First Aid Ch. 8-12

Osteoporosis is:

A gradual, progressive weakening of bone.

Which of the following is a signal of infection?

A red and swollen area around the wound

A person reports to you that she heard a snapping noise when she fell while bicycling. The person is cradling her arm, and her forearm looks bruised and swollen. She also tells you that her fingers feel cold and numb. You would suspect which of the following?

A serious musculoskeletal injury.

Which of the following is most likely to cause shock?

A severe allergic reaction

In which situation would you call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number?

A small child whose palm is burned by hot water

Muscle strains can be caused by lifting something too heavy or working a muscle too hard. What else is likely to cause a strain?

A sudden or uncoordinated movement

When applying a manufactured tourniquet, you would position the tourniquet at which area?

About 2 inches above the wound, but not on a joint

In anaphylactic shock, which of the following occurs?

Airways constrict

A person working in a factory has sustained an injury in which a portion of his thumb got caught in a cutting machine and became completely severed. You would identify this type of wound as:

Amputation

Proper care for a closed wound may include applying which of the following?

An ice pack for 20 minutes

Once a tourniquet is positioned around the limb and the strap is pulled tightly and secured in place, you tighten the rod until:

Any bright-red bleeding stops.

You are caring for an injured person who is bleeding from a wound on one arm. You have applied direct pressure to the wound, and placed a pressure bandage on the wound. Unfortunately, the bleeding continues and the pressure bandage is now soaked with blood. Which action would be most appropriate?

Apply an additional pressure bandage to absorb the blood and call 9-1-1.

In addition to keeping an infected wound area clean, what additional care would you give?

Apply an antibiotic ointment if no known allergies.

A person has sustained a contusion to his lower leg. Which of the following would you do?

Apply an ice pack to the injured area to help reduce pain and swelling.

Identify the correct order of steps when caring for a victim who is bleeding.

Apply direct pressure to the wound, then apply a pressure bandage.

When a person has an embedded object, you should control severe bleeding by doing which of the following?

Bandaging dressings around the object

A person has sustained a partial-thickness burn to his or her arm. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Blistering

An open fracture occurs when:

Bone ends cause the skin to tear.

Your neighbor is fertilizing his lawn using a dry chemical fertilizer. As he is placing the fertilizer on the ground, a large gust of wind blows fertilizer all over him. You approach him and he is breathing normally. You would start care by:

Brushing the fertilizer from him with a cloth or gloved hand.

A child was playing on an outdoor gym set when the child suddenly fell off, landing hard on the ground. The child is conscious and lying on the ground but is reporting some tingling in his hands and feet. There is no obvious swelling, although the skin on one side of the child's neck appears discolored. Which action would be most appropriate?

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

The microscopic vessels that serve to transfer oxygen and nutrients from the blood into the cells are called:

Capillaries

Which of the following would you do when applying a roller bandage?

Check feeling, warmth and color of the area below the injury site, before and after application.

Which is the first step you should take when preparing to give care to a person with burns?

Check to see if the scene is safe.

An occlusive dressing may be made from which of the following?

Clean plastic wrap

A person appears to have a lump near his elbow. How might you determine if the lump is a deformity?

Compare one elbow to the other.

Which condition would be least likely to contribute to shock?

Constricting and dilating blood vessels

A friend has a severe cut on her arm. After a few days of caring for the cut, your friend says she is not feeling well and shows you red lines starting at the cut and progressing up her arm. She asks your advice on what to do next. You should tell your friend to:

Contact her physician to determine further care.

When giving care to a person in shock, which of the following would be most helpful in minimizing shock?

Covering the person with a blanket

A person sustains a musculoskeletal injury resulting from being hit in the arm by a baseball. This is an example of which type of force as the cause of the injury?

Direct

A person tells you that he fell and now cannot move his shoulder. He is also complaining of severe pain in the area. You notice a bump in the area that would normally not be present. You would suspect that the person is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Dislocation

You would apply ice or a cold pack to all suspected musculoskeletal injuries except when:

Doing so would require putting pressure on an open fracture.

Which type of bandage can easily restrict blood flow if not properly applied?

Elastic roller bandages

Which type of burn may directly affect the heart?

Electrical burn

How often should you get a tetanus shot to protect against infection?

Every 5 to 10 years or when a wound is contaminated by dirt

True or false: You can typically judge the severity of a burn by the pain the person feels.

False

A chemical burn to the eye should be cared for by:

Flushing the eye with cool running water until EMS personnel arrive.

Which of the following best describes a joint?

Formed by the ends of two or more bones coming together

You have applied direct pressure to a bleeding wound on a person's forearm and have covered the dressing with a bandage. You would check for circulation at which location?

Hand

You want to help a person who is bleeding from a cut on the forehead but you do not have any disposable gloves to wear as a protective barrier. How should you care for this person?

Have the injured person apply pressure with his or her hand

You are giving care to a person in shock but you are unsure as to what injuries the person may have. You would:

Have the person lie flat.

One of the major functions of blood is to:

Help maintain a constant body temperature.

One purpose of using a bandage is to:

Hold dressings in place.

A person who has been ill with severe vomiting and diarrhea is at risk for which type of shock?

Hypovolemic

You are giving care to a person who has been stabbed in his or her leg. The wound is bleeding profusely and you determine that the person is showing signs of shock. You would identify this type of shock as:

Hypovolemic

When would you seek immediate medical attention for a person with a closed wound?

If a victim cannot move without pain, or the force that caused the injury was great enough to cause serious damage.

A splint is a device that maintains an injured part in place if the person must be moved. To be effective, which of the following would you do when splinting an injury?

Include the joints above and below the injury site.

A person is developing shock resulting from an injury that has caused severe bleeding. Which of the following would occur first?

Increased heart rate

You are caring for a person who was involved in an automobile accident. The woman is complaining of pain in her abdomen, nausea and extreme thirst. She also is breathing rapidly. Which of the following would you suspect?

Internal bleeding

When immobilizing an injury, which of the following is the most important to do?

Keep the injured area in the position found.

The fibrous bands that hold bones together at joints are called:

Ligaments

Which of the following best describes a full-thickness burn?

May destroy nerves and muscles

A person has been involved in a motor vehicle accident and has experienced trauma to his spinal cord. You would be alert for which type of shock?

Neurogenic

You are caring for a person who is in shock. The person tells you he or she is very thirsty and asks you for something to drink. Which of the following would you give the person?

Nothing to drink or eat

You are preparing to apply a splint to a person's forearm. Which of the following would you do first?

Obtain the person's consent for treatment.

One function of the skeleton is to:

Protect vital organs and other soft tissues.

A gunshot wound is an example of which type of wound?

Puncture

Which type of wound is more readily infected by the bacteria that may cause tetanus?

Puncture wound

A student was playing a sport in gym class. She forgot, however, to remove a pair of large hoop earrings she was wearing. During the game, an earring was caught in another player's finger and the girl suffered a completely avulsed earlobe. After wrapping the earlobe in a clean dressing, what would you do next?

Put it in a plastic bag, then in an ice and water slurry.

You are preparing to control external bleeding on a person with a wound on the upper arm. Which of the following would you do first?

Put on disposable gloves.

Which is a signal of shock?

Rapid breathing

When immobilizing an injured extremity, which of the following would you least likely expect to accomplish?

Reduce circulation to the injured area

Bones are classified as:

Short, long, flat or irregular.

Which of the following would you be least likely to find with a closed wound?

Significant external bleeding

Which condition may result in shock?

Significant loss of blood

Which of the following best reflects a closed wound?

Skin surface is intact

A burn that only involves the top layer of skin is classified as which type?

Superficial burn

When splinting an injured body part, which of the following would you do?

Support the injured body part in the position found.

In general, you would avoid elevating a musculoskeletal injury in which situation?

Suspicion of a fracture that has not been immobilized

The ligaments in a joint:

Tend to resist joint movement.

You suspect that an injured person has a severe closed wound. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Tenderness and hardness in the injured area

How does the body initially respond to severe bleeding?

The body attempts to maintain an oxygen-rich blood flow to the vital organs

Which of the following would tend to suggest a serious musculoskeletal injury?

The lack of sensation in an extremity

When the biceps contract, the arm bends at the elbow joint. When the hamstrings contract:

The leg bends at the knee joint.

Blood volume refers to which of the following?

The total amount of blood circulating in the body

You have a severe cut on your knee. After a few days, you see red lines or streaks at the site of the wound. What is happening to the wound?

The wound has become infected.

Why does the heart beat faster when a person is in shock?

To compensate for inadequate blood flow

Severe bleeding is considered life threatening because:

Too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs.

The best care to defend against infection for a small abrasion is:

Using soap and water to clean the wound.

The most effective action you can take to minimize disease transmission when caring for a person with external bleeding is to:

Wear disposable gloves while giving care.

You should call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for a person in shock:

Whenever signals of shock are present.

Which blood component is outnumbered by red blood cells 1000 to 1?

White blood cells

You are waiting for EMS to arrive and are giving care to a person in shock. Which of the following would be the priority?

You are waiting for EMS to arrive and are giving care to a person in shock. Which of the following would be the priority?

Generally, musculoskeletal injuries are not life threatening. You should call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately, however, if which of the following conditions exist?

You see an obvious deformity.

Which of the following would be classified as a closed wound?

contusion

The layer of skin that contains nerves, hair roots, sweat glands and blood vessels is called the:

dermis

Shock occurs when an adequate amount of fluid is circulating to the vital organs.

false

The amount of swelling is a reliable signal of the severity of an injury.

false

True or false: After completing care for a major open wound, it is not necessary to wash your hands as long as you wore disposable gloves while giving care.

false

True or false: Care for a person with severe sunburn on the face includes applying antibiotic ointment.

false

You should move or straighten a limb before applying a splint, since leaving a broken limb in an unusual position can cause the victim additional pain.

false

You are preparing to apply a soft splint. Which of the following would be most appropriate to use?

folded towel

The care for a radiation burn such as a solar burn is similar to the care for which type of burn?

heat burns

An injured person suffers a puncture wound. You would anticipate that this person is at high risk for which of the following?

infection

_____ makes up the largest segment of the body's soft tissues.

muscle

Which blood component accounts for most of the solid part of blood?

red blood cells

Soft tissues include the:

skin, fat and muscles

Muscles are anchored to bones by:

tendons

Bleeding can be either internal (bleeding inside the body) or external (bleeding you can see coming from a wound).

true

Joints that move more freely are more prone to injury.

true

Skeletal muscles account for most of your lean body weight.

true