Fluid and Electrolytes quiz

which explanation would the nurse include when teaching a client with heart failure about the reason for a low-sodium diet? 1. body weight control 2. decreased fluid retention 3. lowering of blood pressure 4. prevention of hypernatremia

2

which medication is unsafe to administer as an IV bolus? 1. saline flush 2. potassium chloride 3. naloxone 4. adenosine

2

which electrolyte concentration has the potential to precipitate dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest in a client? 1. serum sodium of 139 mEq/L 2. serum chloride of 100 mEq/L 3. serum calcium of 10.2 mg/dL 4 serum potassium of 7.2 mEq/L

4

when teaching a client with hypertension about a 2 gram sodium diet, which foods would the nurse instruct the client to avoid? select all that apply 1. canned chili 2. ground beef 3. fresh salmon 4. luncheon meat 5. cooked broccili

1, 4

which clinical manifestations indicate to the nurse that the client has an inadequate fluid volume? select all that apply 1. decreased urine 2. hypotension 3. dyspnea 4. dry mucous membranes 5. lung crackles 6. poor skin turgor

1, 2, 4, 6

a client is diagnosed with parathyroid dysfunction. which serum calcium concentration supports the diagnosis? 1. 7.8 mg/dL 2. 8.9 mh/dL 3. 9.7 mg/dL 4. 10.2 mg/dL

1

a client is experiencing persistent vomiting, and serum electrolytes have been prescribed. the nurse would monitor which laboratory results? 1. sodium and chloride levels 2. bicarbonate and sulfate levels 3. magnesium and protein levels 4. calcium and phosphate levels

1

which electrolyte deficiency triggers the secretion of renin? 1. sodium 2. calcium 3. chloride 4. potassium

1

which nursing assessment would be performed by a nurse before administering intravenous infusion of potassium chloride (KCL) 40 mEq in 100 mL of 5% dextrose and water to be infused over 2 hours? select all that apply 1. urinary output 2. deep tendon reflexes 3. last bowel movement 4. arterial blood gas results 5. last serum potassium level 6. potency of the IV site

1, 5, 6

which assessment finding indicates that sodium polystyrene sulfonate has been effective? 1. control of diarrhea 2. an increase in serum sodium level 3. an increase in term calcium level 4. a decrease in serum potassium level

4

Which cation regulates intracellular osmolarity? 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Calcium 4. Calcitonin

2

a client has been admitted with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting and can tolerate only sips of water. The initial blood work shows a sodium level of 122 mEq/L and a potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L. the client is likely experiencing which condition? 1. hypernatremia 2. hyponatremia 3. hyperkalemia 4. hypokalemia

2

to prevent and adverse outcome while providing care for a client experiencing diarrhea, which client data would the nurse closely monitor? 1. skin condition 2. fluid and electrolyte balance 3. food intake 4. fluid intake and output

2

which IV solution would a nurse anticipate administering when caring for a client with a history of severe diarrhea for the past 3 days who is admitted for dehydration? 1. 3% sodium chloride 2. 0.9% sodium chloride 3. 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride 4. 5% dextrose and lactated ringer

2

which clinical finding would the nurse anticipate when admitting a client with an extracellular loud volume excess? 1. rapid. thready pulse 2. distended jugular veins 3. elevated hematocrit level 4. increased serum sodium level

2

which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia? 1. Crohn disease 2. Cushing disease 3. end-stage renal disease 4. gastroesophageal reflux disease

2

which signs of hypokalemia would the nurse monitor in the postoperative surgical client with a nasogastric tube attached to continuous low suction? select all that apply 1. irritability 2. dysrhythmias 3. muscle weakness 4. abdominal cramps 5. acidosis

2, 3

the nurse advises a client receiving furosemide about potassium intake. which fruits would the nurse encourage the client to eat? select all that apply 1. apple 2. orange 3. banana 4. pineapple 5. dried fruit

2, 3, 5

when the health care provider prescribes a diet high in potassium for a client who is taking a daily diuretic, which foods will the nurse suggest that the client eat? select all that apply 1. corn 2. bananas 3. strawberries 4. cucumber salad 5. baked potatoes with skins

2, 5

an older client is admitted to the hospital for rehydration therapy after 3 days of diarrhea. in addition to sodium, which electrolyte would the nurse be most concerned about? 1. calcium 2. chlorides 3. potassium 4. phosphates

3

in which category of fluids would the nurse classify an IV solution of 0.45% sodium chloride? 1. isotonic 2. isomeric 3. hypotonic 4. hypertonic

3

the nurse instructs a client that, in addition to building bones and teeth, calcium is also important for which process? 1. bile production 2. blood production 3. blood clotting 4. digestion of fats

3

a 4 yo child is fluid-restricted to 600 mL/24 hr. which intervention would the nurse use to help the chid cope with this limitation? 1. dividing the fluids equally throughout the 24 hours 2. allowing the child to drink fluids as desired until the 600 mL limit is reached 3. providing the 600 mL from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM and then withholding fluids again until 7:00 AM 4. offering the child at least 1 oz (30 mL) of fluid, served in a 1 oz (30 mL) medicine cup, each waking hour

4

which IV fluid is a hypertonic solution? 1. ringer solution 2. 5% dextrose in water 3. lactated ringer solution 4. 5% dextrose in normal saline

4

the intake and output of a client over an 8-hour period (from 0800 to 1600) is as follows: 150 mL urine voided at 0800; 220 mL urine voided at 1200; 235 mL urine voided at 1600; 200 mL gastric tube formula +50 mL water administered initially and then repeated x 2; IV had 900 mL in the bag at 0800, and 550 mL remains in the bag at 1600. What is the difference between the client's intake and output? record answer using a whole number.

495

a client with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis has a prescribed diet restricting proteins, sodium, and potassium. which client statement indicates understanding of provided dietary instructions? 1. "I should avoid using salt substitutes" 2. "I should exclude meat from my diet" 3. "I may not add seasoning to my food" 4. "I may eat low-sodium canned vegetables"

1

a large family that is struggling financially is instructed by the home health nurse about ways to increase their dietary intake of calcium. which suggestion would the nurse make? 1. collard greens or kale in one meal a day 2. fruit-flavored yogurt every other day 3. bread made with cornmeal each morning 4. eight ounces (240mL) of milk with every meal

1

the registered nurse teaches a student nurse regarding the management of increased potassium levels in a client. which action performed by the student indicates effective learning? 1. administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate 2. instructing a client to increase potassium and sodium intake 3. monitoring glucose levels hourly 4. providing potassium-sparing diuretics

1

which action by the nurse will be most effective in determining whether the fluid overload is improving when caring for a client who was admitted with heart failure? 1. weighing the client 2. monitoring the intake and output 3. assessing the extent of pitting edema a 4. asking the client about subjective symptoms

1

which action will the urgent care clinic nurse anticipate taking for a 24 yo client who is dehydrated after a long run and has a pulse rate of 103 and BP of 102/56 mm Hg? 1. offer oral fluids at frequent intervals 2. give fluid boluses through a nasogastric tube 3. administer intravenous antiemetic medications 4. inset a peripheral intravenous line for fluid infusion

1

which client would a nurse recognize as having an age-related impairment of the thirst mechanism when reviewing the laboratory reports of a group of older adult clients? 1. serum sodium concentration 167 mEq/L 2. serum sodium concentration 143 mEq/L 3. serum sodium concentration 118 mEq/L 4. serum sodium concentration 101 mEq/L

1

which food would the nurse encourage a client to eat while receiving treatment to prevent hypokalemia? 1. broccoli 2. oatmeal 3. fried rice 4. canned carrots

1

which ion is the regulator of extracellular osmolarity? 1. sodium 2. potassium 3. chloride 4. calcium

1

which statement by a client receiving diuretic therapy indicates that the teaching about potassium supplements is understood? 1. "I will report any abdominal stress" 2. "I should use salt substitutes with my food" 3. "the medication must be taken on an empty stomach" 4. " the dosage is correct if my urine output increases"

