Membrane Potential #1
ICF
A- proteins are always found in the ___
-70mv
resting membrane potential (the combination of both)
sodium potassium pump
sodium and potassium are kept in place of location due to the ____ ____ ______
3 Na ions, 2 K ions
the Na/K pump transports ____ out of the cell for every ____ pumped into the cell
ECF, ICF
the ____ ends up with more positive charged ions than the ____
chemical
the ____ gradient is stronger
concentration gradient/ electrical gradient
the _____ ____ wants to move sodium ions into the cell. the ____ _____ wants to move sodium out of the cell
sodium, potassium, proteins
the ions in the selective plasma membrane are mostly ____, ____, and negatively charges intracellular ______
nerve, muscle
the membrane potential produces _____ impulses and ____ cell contractions
-90mv (the negative means the "inside")
the membrane potential when potassium is at equilibrium
-70mv
the resting potential of a nerve cell is about _____ *****important
membrane potential
the separation of opposite charges on either side of the plasma membrane that have potential to do work. very important for the body to work
antions/cations
there are different amounts of ____/_____ in the ECF/ICF
opposing forces
___ ____ also work on sodium ions
work
___ must be performed to keep different charges apart
negative
___ sign means ICF more negative than ECF
secretory cells
____ _____ might use membrane potentials to alter secretions
resting membrane potential
____ ______ _____ exists in non-excitable cells and excitable cells at rest
sodium, potassium, leak channels
____ and _____ are able to passively diffuse (leak) through the plasma membrane a little bit. Easier for potassium due to greater numbers of _____ _______
sodium
____ is found in the ECF at rest
potential
____ is measured in volts
potassium
_____ is found in the ICF at rest
positive
_____ sign means ICF more positive than ECF
excitable
_____ tissue has the ability to produce rapid, temporary changes in membrane potential. includes nerve and muscle cells
electrical signals
as membrane potential is charged, _____ _____ are sent throughout the cell
opposing forces
chemical and electrical gradients are ____ _____ which are constantly working on potassium ions
60mv
equilibrium for sodium is ____
selective plasma membrane
ions are kept unequally distributed in the ICF vs ECF by the _____ _____ _______. this is how we separate the ions
sodium, potassium
lots of leak channels for ____ to get out, little leak channels for ____
millivolts
membrane potential in our cells are so low we measure in ______
quick, temporary
membrane potentials are ____ but _____
leak channels
potassium is able to flow out of the cell through ____ ______
volts
potential is measured in ____
ICF
overall negative charge for potassium
ECF
overall positive charge for potassium
attract, potassium, electrical gradient
negatively charges proteins in the ICF _____ the positively charged potassium ions. concentration repels ____ out of cell. _____ attracts potassium into cell
membrane potentials
nerve and muscle cells use their ____ _____ to transmit signals
equilibrium
once K flow stops, ____ is reached. chemical and electrical gradients are balanced
electrical force
once charges are separated, the ___ ____ of attraction can be harnessed to perform work
electrical
once sodium exits the cell, the _____ gradient get stronger