Fluids And Electrolytes Quiz Patho

The nurse at a long-term care facility encourages the older adults to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which statement supports the nurse's action?

Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high.

Water movement from the side of the membrane having a lesser number of particles and greater concentration of water to the side having a greater number of particles and lesser concentration of water is termed:

Osmosis

The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process?

Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.

A 77-year-old female hospital client has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which statement best conveys a risk that this woman faces?

She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit.

The effective circulating volume is the major regulator of water balance in the body. What else does it regulate?

Sodium

When caring for clients with disorders of sodium balance, the nurse know that which finding is consistent with hypernatremia?

Sodium 158 mEq/L (158 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg (320 mmol/kg)

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. Which of these arterial blood gas results supports this diagnosis?

pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 45 mEq/L (45 mmol/L)

A client has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Decreased pH below 7.35

Body weight consists of which percentage of body water?

60%

The nurse has just received the lab results of a client's calcium level. The nurse identifies a normal calcium level as:

9 to 10.5 mg/dL (2.251 mmol/L to 2.6 mmol/L))

The nurse is caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which of these does the nurse recognize is correct regarding compensation?

A pH moves toward the normal range.

Which combination of ions are most likely to bind, forming molecules?

Anion and cation

The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following?

CO2

When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system?

Cardiovascular disturbances in cardiac conduction

Which of the following is an anion?

Chloride

The nurse is caring for a client who receives hemodialysis. The nurse knows that hemodialysis involves movement of charged or uncharged particles along a concentration gradient. Which function best describes this process?

Diffusion

When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these reflects the value for bicarbonate?

HCO3- Bicarbonate

Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by a respiratory rate in excess of that which maintains normal plasma PCO2 levels. What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Hyperventilation One of the most common causes of respiratory alkalosis is hyperventilation

A client who has just completed running a marathon reports muscle weakness, cramping, and general fatigue despite drinking adequate amounts of water. The nurse suspects which type of hypotonic hyponatremia?

Hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia develops when both water and sodium have been lost (as in sweating) but only water, rather than electrolyte-containing liquids, is used to replace fluids lost.

Lymph fluid arises directly from which space?

Interstitial

The nurse is evaluating a client's blood gases. The client has a pH of 7.35. How does the nurse interpret this value?

It is within a normal range pH is 7.35 to 7.45.

The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal failure:pH: 7.24PCO2: 38 mm Hg (5.05 kPa)HCO3:18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L)The nurse would interpret this as:

Metabolic acidosis

Pressure generated as water moves across a membrane is also known as which of the following?

Osmotic pressure

What is the nurse's expectation about a client's ability to compensate for a metabolic blood gas disorder?

The client will compensate with the respiratory system.

Potassium is the major cation in the body. It plays many important roles, including the excitability of nerves and muscles. Where is this action particularly important?

The heart