First Mid-Term EXAM
Pakistan controls ______% of Kashmir; India controls ______%
37%, 43%
Eight countries of South Asia
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
India's political parties are categorized into national parties and local parties. The national parties must meet the following standards:
The party must win at least 6 percent of the valid votes from at least 4 states in the general election and win 4 seats of the Lok Sabha from any states. Or the party must win 2 percent of 543 Lok Sabha seats or 11 seats from at least three states.
The Indian traditional language is ______, one of the Indo-European family of languages.
Sanskrit
Pakistan literally translates as
land of the pure
Since 1947, in terms of South Asia's political development, there are six guidelines. What are they?
*Geo-political Asymmetry and Imbalance of Regional Power; * Communalism and Sectarian Politics; * Overlapping of State-building and Nation-building; * Transformation from the Traditional Society to Modern Society; * Multi-Party System and Alliance politics; * Federalism and coalition government.
Please explain why The Pakistan Tehreek Insaf or Pakistan Movement of Justice can have developed into the second largest party in the 2013 national election.
1) Cricketer turned politician Imran Khan leads Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf under the slogan, "Change". 2) The Pakistan Movement for Justice (PTI) is a social democratic and radical political movement. The PTI claims to represent all Pakistanis regardless of religion, ethnicity, language or residence. 3) It aims to create a secular, democratic welfare state. 4) The PTI promotes a nationalist agenda, arguing that terrorism, extremism, and radicalization have increased since Pakistan joined the War on Terror.
In the recent elections in India's Delhi State, the Aam Aadmi Party or the Common Man's Party has won almost all the 70 seats. Can you explain why?
1) The Aam Aadmi Party emerged from the nation-wide anti-corruption movement. (The party's leader is one of the popular leaders in this anti-corruption movement. The party advocated a "clean hands" anti-graft agenda.) 2) The party is the young, idealistic party that champions local needs (- including clean water, electricity, free WiFi online, public toilets, professional education, and security for women.)
India's quest for political institution building based on the Westminster model of governance. There are three principles guiding India's political process. Would you please explain them?
1) Values of liberal democracy, (popular participation in political process with freedom of assembly and speech and express;) 2) Ideals of democratic socialism. (Responding to social and economic disparities in the society, aiming at achieving some degree of social and economic equality, with the State helping the poor;) 3) Principles of secular nationalism. (Defusing the communal tensions and Muslim-Hindu conflicts, nurturing social harmony.)
Facts of Indira Gandhi
Assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984, ruled from 1967 to 1984 (nearly 20 yrs of power)
Facts of Rajiv Gandhi
Became India's PM after his mother's death, assassinated by a female Tamil human bomber in 1991
___________ was the daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She became the president of the Pakistan Peoples Party and became Prime Minister in 1988-1990. She was assassinated during the election campaign in 2008.
Benazir Bhutto
___________ is the son of Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari , and the co-chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party.
Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
In the traditional Indian society, the social structure was based on the Caste System. There were four castes with their different social functions. Can you identify the four castes and their social functions?
Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (traders), and Sudra (menials). (India's traditional social structure was based on the Caste system in which the Brahmins (priests) and the Kshatriyas (warriors) occupied the highest positions; the Vaishyas (traders) the middle; and the Sudras (menials) the lowest. The caste system created the hierarchical social structure. Hinduism assert that Different castes are needed to perform different social functions. Hinduism has become the predominant religion in South Asia.)
What historic importance of the Lahore Resolution?
Called for the creation of a separate Muslim state for Muslims in British India. (All India Muslim League adopted a resolution at its annual meeting at Lahore in 1940, the well-known Lahore Resolution, calling for the creation of a separate Muslim state for the Muslims in British India. After the Lahore Resolution, the sentiment for dividing the British India grew rapidly.)
During the Muslim period of Indian history, the founding of the Mughal Empire was a great historic event in the 16th century. Please briefly introduce the achievements the Mughal rulers made. (6 achievements)
Conquered northern India, centralized administration, Delhi was the principal seat, Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire, Akbar consolidated rule of North India, Persian-speaking rulers patronized Urdu written in Persian script and spoke in Delhi. (The Mughal rulers conquered most of northern India and established a stable and centralized administration directed from Lahore, Agra, and Delhi. Delhi was then the principal seat of the Mughal Empire. The founder of the Mughal Empire was Babur who conquered Delhi in 1526. His grandson Akbar consolidated the rule of North India (1556-1605) and achieved political stability in the history of Muslim India. The Persian-speaking rulers patronized Urdu written in Persian script, and spoken in Delhi and its surrounding areas.)
Major Rivers of South Asia
Ganges (running through India and Bangladesh) and Indus
Pakistan controls 37% of the entire Kashmir called
Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir
Three periods of Indian history
Hindu period, Muslim period, and British period
Indian political parties have created three stable party alliances. They are:
INC-led United Progressive Alliance; BJP-led National Democratic Alliance The Third Front
Who is the current PM since the last election in 2018?
Imran Khan
The independent movement in British India was led by the two leading political parties before 1947. They were
Indian National Congress and All-India Muslim League
India has two most important national political parties since the end of the Cold War. They are
Indian National Congress and Bharativa Janata Party
Only daughter of the late PM Nehru
Indira Gandhi
The ______ River originates from the Tibetan Plateau, flowing through the entire Pakistan into the Arabian Sea.
