finals - nutrition

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

olive oil

refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories true or false

true

the heimlich maneuve is a simple and effective first aid technique to use when an adult or child is choking true or false

true

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________.

vitamin D

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.

vitamin K; bleeding

what organ is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?

thyroid gland directly involved: kidney, lung, skin

Iron deficiency is more common in young female athletes than in young male athletes, T or F

true

People with binge-eating disorder often suffer from psychological illnesses such as depression. T or F

true

Treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists, registered dietitian nutritionists and sometimes prescribing FDA-approved medications. T or F

true

Carbohydrate-loading involves manipulating dietary and physical activity patterns three to seven days before an athletic event to increase muscle glycogen stores T or F

TRUE

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a degenerative brain disorder that most often occurs in alcoholics. The condition is a result of a deficiency in ________.

thiamin

The human body can withstand short-term fasting, because the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles can be used as a source of energy. True or False

true

fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full true or false

true

Oleic acid is a fatty acid with one double bond in its structure. Oleic acid is therefore a ________ fatty acid.

monounsaturated

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the ___

mucosa

Gregg's BMI is 34.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the _____ range. -obese class I -obese class III -obese class II -overweight

obese class I

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? -Chylomicron -VLDL -LDL -HDL

LDL

The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol. TRUE or False

TRUE

what fat-soluble vitamin has an antioxidant activity?

Vitamin E

in the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into _____ molecules that can be absorbed.

glucose

when muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy they may store some of the excess as

glycogen

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? -enriched breads -green leafy vegetables -citrus fruit -processed poultry products

green leafy vegetables

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? -ground beef -whole grains -safflower oil -sunflower seeds

ground beef

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________. -has nitrogen in its chemical structure -is comprised of glucose units -provides more energy

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Libby was born without vary glands. As result of this condition, she .... -has trouble tasting food -digests food to rapidly -cannot tolerate eating cold foods -develops numerous stomach ulcers

has trouble tasting food

Risk factors for eating disorders include ________. -training to become a master chef -pursuing a college degree -having a history of frequent attempts to lose weight -being a physically active adolescent male

having a history of frequent attempts to lose weight

insulin -stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy -increases blood glucose levels after meals -helps glucose enter cells -is released during fasting periods, between meals

helps glucose enter cells

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

stomach

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease. The original pudding recipe is made with eggs, flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe. -apple juice; milk -tapioca; flour -honey; sugar -corn oil; butter

tapioca; flour

The RDA for iron for young men and women is 8 mg and 18 mg respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ______________ mineral.

trace

What are the 2 fatty acids that is an essential fatty acid?

-alpha-linolenic acid -linoleic acid

A fasting blood HDL cholesterol level of ____ is considered desirable for healthy women. -greater than 200mg/dL -less than 50 mg/dL -greater than 50 mg/dL -less than 30 mg/dL

DESIRABLE = greater than 50 mg/dL AT RISK = less than 50 mg/dL

Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

In the United States, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in males but not in females, true or false?

FALSE

Initial weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet results from the burning of stored body fat. T or F

False

________ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

antioxidants

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, healthy adults should consume ________. -no cholesterol -less than 200 mg cholesterol/day -as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet -less than 400 mg cholesterol/day

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should ________. -avoid drinking alcohol -drink less water -reduce his fiber intake -avoid drinking coffee

avoid drinking alcohol

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened and mixed with saliva, it is called

bolus

Which of the following is NOT a key role of iron in the body? -bone health -oxygen transport -immune system function -cell division

bone health

Dehydration can cause ________.

death

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa _________. -have high self-esteem -recover completely within one year of treatment -deny that they are too thin -are males between 16 and 30 years of age

deny that they are too thin

Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay. Recently, she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs. Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall, she did not break any bones. Which is most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?

drinking fluoridated water

The triglycerides and phospholipids in food undergo digestion primarily in the __________.

