Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Potassium

A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte?

Discontinue the IV and relocate it to another spot.

A nurse inspecting the IV site of a client notices signs of phlebitis (inflammation). What would be the appropriate nursing intervention for this situation?

The nurse should assess the preferred site, ideally the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the upper extremities.

A nurse is preparing to re-site a client's IV during the client's hospital stay following a mastectomy. What accurately describes an assessment that should be made before starting the infusion?

replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

A woman aged 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires:

extracellular fluid volume excess

Edema happens when there is which fluid volume imbalance?

hypokalemia.

A client age 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of:

decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

A client who is NPO prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor?

O negative

The nurse is caring for a client whose blood type is B negative. Which donor blood type does the nurse confirm as compatible for this client?

platelets

A client who recently had surgery is bleeding. What blood product does the nurse anticipate administering for this client?

An implanted central venous access device (CVAD

A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs?

respiratory muscle weakness confusion ventricular dysrhythmia

A client with uncontrolled diabetes develops hypophosphatemia. Which finding would the nurse most likely assess? Select all that apply. abdominal distention respiratory muscle weakness confusion ventricular dysrhythmia constipation

cardiac irregularities

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor?

apricots

A home care nurse is teaching a client and family about the importance of a balanced diet. The nurse determines that the education was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a rich source of potassium?

Ensure that the prescribed solution is clear and transparent.

A nurse is required to initiate IV therapy for a client. Which should the nurse consider before starting the IV?

50 gtt/min

A physician orders an infusion of 250 mL of NS in 100 minutes. The set is 20 gtt/ml What is the flow rate?

pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths/min. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding?

Arterial blood gas

What is the lab test commonly used in the assessment and treatment of acid-base balance?

Acute Confusion related to cerebral edema

Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse make based on the effects of fluid and electrolyte imbalance on human functioning?

Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids.

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?

a winged infusion needle.

An infant is brought to the emergency room with dehydration due to vomiting. After several failed attempts to start an IV, the nurse observes a scalp vein. When accessing the scalp vein, the nurse should use:

Offer small amounts of preferred beverage frequently.

An older adult has fluid volume deficit and needs to consume more fluids. Which approach by the nurse demonstrates gerontologic considerations?

83 mL/hr

The nurse is calculating an infusion rate for the following order: Infuse 1,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl over 12 hours using an electronic infusion device. What is the infusion rate?

a newly admitted 88 year old with a 2 day history of vomiting and loose stool

The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

The primary extracellular electrolytes are:

phlebitis

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms are indicative of:

Chloride

Which is a common anion?

"I received a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom."

The nurse working at the blood bank is speaking with potential blood donor clients. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?

-The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and excesses according to the body's needs. -The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body. -The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is especially crucial in maintaining acid-base balance. -The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus.

A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a student nurse. Which statements accurately describe this process? Select all that apply. The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and excesses according to the body's needs. The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body. The thyroid gland secretes aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone that helps the body conserve sodium, helps save chloride and water, and causes potassium to be excreted. The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is especially crucial in maintaining acid-base balance. Thyroxine, released by the adrenal glands, increases blood flow in the body, leading to increased renal circulation and resulting in increased glomerular filtration and urinary output. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus.