Fire Science 102 final
__________ led to the formation of the U.S. Fire Administration and the National Fire Academy, which were charged with developing training and education courses and materials.
America Burning
The division within the fire department or within the fire prevention bureau that oversees every building and structure from the time it starts as a blueprint, through to construction, renovation, and finally destruction by demolition or fire may be referred to as any of the following EXCEPT the:
Bureau of Standards
__________ is used to measure a fire investigation unit's effectiveness.
Case closure rate
From 2005 to 2007, portable heater fires in residential buildings accounted for an estimated average of 900 fires in the United States each year, which resulted in an average of approximately 45 deaths, 100 injuries, and $48 million in property loss. How are these losses related to property maintenance codes?
Central heating systems that do not conform to property maintenance codes lead tenants to seek other, more dangerous, means of heating.
__________ means to authenticate or vouch for.
Certify
As a fire prevention bureau manager, you are having a difficult time retaining well-trained civilian personnel. What is the most likely reason for this situation?
Civilian personnel are dissatisfied from having witnessed their fire fighter counterparts compete for promotional opportunities that are not available to them.
Which is NOT a characteristic of an effective records management system?
Complexity
Which is NOT included in an operating budget?
Construction and renovation costs
A fire department will respond to which of the following emergencies?
Corrosive liquid spill, child stuck in a wall, and emergency medical service required following a car crash.
You are charged with promoting fire safety to the public. Which method would be most likely to foster positive changes among the public?
Discussing the importance of establishing a fire escape plan on a local news broadcast taped in front of a house that just burned
__________ heating, lighting, ventilation, and electrical distribution equipment are major causes of fire.
Faulty or improperly maintained
__________ was first observed on October 9, 1911, at the suggestion of the Fire Marshal's Association of North American.
Fire Prevention Day
What is the final step to performing a community risk analysis?
Identify target areas of the population
Who commonly performs the preliminary fire investigation?
Initial fire department officer in charge
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Crime in the United States?
It is prepared every ten years.
__________ are usually considered too risky for anyone other than speculators
Junk bonds
Scene examination, documentation, evidence collection, interview and interrogation, post-scene investigation, and presentation are all areas covered by:
NFPA 1033, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator.
__________ are risks that are caused by acts of nature, such as hurricanes, tornados, floods, and earthquakes.
Naturally occurring risks
__________ is software that "reads" written documents when scanned and digitizes characters.
Optical character recognition
The __________ budget was the first to include specific standards of performance for government agencies.
Performance
__________ provide minimum standards for existing structures for light, ventilation, space, heating, sanitation, protection from the weather, life safety, and fire safety.
Property maintenance codes
_________ is a good starting point for learning how to perform a community risk analysis
Public Fire Education Planning: A Five-Step Process
__________ is another name for freedom of information laws.
Sunshine laws
The incident commander or __________ typically conducts an initial investigation into the origin and cause of every fire.
fire chief
Determining what data to collect and track is the __________ step in designing an electronic record keeping system.
first
The __________ year is the budget cycle year, often July 1 through June 30
fiscal
All of the following are human-created risks EXCEPT:
flooding
Meetings of the governing body and appointed boards and commissions must also comply with:
freedom of information and public access laws
In Public Fire Education Planning, A Five-Step Process, __________ is the process of using fire records and statistics to determine the most serious fire problems facing a community.
identification
You are working hard to develop a fire safety education program because your community has experienced a recent rash of fireplace-related residential fires. Why might it NOT be a good idea to base your entire program on this local trend?
the small sample size may not reflect an accurate picture of the potential hazard
Investigators and inspectors should be required to present __________ every time they seek admission to any premises or conduct interviews
their credentials
Investigators and inspectors should be required to present __________ every time they seek admission to any premises or conduct interviews.
their credentials
NFPA professional qualification standards can be used for:
training design and evaluation, certification, setting organizational policies, procedures, and goals.
A(n) __________ fee is a fee charged by a government organization for providing a specific service.
user
All of the following groups tend to be relatively more vulnerable to fire incidents EXCEPT:
young adult males.
__________ prohibit the deliberation of elected officials except in duly advertised public hearings.
State and federal Freedom of Information and Sunshine Acts
Within the court system, the prosecution's most difficult task is often proving __________ occurred.
arson
Government regulations for flame-resistant treatments for __________ are rooted in the methodical examination of fire scenes.
bedding, carpets, and children's sleepwear.
Fire prevention bureaus play a key role in ensuring that emergency plans and security measures developed by __________ do not conflict with emergency response procedures.
other government agencies, businesses,industry
The success of the job of protecting the public depends on selecting the best
people
The success of the job of protecting the public depends on selecting the best:
people
Although not necessarily available to the general public, all of the following are public records EXCEPT:
personal emails
One piece of demographic information that is NOT included in census data is:
proximity to a college or university
Inspection reports, notices of violation, plan review letters, permit applications are all examples of:
public records
Following the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, 50,000 people were evacuated from the complex. Search and evacuation were completed __________ after the explosion.
11 hours
The term hazardous materials first appeared in fire codes in the:
1980s and 1990s
Optical media such as CD-ROM and WORM have an estimated life of about __________ years
30
An 85-year-old's odds of dying by fire are nearly __________ times higher than a 20-year-old's.
5
Which of the following is an example of a successful fire prevention advertising message by the National Board of Fire Underwriters in the 1960s?
"Stop the Fifth Horseman"
Which would NOT be a result of the design step of Public Fire Education Planning, A Five-Step Process?
A list of the most serious fire problems facing a community.
