fitness assessment and design quiz 4

A client should be referred to a physician for medical clearance to begin an exercise program if he or she answers yes to _____ or more of the follow-up question(s) on the 2018 PAR-Q+. The 2018 PAR-Q+ is not to be used for health screening. 2 4 3 1

1

Tachycardia is a fast heart rate and is defined as a resting rate that exceeds 100 bpm 70 bpm 90 bpm 120 bpm 80 bpm

100 bpm

For weight loss programs, the combined daily caloric deficit due to calorie restriction and extra exercise should not exceed _________ kcal 1000 800 900 1200

1000

Although body fat standards vary slightly with age and activity level, which of the following ranges best represents a recommended healthy body fat percentage for adult women? 12% to 25% anything less than 24%; no minimal value 20% to 28% 11% to 15% 16% to 29%

16 to 29%

Your client's current weight, fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (%BF) is 202 lb, 149.5 lb, 26%, respectively. His goal is a %BF of 16%. Assuming no change in FFM, what is his target weight? 170 lb 187 lb 178 lb 182 lb 196 lb

178 lb

Underweight has been defined as a BMI value less than 20 kg/m2 No minimal BMI standard has been defined. 18.5 kg/m2 16 kg/m2 14.5 kg/m2

18.5 kg/m2

A deficit of approximately how many kilocalories (kcal) is needed to lose one pound of body fat? 1,800 kcal 3,500 kcal 1,200 kcal 2,400 kcal 3,000 kcal

3,500 kcal

When selecting the blood pressure cuff, experts recommend using a cuff with a bladder width that is ____% of the measured upper-arm circumference and a bladder length that encircles at least ____% of the arm circumference. 50; 100 35; 60 40; 80 25; 50

40; 80

To maintain weight and to prevent unhealthy weight gain, the recommendation is 30 to 45 minutes of vigorous exercise 2 days per week 30 to 45 minutes of walking at light to moderate intensity 3 to 5 days per week 45 to 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise on most, preferably all, days of the week 20 to 30 minutes of walking at moderate intensity 3 to 5 days per week

45 to 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise on most, preferably all, days of the week

Resting energy expenditure accounts for ____________ of total daily caloric needs depending on the activity level and occupation of the person. 20% to 35% 40% to 50% 50% to 70% 75% to 80%

50-70%

Plan to produce a calorie deficit of 700 to 800 kcal per day by reducing the calorie intake by ________kcal per day and increasing the calorie expenditure by ________ kcal per day through exercise. 400; 300 to 400 700; 100 600; 100 to 200 500; 200 to 300

500; 200 to 300

Overweight adolescents have a _________ probability of becoming overweight adults if one or both parents are overweight or obese. 30% 80% 50% 95%

80%

Which prospective participant needs to obtain a physical examination and signed medical clearance from a physician before starting an exercise program? A client whose resting blood pressure is 155/80 A client on medication for heart disease A client with a history of ankle sprain 18 months ago A client with back pain while sitting in a chair at work

A client on medication for heart disease

When conducting a comprehensive health evaluation, which of the following is in the correct sequence for the step-by-step procedures? Measure resting blood pressure and heart rate, administer the PAR-Q+, evaluate client's lifestyle profile, and assess client's current exercise participation history. Administer the PAR-Q+, evaluate client's medical history, evaluate client's lifestyle profile, and measure client's resting blood pressure and heart rate. Greet patient, evaluate client's lifestyle profile, evaluate the PAR-Q+, evaluate client's medical history, and refer for medical clearance, if needed. Evaluate client's medical history, assess the client's coronary risk factors, obtain client's informed consent, and evaluate and classify client's lipoprotein levels.

Administer the PAR-Q+, evaluate client's medical history, evaluate client's lifestyle profile, and measure client's resting blood pressure and heart rate.

Which of the following assumptions regarding the skinfold method (SKF) of calculating relative body fat is NOT correct? Age is an independent predictor of body density for both men and women. The distribution of fat is similar for all individuals of each sex. There is a relationship between the sum of skinfold measurements and body density. Approximately half of the body's total fat is located subcutaneously in men and women.

Approximately half of the body's total fat is located subcutaneously in men and women.

Which of the following assumptions regarding the skinfold method (SKF) of calculating relative body fat is NOT correct? The distribution of fat is similar for all individuals of each sex. There is a relationship between the sum of skinfold measurements and body density. Age is an independent predictor of body density for both men and women. Approximately half of the body's total fat is located subcutaneously in men and women.

Approximately half of the body's total fat is located subcutaneously in men and women.

Which guideline for hydrostatic weighing is correct? Instruct the client not to eat or engage in strenuous exercise for at least 2 hours before the testing procedure. The water tank should range in temperature from 31 to 33 °C. Be certain the client's head and back are completely submerged underwater and have him remain as still as possible after exhaling maximally. Complete two trials if possible and record the lowest stable weight as the gross UWW.