Indus
Today India controls 43% of the entire Kashmir called _____ and ____.
Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh (two Union Territories, 2019)
After India's independence, the first prime minister was
Jawaharlal Nehru
The capitals of the eight South Asian countries are
Kabul, Dhaka, Thimphu, New Delhi, Male, Kathmandu, Islamabad, and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte(Administrative) /Colombo (Commercial)
The founding father of India is
Mahatma Gandhi
The founding father of Pakistan is
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
____________ has become India's prime Minister since the BJP won the general election in 2014. He was the former chief minister of Gujarat and blamed of failing to prevent the Hindu-Muslim riots but praised for his successful economic policies in the State.
Narendra Modi
Language of South Asia
National language, but protests from minority ethnic groups so later they tried to avoid national and use the word "official" (English is one and another is Hindi for India, for Pakistan it is Urdu and English)
Location of South Asia (N,S,W,E)
North - Himalayans South - Indian Ocean Western - Hindi Kush mountains and Arabian Sea Eastern - Myanmar, Naga Mountains, Bay of Bengal
Pakistan is geologically divided into three regions. They are
Northern Highlands, the Indus River Plain, and the Balochistan Plateau
Pakistan has three leading political parties. They are
Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) or PML (N), Pakistan People's Party or PPP. And The Pakistan Movement of Justice, or Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf (PTI
The founder of _________ is _________ who has become the prime Minister of Pakistan since the last general election in 2018.
Pakistan Tehreek Insaf, Imran Khan
India is geologically divided into Three Regions. They are
Plains of North India, the Deccan Plateau, and the South India
___________ is the general secretary of the All-India Congress Committee in charge of Uttar Pradesh. She is the daughter of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, sister of Rahul Gandhi, making her a member of the politically prominent Nehru-Gandhi family.
Priyanka Gandhi Vadra
The creation of Pakistan is based on Islam, but Pakistan is composed of five major politically significant ethnic groups. What are they and where they live ?
Punjabis, Sindhis, Paktuns, Baloch, and Muhajirs (Indian Muslims who opted for Pakistan during the partition, and). (The Punjabis live in Punjab Province and speak Punjabi; The Sindhis live in Sindh Province and speak Sindhi; The Baloch live in Baluchistan and speak Balochi; The Pakhtuns live in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province and speak Pushto; The Muhajirs live in the urban areas, particularly in Karachi, and speak Urdu.)
____________ is Sonia Gandhi's son and was the President of the Indian National Congress in 2017-2019. He resigned from the party presidency after the party suffered the defeat in the general election held in 2019.
Rahul Gandhi
Eldest son of Indira Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi
The founding of Pakistan is based on Islam. Pakistani political elites have been divided into two schools of Muslim nationalism. What are they? What has each school advocated in building an Islamic republic in Pakistan?
Religious Islamists and Secular Nationalists (Religious Islamists favor enforcement of Islamic law and Islamic practices in various fields of national life. They favor severing ties with Western society and culture. Their goal is to restructure Pakistan in accordance with what an Islamic state should be. Secular nationalists restrict the role of Islam in a Muslim state. They favor developing a modern state along the secularist lines of the West.)
____________ is the widow of the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and the interim president of the Indian national Congress. She has not become the Prime Minister because of her foreign birth. She was born in Italy in 1946. Her husband was assassinated in 1991. She has ruled India National Congress as interim president because her son Rahul Gandhi resigned from party's presidency, so party leaders asked her to assume role.
Sonia Gandhi
South Asian countries established a regional cooperation organization in 1985. It is named as _______
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
After independence in 1947, Pakistan promulgated three constitutions respectively in 1956, 1962 1nd 1973. Can you identify the most remarkable differences between them?
The 1956 constitution is based on the parliamentary system; The 1962 constitution is based on the presidential system; The 1973 constitution is again based on the parliamentary system,
This party won 67 seats of the total 70 seats while the BJP as India's ruling party won only 3 seats in the Delhi Assembly election 1n 2014
The Aam Aadmi Party or the Common Man's Party is a new populist party
Please identify the major heritages of the British rule in India.
The British rule was finally established in 1858. The British established control over India, achieved territorial integration, and a centralized administration. (*The English language was used in administrative, judiciary and education institutions. English brought the Indian upper classes in contact with the West civilizations, injecting it into India's ancient civilization. *The democratic ideals of liberty, equality and social justice took root among the Indian intellectuals.)
Pakistani Party politics was characterized with five remarkable features.
They are Regionalism, personalism, factionalism, religious extremism, and military rule.
During the Hindu period in Indian history, the Hindu valley civilization was nurtured and nourished. There were two great Hindu scriptures and two great epics. They influenced the Hindus religiously, culturally, and socially. What are they?
Veda and Darshanas, Ramayana and Mahabharata (The Veda is the early Hindu scripture and the oldest known literature in any Indo-European language. The Darshanas provides the intellectual heritage of the Hindus. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the two great epics, were composed in Sanskrit and have profound influence on the Hindus.)
___________ was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party in 1967. He became the president and Prime Minister of Pakistan after the dismemberment of Pakistan in 1971 and 1973. He was hanged in the prison in charge of murder after the military coup in 1979.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
India's political system is the
parliamentary system
South Asia is geographically located between
the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean and between the Hindu Kush and Iran and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar
The parliament of India consists of
the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