duodenum

Which of the following behaviors is a typical sign of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder? -regularly using laxatives to lose weight -eating only cooked pasta with grated cheese for several meals -binge eating daily for two months -frequently making oneself vomit after meals

eating only cooked pasta with grated cheese for several meals

the _____ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea

epiglottis

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program __________. -requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins, minerals and ephedra -reduces her metabolic rate by 20% -limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day -includes regular physical activity

includes regular physical activity

Each of the following will reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases except ____. -Increasing refined carbohydrate intake -Replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in the diet -Increasing fiber intake -Participating in a daily exercise

increasing refined carbohydrate intake

In the United States, _______ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

iron

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? -consuming dietary supplement daily -maintaining a BMI of 17.5 or less -having chronic digestive tract disorder -having a metabolic rate that is 10% to 25% above normal

maintaining a BMI of 17.5 or less

iodine is necessary for ______

maintaining normal thyroid function

the enzyme ______ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose

maltase

Which of the following compounds CANNOT be used for energy? -proteins -nucleic acids -carbohydrates -fats

nucleic acid

what organ produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion

pancreas

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________. -cushioning of the body against bumps and blows -help in the production of steroid hormones -serving as an energy source -stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends. She plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Libby should ________. -add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it -heat the milk to the boiling point, and let it cool before serving it -serve the milk in a clear glass container -store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time

store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time

which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g? -sucrose -saccharin -sucralose -stevia

sucrose

The liver needs vitamin K to ________.

synthesize prothrombin

which of the following statements is true? -after an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function -enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature -most enzymes have names that end with -ase -enzymes can function as electrolytes

enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature

One side effect of adding more protein to the diet is the development of edema (swollen tissues), true or false?

false

Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT _________. -fluid balance -cellular metabolism -blood clotting -transmission of nerve impulses

fluid balance

what minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries

fluoride

what vitamin is most important for red blood cell formation?

folate

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? -canned sardines -raw kale -fat-free yogurt -fried chicken

fried chicken

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________.

hypertension & CVD

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? -saltine crackers -peach -safflower oil -whole wheat bread

peach

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _______ ions. -hydride and bromide -iodide and sulfide -nitrogen and potassium -sodium and chloride

sodium & chloride intracellular = extracellular =

The amount of saturated and trans fat in soft margarines is less than the amount in hard margarines or butter, true or false?

true

list the 4 fat soluble vitamins

vitamin A,D,E,K

Why are vegans at risk for B12 deficiency?

They do not consume animal products, which are the main sources of vitamin B12.

Being underweight reduces a person's risk of illness and infection. T or F

True

Eating foods that supply omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk of developing heart disease, true or false?

True

Sulfur is essential for the activity of several enzymes in the human body. True or False

True

Unlike people with anorexia nervosa, people with binge-eating disorder can be normal weight, overweight or obese. T or F

True

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true? -All of the choices are correct. -Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein. -Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child. -Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries.

all are correct

Gastric bypass surgery can increase a person's risk of osteoporosis. T or F

true

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________.

vitamin C

Which of the following statements about selenium is false? -Selenoproteins require selenium to function and serve as antioxidants. -Selenium is important for reproduction. -Selenium is important for DNA synthesis. -Selenium is a major mineral.

selenium is a major mineral

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should _________. -avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights, and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat e -increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates and take a multivitamin/multi-mineral supplement -supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more that 10% of total kilocalories -add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts peanut butter and olive oils

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts peanut butter and olive oils

Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the following do you recommend? -select a bran cereal for breakfast -use whole wheat pasta -add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes -snack on fresh fruit -all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6, and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing _______. -muscle dysmorphia -diabulimia -an eating disorder -the female athlete triad

an eating disorder

A primary function of the digestive system is the _______

breakdown of food into nutrients

____________ is an eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating followed by purging behaviors.

bulimia nervosa

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________. -cardiovascular disease -addison's diease -elevated HDL cholesterol -low LDL cholesterol

cardiovascular disease

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as ________. -catabolic -anabolic -dynamic -tricyclic

catabolic = break down anabolic = build up

Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape", also known as ________.