Be certain the client's head and back are completely submerged underwater and have him remain as still as possible after exhaling

Most skinfold prediction equations provide an estimate of body volume body fat percentage total body fat mass body density subcutaneous fat mass

Body density

Which of the following statements regarding the accuracy of bioimpedance measures is correct? Dehydration leads to an underestimation of fat-free mass. Technician skill is a major source of BIA measurement error. d.. Instruct the client to lie supine for at least 20 minutes before BIA is taken. Bioimpedance should be measured during the premenstrual stage of the menstrual cycle.

Dehydration leads to an underestimation of fat-free mass.

A BMI of 30 is equivalent to 30% body fat. T or F

False

Exercise alone-without dieting-is typically just as effective at reducing weight as dieting. T or F

False

Research documents that wearable activity monitors (e.g., accelerometers) consistently have a very large effect on weight loss such that those wearing these devices are more active and lose substantially more weight than study participants that do not wear activity monitors. T or F

False

The criteria for an optimal or desirable total cholesterol classification is a value < 240 mg/dL. T or F

False

The larger the fat-free mass, the greater the resistance to the electrical current from BIA. T or F

False

When taking blood pressures during exercise, instruct the client to grasp the bike handlebars or the handrails on the treadmill to facilitate the measurement. T or F

False

The traditional two-component model of body composition separates the body into which two components? muscle and nonmuscle organic and inorganic muscle and fat fat and protein fat and fat-free

Fat and Fat free

Which of the following is(are) true of android obesity? I: upper-body obesity II: pear-shaped III: more characteristic of females than males IV: associated with increased risk of CHD II and III II, III, and IV II and IV I only I and IV

I and IV

Which of the following affects resting metabolic rate (RMR)? I: age II: body size III: body composition IV: gender II and III None, it is entirely genetic. I only III only I, II, III, and IV

I, II, III, and IV

Which statement regarding bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is correct? Individuals with high fat-free mass and total body weight have less resistance to current flowing through their bodies than those with lower fat-free mass. It is difficult to get reliable measurements of body fat using a home BIA analyzer. BIA is preferable to SKF when estimating the body composition of slim individuals. Pretesting client guidelines include no eating or drinking within 2 hours of the test.

Individuals with high fat-free mass and total body weight have less resistance to current flowing through their bodies than those with lower fat-free mass.

Which of the following should NOT be done to ensure that weight loss is a result of the loss of body fat rather than lean body tissue? Work with a nutritionist to make sure the client's diet includes 0.8 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Use the body composition method to estimate the client's healthy body weight and fat loss. Limit the use of descriptive data when designing a weight loss program to set reasonable goals for clients. Encourage daily participation in aerobic exercise and resistance training.

Limit the use of descriptive data when designing a weight loss program to set reasonable goals for clients.

Where is the ground electrode for a 12-lead electrocardiogram placed? right arm left arm left leg right leg 4th intercostal space on the right border of the sternum

Right leg

Which of the following standardized procedures for anthropometric measurements is NOT correct? For waist, hip, and thigh circumferences, align the tape in a horizontal plane, parallel to the floor. To measure the breadth of smaller segments like the elbow or wrist, use an anthropometric tape to measure circumference with greater precision. Apply tension to the tape so that it fits snugly around the body part but does not indent the skin. Place the caliper on the bony landmarks and apply firm pressure to compress the underlying muscle, fat, and skin.

To measure the breadth of smaller segments like the elbow or wrist, use an anthropometric tape to measure circumference with greater precision.

Anthropometry is recommended over skinfolds for estimating the body composition of obese clients. T or F

True

New research suggests that, with overfeeding, adults can experience hyperplasia of adipocytes in certain area of the body in addition to hypertrophy of adipocytes. T or F

True

The benefits of an exercise-dieting combination for weight loss compared to losing weight through dieting only includes the risk of weight regain being reduced and long-term weight loss being more likely when exercise is part of the weight management strategy. T or F

True

Estimating body fat percentage from hydrodensitometry is an example of what model of body composition assessment? three-component single-component four-component two-component

Two component

Which of the following recommendations for skinfold technicians is NOT correct? Take the measurements in a rotational order rather than taking consecutive readings at each site. Use plastic calipers if you are an inexperienced skinfold technician. Take a minimum of two measurements at each site. Do not take the measurements immediately after exercise.

Use plastic calipers if you are an inexperienced skinfold technician.

___________________________, coupled with BMI, predicts musculoskeletal injury risk and health risk better than BMI alone. Hip circumference Waist circumference Waist-to-hip ratio Sagittal abdominal diameter

Waist circumference

What type of aerobic exercise mode is best to maximize fat loss in females? cycling and running walking and running walking and step training swimming and walking

Walking and running

If the client answers yes to any of the seven general health questions on the PAR-Q+ questionnaire, he or she will need to decrease the intensity of the recommended activity level have the exercise specialist make note of the special conditions that require monitoring seek additional medical clearance before performing any structured physical activity answer the follow-up questions

answer the follow-up questions

Body density is defined as none of these You Answered body mass × body volume body mass / body volume body volume / body mass body mass / height2

body mass / body volume

Which anthropometric measurement is widely used in prospective studies to identify at-risk individuals? relative body fat skinfold measurements waist-to-height ratio body mass index

body mass index

What is measured by the underwater weighing and air displacement plethysmography procedures? body density body mass body fat percentage residual lung volume body volume

body volume

The bod pod relies on

boyles law

White-coat hypertension is more likely to occur in younger adult patients and men is three times higher when a physician measures the blood pressure using the traditional manual method compared to an automated reading with the client resting alone in an exam room can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease affects only the systolic blood pressure in all age groups when compared to blood pressure values taken in a community or home setting

can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

For adults with larger proximal upper arm than distal upper circumferences, a(n) __________ cuff may be more appropriate for blood pressure measurements. regular adult obese conical rectangular

conical

The purpose of the health evaluation is to indicate the type of exercise that is appropriate for a certain client detect the presence or indication of disease judge the appropriate level of exertion for the client's exercise program interpret the results of the graded exercise test

detect the presence or indication of disease

The lowest pressure in the artery during the cardiac cycle is called __________ and occurs when the heart is filling with blood. myocardial pressure systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure pulse pressure

diastolic blood pressure

When determining heart rate by palpation, do not apply heavy pressure to the carotid site because this may cause a reflex slowing of the heart rate longer counts of time (e.g., 30 seconds) more accurately reflect an individual's actual exercise heart rate use either the middle and index finger or the thumb if the stopwatch starts simultaneously with the pulse beat, count the first beat as one

do not apply heavy pressure to the carotid site because this may cause a reflex slowing of the heart rate

Reference measures of body composition are obtained in the laboratory through the use of which measures? skinfold measurements dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and densitometry densitometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and densitometry

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for the arm will result in an underestimation of the individual's blood pressure. T or F

false

A ratio of high total cholesterol to low HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) is considered protective against coronary heart disease. T or F

false

There are many health risks associated with obesity. Which of the following is NOT one of the risks.

hair loss

Which method of body composition assessment is likely to be the most difficult for the client to perform? hydrostatic weighing bioelectrical impedance ultrasound dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry air displacement plethysmography

hydrostatic weighing

What does it mean to have a normal BMI yet be metabolically obese? excess amount of muscle mass relative to body mass a daily caloric intake that far exceeds what a person with a normal BMI typically ingests increased subcutaneous adipose tissue relative to visceral adipose tissue You Answered an obese waist circumference value (i.e., > 35 in. for females or > 40 in. for males) with a normal BMI increased visceral adipose tissue relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue

increased visceral adipose tissue relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue

If the arm circumference is 35 cm, the recommended cuff to use is for a(n) larger adult obese adult child standard adult

larger adult

Which noninvasive method of blood pressure measurement has the greatest validity? aneroid sphygmomanometer automated wrist models automated finger models automated electronic manometers that fit over the arm mercury column sphygmomanometer

mercury column sphygmomanometer

In general, which countries have the lowest prevalence of overweight? Australia nearly all European countries most of the countries in Africa United States

most of the countries in Africa United States

When the metallic tapping sound disappears during blood pressure measurement, it is called the Korotkoff sound phase V value phase IV value phase I value

phase V value

Underproduction of thyroxine can increase total energy expenditure by 30% to 50% elevate release of growth hormone and testosterone reduce resting metabolic rate by 30% to 50% increase resting metabolic rate by 20%

reduce resting metabolic rate by 30% to 50%

For the typical person, which variable contributes the most to total energy expenditure? non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) dietary thermogenesis resting energy expenditure (REE) exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)

resting energy expenditure (REE)

Measuring blood pressure with wrist devices becomes inaccurate if the wrist is not held straight the device is not kept perfectly still during the reading the elbow is bent the arm is not kept at heart level during measurement

the arm is not kept at heart level during measurement

what is the purpose of inflating the cuff and noting by palpation when the pulse disappears? to estimate whether the cuff is in the correct position and covers the entire arm properly to determine whether the arm is in the correct resting position to determine whether you are overcuffing the client to estimate how much the cuff needs to be inflated to determine systolic blood pressure with the auscultatory technique

to estimate how much the cuff needs to be inflated to determine systolic blood pressure with the auscultatory technique

According to the AHA/ACSM screening algorithm, the client's exercise routine and symptoms or presence of renal, metabolic, or cardiovascular disease determine who needs medical clearance before participating in an exercise program. T or F

true

When making a food record, individuals generally _____ report food intake_____. over; by 5% to 25% under; by 10% to 45% accurately; within ± 10% under; by 700 kcal to 900 kcal

under; by 10% to 45%

Which of the following variables is not likely to affect the underwater weighing procedure? air trapped in the client's swimsuit residual lung volume of the client whether or not the client uses a nose clip during the procedure temperature of the water underwater weight of the apparatus (e.g., chair or platform)

whether or not the client uses a nose clip during the procedure