You are called to investigate a fire at a residence in which a child died of smoke inhalation. After careful examination and dissection of the portable electric heater used in the child's room, you determine a faulty automatic shut-off sensor led the heater to overheat and become enflamed. What might result from this investigation?
A national recall of the portable electric heater
__________ was created in 1984 to establish standards for accounting by state and local governments
The Governmental Accounting Standards Board
Which is the best resource for finding detailed information on housing, population, and income in your community?
The U.S. Census Bureau's website
Which is an advantage of hiring uniformed employees for fire prevention bureau staff?
There is a known record of work experience.
Why is the fire prevention bureau sometimes considered a "finishing school" for chief officers?
They will work with the business community, the press, and community organizations.
Which of the following is NOT an ability of fire departments regarding hazardous materials?
To hear a hazardous materials release criminal's case in court
__________ are protected under the freedom of information and public access laws.
Trade secrets
Which is NOT included in a capital budget?
Utilities
__________ are frequently involved in fires and have been the scenes of numerous multiple-fire fighter fatalities, including one on December 4, 1999, where six firefighters were killed trying to rescue a couple they believed were inside but had already evacuated the building.
Vacant and abandoned properties
Which is NOT an example of a records management system?
a telephone
Within the court system, the prosecution's most difficult task is often proving __________ occurred
arson
Offering businesses __________ safety plans can assist business owners and increase the likelihood they will implement a fire safety plan.
boilerplate
The interest that governments pay when they borrow money is based on their:
bond rating.
Within fire departments where construction regulation has been fully integrated, chief mechanical, plumbing, and electrical inspectors and their staffs report to the:
building inspector.
A secure location must be provided for storage to prove a(n) __________ for physical evidence gathered at the scene of the fire.
chain of custody
Fire prevention bureaus within city fire departments should conform to the financial records system in use by their __________ finance department counterparts.
city
Fire prevention bureaus are often made up of a combination of uniformed and __________ employees
civilian
Fire department employees in a support position who are not trained fire fighters are:
civilian employees
Standard operating procedures must clearly state when and under what circumstances __________ are permitted to enter the fire scene or approach hazardous locations.
civilian employees
Fire departments that regulate construction typically employ:
civilian engineers or architects
Managers should __________ to ensure there is ample time to request and justify additional funding when unexpected spending occurs.
closely track expenditures
A demographic profile and a risk profile are the two components of a:
community risk analysis.
If you are performing a community risk analysis in a major metropolitan area that encompasses multiple jurisdictions and crosses state lines, you should:
compare your jurisdiction's data with other contiguous cities and counties.
Failure to retain the records in accordance with the regulations is a:
criminal act.
The ability to locate which type of record is essential to criminal and civil actions and can affect the outcome of a case?
inspection records, plan review records, and investigation records.
Fire investigation by __________ have generally been limited to fatal fires, potential criminal acts, and large losses.
insurance companies and private firms, local, state, and federal police agencies, and dedicate fire prevention bureau personnel
Fire prevention bureaus typically collect user fees for all of the following EXCEPT:
investigations.
Fire prevention bureau members who are charged with the preparation of hearing documents and scheduling must use great care and follow the __________ regarding advertisement of the hearing.
legal requirements
A fund category within a budget is called a:
line item.
The __________ budget provides strong control over spending because funds cannot be shifted between categories without approval.
line-item
When selecting and prioritizing a community's risks, aim to:
maximize the potential positive impact.
Successful fire prevention programs depend:
on well-trained personnel.
Senior citizens older than 70 years of age and children younger than 5 years of age together account for about __________ of all fire fatalities each year.
one-third
The __________ is the government financial plan that includes funding for the day-to-day operations of government, including salaries, utilities, rent, fuel, and transfer of payments.
operating budget
The adopted budget for the jurisdiction typically consists of the capital improvement budget and the:
operating budget.
Property maintenance code inspections have significant potential to reduce the rate of deaths and injuries, especially in jurisdictions with large stocks of:
rental properties
Developing __________ schedules allows you to justify spending once and then resubmit the justification every year.
replacement
In addition to public education programs, legislation and codes can prevent accidents and injuries. Examples of this include:
restricting or banning fireworks, requiring residential sprinklers, requiring residential smoke and carbon monoxide alarms.
A __________ is a written description of the risks faced by a population or community, and can include the risks that the entire population must manage or only those that a particular segment or part of the population must address.
risk profile
Fire and building codes require that vacant structures be __________ in order to prevent them from being used for unsafe or illegal activities.
secured or demolished
Abandoned structures may __________, which creates a difficult situation for fire fighters and can put them at risk.
serve as temporary shelters for individuals who are homeless
Uniforms of fire fighters and civilian employees should be:
slightly different, so civilians feel fully integrated while fire fighters still feel secure in their professional status.
Some local investigation units derive their law enforcement authority from the:
state fire marshal
The authority to establish an investigation unit with law enforcement powers generally originates within a:
state statute
The NFPA was formed in 1896 by engineers representing __________ in New England
stock insurance companies
Fire departments benefit from the technical knowledge of __________, who benefit from the knowledge of fire behavior and fire department tactics of the ___________.
structural engineers; fire department
In Public Fire Education Planning, A Five-Step Process, selection is the step that identifies the program's
target audience and available resources.
All of the following are examples of fire prevention suggestions based on conditions specific to a jurisdiction EXCEPT:
test your smoke alarm every month
Your community risk analysis should demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT:
that the risk has garnered national news coverage
America Burning was published in 1973 by:
the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.
Fire investigation units may receive federal assistance from all of the following EXCEPT:
the National Fire Waste Council.