Fire Science Ch 10
All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed immediately after a MAYDAY is broadcast
True
Before entering an IDLH environment, you must turn you SCBA on and be sure it is working with a full cylinder
True
Secondary searches use the same steps as primary searches
True
List 5 situations requiring a firefighter to call a MAYDAY
- air emergencies - lost/disorientation - entanglement - rapid fire development - collapse/trapped
List the three principals of air management
- always know how much air you have left - know your point of no return - inform you IC if you must exit
List 3 times when you should check your SCBA gauge to see how much air you have left
- before entering IDLH environment - when moving to one area to another - after periods of heavy work
List 3 limitations of thermal jmagers
- cannot detect a person under/behind furniture or on opposite sides of walls - cannot see through reflective surfaces (water) - may not dectect fires on below floors
List 3 basic firefighting skills that are considered essential survival skills/techniques during search and rescue operations
- forceable entry - air management - using hoselines to find your way out
List three conditions specific to search and rescue operations that should be communicated to crew members and/or your supervisor?
- location and extent of fire - changes in the heat levels - changes to fire behavior, spread, and growth
List three ways you can help rescuers find you if you are forced to shelter in place?
- shine a light to draw attention - communicate on radio - activate PASS alarm
List 3 instances when escaping to a safe haven is the best option
-Immediate threat of structural collapse -not a safe place to shelter -completely exhausted air supply
A "MAYDAY" is called when:
A firefighter is in immediate danger
Why must locating and isolating the fire be a priority before any search
Ensure fire does not spread beyond origin to protect firefighters and victims
An atmosphere is considered hazardous if it contains a hazardous gas in excess of 10 percent of the hazardous material's
Lower explosive limit
Which coupling on a hose line will indicate you are headed towards an exit
Male - goes towards water supply
If there is heavy smoke or extreme heat in a compartment that is being searched, rescuers should:
Move below the smoke level
If an exterior wall must be breached during search and rescue operations, rescue personnel:
Must coordinate with the IC and ventilation teams before making the opening
For firefighters, the environment may remain tenable as long as:
No evidence of structural collapse and heat levels stay within acceptable limits for the PPE and SCBA provided.
Panic, claustrophobia, and disorientation are effects of:
Obscured vision conditions
In which search method does the leader remain at a fixed point while searching team members spread out through a room to complete a search
Oriented-search method
Actions such as opening a bypass valve on a cylinder, sharing air, and breathing directly from the cylinder are:
Possible solutions to air emergencies
An advantage of marking with latch straps is that they:
Prevent the door from closing
When any evacuation signal is given, all exiting crews must:
Proceed to a designated safe area outside the collapse zone
VEIS is only intended for
Rapid rescue of victims and the isolation of individual rooms
An advantage of using thermal imagers during search and rescue operations is
See sources of heat through smoke and darkness
A safe haven is any area that
Is no longer considered a hostile environment
A tracking device set to search mode:
Displays the distance and direction toward another receiver (transmits through walls, floors, solid objects)
What acronym describes the mandatory tools carried by a rapid intervention crew
AWARE - air, water, a radio, extrication
When does the secondary search take place?
After the fire is under control
The AHJ should establish action levels that describe how firefighters should respond to high or low level alarms when preforming
Air monitoring
Where should you start the search on the fire floor
As close to the fire as possible
When you are seeking to escape and you locate a window you should
Ask command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse
List 2 things you should do to be physically and mentally prepared for survival during search and rescue operations
Basic skills, train for hazards
Search and rescue marks should be placed at the
Bottom 1/4 of the door
What should you do if you become entangled while trying to evacuate a building
Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself
If a downed firefighter has a functioning SCBA the RIC team should move the fire fighter
Cafefully, as to not dislodge the mask
Which action can protect the egress pathway during a search so the the search team can escape if conditions change rapidly
Closing doors to ensure flow path does not change
If you think your life is in immediate danger, transmit the MAYDAY signal and then:
Communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device
Which type of carry or drag is commonly used for children, but is not practical for unconscious adults?
Cradle-in-arms lift/carry
Firefighters use air-monitoring devices to:
Detect oxygen levels and hazardous substances
What is a rescuer's role in occupant self-evacuation?
Establishing a safe haven away from the structure
After locating a downed firefighter in an IDLH environment, what is the RICs priority
Exiting
A primary search is a slow, thorough search conducted after the fire is under control
False
During search and rescue operations, rescuers should not close doors
False
If air monitoring indicates that the oxygen level in the atmosphere is below 19.5 percent it is said to be an oxygen rich environment
False
Name 2 locations where sheltering in place would likely be used instead of evacuation
Hospitals, nursing homes (high roses)
Your point of no return is based on
How much air is required to exit/ how much air you consume
Under normal conditions, air management increases your work time, but if you are lost or trapped, it
Increases the amount of time you can survive trapped before you are rescued/escape
Why is breaching interior walls not a preferred method of escape?
It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates and additional flow path
In order to conduct an effective search operation, firefighters must know the
Layout or floor plan of the building
If you are near the downed firefighter when a MAYDAY transmission is made:
Listen closely for your orders after the transmission and do not freelance
Why should personal search behind doors and on the floor below the windows
Smoke may overcome occupants hole trying to escape. (Most people found within six feet of exits)
While in a structure searching for a downed firefighter, the RIC should:
Stop frequently and briefly remain silent
How does staying low to the floor improve survivability?
Temperatures are cooler and air may be less contaminated
During a wide-area search, every team member is equipped with a:
Tether line
Air monitoring is only useful as
The operators ability to interpret data and operate the device
Why should firefighters exit the IDLH before their low-pressure alarm activates?
The remaining air is insufficient to exit from deep inside a large structure and does not take into account emergencies that may be encountered
What types of tools and equipment do search and rescue personnel carry?
Thermal imagers and forcible entry tools
A minimum of ____ firefighters are needed to perform VEIS if using a ladder
Three
What is the purpose of a rapid intervention crew
To stand by whenever firefighters are in a hazard zone, they prepare to rescue firefighters trapped or injured
If there are only two team members in a hazard zone, they must leave together
True
What are the four steps in VEIS
Vent, enter, isolate, search
A bump test is performed to:
Verify that the air monitoring device is functioning properly
When might firefighters preform air monitoring?
When determining if the atmosphere is safe
Which search method employs the use of markers such as knots at regular intervals along the search line to indicate distance from the beginning of search line
Wide-area search method
In order to safely conduct a primary search, rescuers should:
Work in teams of two or more
If a fire is encountered in a room during search and rescue operations, rescuers should:
close the door and report conditions.
During a secondary search, a firefighter should:
not remove SCBA, until atmosphere is determined safe
Rooms or closet areas where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of heat, smoke, and toxic gases into that space are called:
safe havens