central-body obesity

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance. With that in mind, which of the following do you recommend? -avoid yogurt due to the high concentration of lactose -consume 2-3 cups of cow's milk daily -select soft cheeses rather than hard cheeses -consume lactose-free milk

consume lactose-free milk

if your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be____ -metabolized to form of urea and excreted by the kidneys -eliminated in feces -converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy -converted into fat and stored

converted into fat and stored

Jeanette is a vegan concerned about her iron intake. Which of the following practices would you recommend to Jeanette to increase her iron intake from plant foods? -drinking more milk and avoiding in-between-meal snacks -taking zinc, calcium and selenium supplements daily -adding cheese to salads and sandwiches -cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

Lydia's diet lacks ________, which is classified as a trace mineral -potassium -calcium -copper -phosphorus

copper

Which of the following is not a health condition typically associated with overweight and obesity? -gallbladder disease -type 2 diabetes -liver cancer -gout

gout

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program _________. -gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities -should be performed once a week to avoid boredom -relies on resistance training -should be performed for at least 90 minutes daily to be effective

gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities

Benefits of a vegetarian diet include all the following EXCEPT_____. -lower saturated fats -lower body weight -low cost -helps maintain proper vitamin B12 levels in the body

helps maintain proper vitamin B12 levels in the body

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? -In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

in general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate _________. -iron -potassium -magnesium -calcium

iron

Which of the following statements about normal weight obesity is false? -It is characterized by high body fat. -It is most common in those who are physically inactive. -It has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. -It is a condition associated with high muscularity and high BMI.

it is a condition associated with high muscularity and high BMI

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic? -yoga -jogging -playing golf -gardening

jogging

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should be added? -legumes (black beans) -liver -milk -white rice

legumes

Bernard recently started following a vegan diet. What is a possible disadvantage to following such a diet? -low intake of saturated fats -high intake of phytochemicals -high intake of vitamins C and E -low intake of certain minerals, including zinc, iron, and calcium

low intake of certain minerals, including zinc, iron, and calcium

Mark often describes his body shape as a "pear shape", also known as _____

lower-body obesity

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein? -Slice of American cheese -Peanut butter on crackers -½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks -Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots

peanut butter on crackers

People with bulimia nervosa are likely to have all of the following except _____________. -personality disorder -low self-esteem -depression -positive feelings about their body shape

positive feelings about their body shape

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables and grains. Based on this information, Foster's diet lacks ________ -phosphorus -potassium -sodium

potassium

the ____ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine

pyloric

In the human body, water is involved in ________ . -providing energy for physical activities -making mineral nutrients -protecting DNA from oxidizing agents -regulating body temperature

regulating body temperature

The ____________ is the primary site for digestion and absorption of lipids.

small intestine

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract? -gastrin stimulating HCl acid production in the stomach -pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine -chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth -salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth

chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

the reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should... -consume energy drinks instead of coffee -replace regular soft drinks with plain water -consume more refined sources of carbohydrates -increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup

replace regular soft drinks with plain water

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? -Hypertension -Low body fat -Female sex -Normal blood cholesterol levels

hypertension

which of the following statements is true? -most americans do not consume enough dietary fiber -dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat -most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together -scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil

most americans do not consume enough dietary fiber

For lunch today, Quentin ate a turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of pretzels, and an apple. He also drank a 20 oz fluid orange sports drink. Which component of his lunch would be considered a source of empty calories? -turkey -whole wheat bread -pretzels -sports drink

sports drink

Which of the following statements is true? -Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. -Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. -Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings. -People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.

people can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins

Which of the following is NOT true about water? -Water is an essential nutrient. -Water is necessary for elimination of waste from the body. -Water is necessary for immune function. -Water plays a role in regulation of body temperature.

water is necessary for immune function

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false? -sphincters are thickened regions of circular muscle -when a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents -sphincters are essential for normal digestion -sphincters are important for controlling the flow of the contents through the GI tract

when a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents