A&P Exercise 7, 8, 9
8. narrow opening*
fissure
openings providing for exit of spinal nerves
intervertebral foramina
12. air-filled cavity
sinus
how many bones of the skull are considered facial bones?
14 [single (vomer, mandible)] [double (maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae)]
Thick skin of the epidermis contains_______________ layers.
4 layers, 5 in stratum lucidum-palsm of hands, soles of feet
The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the: a. thoracic cage b. femur c. hip bones d. humerus
a
The seven bones of the neck are called_____________ vertebrae. a. cervical b. lumbar c. spinal d.thoracic
a
eight bones make up the ___, which encloses and protects the brain a. cranium b. face c. skull
a
dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (Ci)
axis
3. The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is: a. elastic b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline
b
All the following are functions of the skeleton except: a. attachment for muscles b. production of melanin c. site of red blood cell formation d. storage of lipids
b
_______________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis. a. Keratin c. Melanin b. Carotene d. Hemoglobin
b
Circle the correct underlined term.The body / spinous process of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.
body
scientific term of bone shaft
diaphysis
sweat gland with a role in temperature control
eccrine sweat gland
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE most springy and flexible
elastic
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE supports external ear
elastic
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE the epiglottis
elastic
major submembraneous sites of osteogenic cells
endosteum; periosteum
14. raised area on or above a condyle*
epicondyle
major skin area as a whole that produces derivatives (nails and hair)
epidermis
The skin has two distinct regions.The superficial layer is the _______________, and the underlying connective tissue is t h e _______________
epidermis, dermis
growth plate remnant
epiphyseal line
end portion of a long bone
epiphysis
bears an upward protrusion, the rooster's comb, or crista galli
ethmoid
site of cribriform plate
ethmoid
superior and middle nasal conchae form from its projections
ethmoid
four bones containing paranasal sinuses
ethmoid, frontal, maxillae, sphenoid
16. smooth, nearly flat articular surface*
facet
CircleTrue or False.The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.
false
10. CircleTrue or False. Cartilage has a covering made of dense irregular connective tissue called a periosteum.
false, periosteum covers bone
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE connects the ribs to the sternum
hyaline
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE forms the walls of the voice box
hyaline
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE most abundant
hyaline
small u-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscle-s attach
hyoid
tiny bones bearing tear ducts
lacrimals
_______________________________ granules contain glycolipids that prevent water loss from the skin.
lamellated
6. The femur is an example of a(n)____ a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short
long
bridge of nose
nasals
condyles here articulate with the atlas
occipital
foramen magnum contained here
occipital
most posterior part of cranium
occipital
8. The structural unit of compact bone is the: a. osteon b. canaliculus c. lacuna
osteon
posterior bones of the hard palate
palatines
layer of areolar connective tissue
papillary dermis
much of the lateral and superior cranium
parietals
structures that form the vertebral arch
pedicles and laminae
15. projection or prominence
process
6. armlike projection
ramus
site of blood cell formation
red marrow
composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally massive vertebra; weight-sustaining
sacrum; lumbar vertebra
Circle the correct underlined term. The ducts of sebaceous / sweat glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.
sebaceous
produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead
sebaceous gland
provide levers against which muscles pull
spinous process and transverse process
epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division
stratum basale
location of melanocytes and tactile (merkel) cells
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the: a. stratum basale c. stratum granulosum b. stratum spinosum d. stratum corneum
stratum corneum
layer including scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off
stratum corneum
two layers containing dead cells dermal layer of the skin (as a whole)
stratum corneum
transverse processes faceted for articulation with ribs; spinous process pointing sharply downward
thoracic vertebra
13. large, irregularly shaped projection*
trochanter
TRUE / FALSE Nails originate from the epidermis.
true
Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are th e _______________________________ glands.
apocrin
Circle the correct underlined term. Eccrine/ Apocrine sweat glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas
apocrine
less numerous type of sweat-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions
apocrine glands
tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold
arrector pili muscle
supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles
atlas
2. Circle the correct underlined term.The axial / appendicular skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.
axial
weight-bearing portion of the vertebrae
body
provide an articulation point for the ribs
body and transverse process
structures that form an enclosure for the spinal cord
body and vertebral arch
helps reduce friction at oints
bursae; tendon sheath
T h e _____________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. a. coccyx b. sacrum c. sternum
c
These cells produce a brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage.The cells are: a. dendritic cells c. melanocytes b. keratinocytes d. tactile cells
c
vertebra type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain
cervical tertebra -typical
"tail bone"; vestigial fused vertebrae
coccyx
4. Circle the correct underlined term. Compact / Spongy bone looks smooth and homogeneous.
compact
7. rounded, articular projection
condyle
3. narrow ridge of bone*
crest
specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, etc.
cutaneous receptors
A fontanelle: a. is found only in the fetal skull b. is a fibrous membrane c. allows for compression of the skull during birth d. all of the above
d
All the following are functions of the skin except. a. excretion of body wastes b. insulation c. protection from mechanical damage d. site of vitamin A synthesis
d
T h e _____________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs. a. cervical b. lumbar c. spinal d.thoracic
d
The portion of a hair that projects from the surface of the skin is known A. bulb b. matrix c. root d. shaft
d
Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called_______________________________
dendritic cells
major skin area as a whole that has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers
dermis
What anchoring junctions hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?_________
desmosomes
Circle the correct underlined term.The shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis / diaphvsis.
diaphysis
9. CircleTrue or False. Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.
false; hyaline cartilage
Fibers in the dermis are produced by_______________________________
fibroblasts
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE between the vertebrae
fibrocartilage
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE menisicus in a knee joint
fibrocartilage
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE most effective at resisting compression
fibrocartilage
5. _______ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone, a. Flat b. Irregular c. Long d. short
flat
10. round or oval opening through a bone*
foramen
11. shallow depression
fossa
forehead bone
frontal
prim arily dead/keratinized cells (two responses from key)
hair and nails
sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues
hair follicle
5. structure supported on neck*
head
ELASTIC / FIBROCARTILAGE / HYALINE articular cartilages
hyaline
Circle the correct underlined term.The lower jawbone, or maxilla / mandible, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.
mandible
lower jaw
mandible
site of mental foramen
mandible
contain sockets bearing teeth
mandible, maxilla
anterior part of the hard palate
maxillae
9. canal-like structure
meatus
contains yellow marrow in adult bones
medullary cavity; yellow marrow
A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a ____________________
merkle cell
"sports" a lunule and a cuticle
nail
found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet (three responses from key)
sebaceous glands
secretes a lubricant for hair and skin
sebaceous glands
single, irregular, bat-shaped bone forming part of the cranial base
sphenoid
site of sella turcica
sphenoid
. sharp, slender process*
spine
What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?____________
stratum lucidum
layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear
stratum spinosum
lauer filled with intermediate filaments
stratum spinosum
organ of hearing found here
temporals
site of mastoid process
temporals
site of styloid process
temporals
2. small rounded projection*
tubercle
4. large rounded projection*
tuberosity
cavity enclosing the spinal cord
vertebral foramen
two bones that form the nasal septum
vomer
cheekbone
zygomatic