fact they were not measured
b, c, d
which of the following are strategies that are helpful when beginning to write a paper? (select all that apply) a. writing 15-30 minutes a week b. collaborating with others c. selecting a journal for submission d. adapting a poster presentation
a, b, c
which of the following are ways to engage others in transitioning evidence to practice? (select all that apply) a. journal club b. collaborating with an APN c. developing care maps d. maintaining status quo
D
which of the following statements is false? a. Journals, books and websites are available to assist nurses in selecting outcomes b. NOC outcomes could be used in evaluation plans c. Benchmarking is a way to compare facility with national data d. clinical guidelines are only suggestions and are not evidence based
a, b, c
which of the following strategies reduce uncertainty during decision making? (select all that apply) a. pilot testing b. reviewing samples c. listening to the opinions of peers d. relying of intuition