1

which method is an efficient way to correct decreased serum chloride levels found in a client with an acute episode of ulcerative colitis? 1. low-residue diet 2. IV therapy 3. oral electrolyte solution 4. total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

2

which prescribed action will the nurse take first when a client is admitted to the emergency department with reports of frequents loose stool and anorexia during the past week with a blood pressure of 90/68 mm Hg and pulse of 124? 1. obtain blood and urine cultures 2. start infusion of normal saline 3. insert retention catheter 4. transfer the client ti intensive care unti

2

which process would the nurse consider when formulating a response to a client with acute kidney injury who states "why am I experiencing twitching and tingling of my fingers and toes?" 1. acidosis 2. calcium depletion 3. potassium retention 4. sodium chloride depletion

2

which symptom would the nurse monitor for when caring for a client who has hyponatremia? 1. increased urine output 2. deep rapid respirations 3. change in level of consciousness 4. distended neck veins

2

which action would be most important for the nurse to do when caring for a client who started furosemide 2 days ago and has a serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L? 1. hole the morning dose of the diuretic 2. continue to monitor the level to ensure that it stays within the normal limits 3. notify the primary health care provider of the critically low result 4. anticipate a prescription for an increase in the dosage of the furosemide

3

which reason describes the purpose of restricting sodium for a client with hypertension? 1. to chemically stimulate the loop of Henle 2. to diminish the thirst response of the client 3. to prevent reabsorption of water in the distal tubules 4. to cause fluid to move toward the interstitial compartment

3

a client is admitted with severe diarrhea that resulted in hypokalemia. the nurse would monitor for which clinical manifestations of the electrolyte deficiency? select all that apply 1. diplopia 2. skin rash 3. leg cramps 4. tachycardia 5. muscle weakness

3, 5

a pregnant client tells the nurse, "I'm sticking to my diet, and I don't eat anything containing salt." how would the nurse respond? 1. "you're doing fine. just keep up the good work" 2. "a low-salt diet will protect you from getting swollen feet" 3. "we now encourage pregnant women to increase their salt intake because of changes in the circulation" 4. "slat is necessary in your diet. use a little when you're cooking, but avoid processed meats and canned foods with salt"

4

an infant with a diagnosis of heart failure is being given furosemide twice a day. which laboratory value would the nurse report to the health care provider? 1. sodium of 140 mEq/L 2. ionized calcium of 2.35 mEq/L 3. chloride of 102 mEq/L 4. potassium of 3.0 mEq/L

4

for an older adult client with dementia who developed dehydration as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, which assessment information best reflects the client's fluid balance? 1. skin turgor 2. intake and output results 3. client's report about fluid intake 4. blood lab results

4

which assessment is necessary for the nurse to complete in a client with chronic kidney disease receiving loop diuretics? 1. hemoglobin levels 2. occurrence of nausea 3. presence of constipation 4. intake nad output measurement

4

which hormonal imbalance would the nurse suspect in a client who has low serum sodium levels? 1. epinephrine 2. glucagon 3. calcitonin 4. aldosterone

4

which nursing action has the highest priority when a client with a history of heart failure arrives fora. scheduled clinic appointment and has gained 6 lb (2.7 kg)? 1. check for lower leg swelling 2. notify the HCP 3. take the client's pulse rat e 4. listen to the client's breath sounds

4

which reason would an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride and 20 mEq of potassium be prescribed for a client with a nasogastric tube (NG) tube set to low intermittent suction? 1. prevent constipation 2. prevent dehydration 3. prevent vomiting 4. prevent electrolyte imbalance

4

which response would a nurse give to the daughter of an 80 yo client admitted to the hospital with severe dehydration who asks how her mother could have become dehydrated? 1. "the body'd fluid needs decrease with age because of tissue changes" 2. "access to fluid may be insufficient to meet the daily needs of the older adult" 3. "memory declines with age, and the older adult may forget to ingest adequate amounts of fluid" 4. "the thirst reflex diminishes with age, and the recognition of the need for fluid is decreased"

4

which serum hormone level elevates in response to a client's total serum calcium concentration of 7.9 mg/dL? 1. estrogen 2. thyroxine 3. growth hormone 4. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

4