Food and Culture Final

What are the common foods among Native Americans? [3][5][2] Introduced by Europeans [4]

"three sisters" - corn, beans, and squash Fish and game were plentiful - buffalo, salmon, halibut, mussels, clams. They were hunters/gatherers, so fruits and vegetables were common. Wheat, rye, cattle, and hogs were introduced by the Europeans.

What is the usual meal pattern in Mexico? (2)

4-5 meals per day, plus snacks - including: Breakfast Coffee break Lunch Late afternoon snack Dinner

Describe the concept of fan and ts'ai in Chinese cuisine. - Purpose, Examples of each, How are Ts'ai foods served?

A balanced meal must include an appropriate amount of both fan and ts'ai foods. Fan foods include the grains - rice, noodles, dumplings, pancakes. Ts'ai foods include meats and vegetables. Ts'ai foods are cut into bite-size pieces, cooked, and served in bowls from the center of the table.

Explain the significance of lactose intolerance among the Asian and Asian American populations. - Prevalence, Why, Problem, Alternative Sources [2]

Approximately 75% of the Asian population is lactose intolerant. They lack the enzyme to sufficiently digest lactose - the sugar in milk. Milk and dairy products are not a large part of the Asian diet. This could lead to calcium deficiency. Alternate calcium sources found in the Asian cuisine include soy products and green leafy vegetables.

Regional Cuisine is influenced by (4)

Available indigenous and introduced foods Ethnic and religious practices Historical heritage Economics

Central Americans Reason for Immigration before 1980 [2] and in the early 1980s [1] Refugee Act

Before 1980, immigrants were either well-educated professionals or women seeking domestic jobs. In early 1980s, immigrants moved to the U.S. to escape brutal civil wars. The U.S. 1980 Refugee Act granted political asylum to anyone suffering from persecution

Nutritional Concerns of Mexican-Americans Prenatal Care, Common Disease Nutrition profile (3) Deficiency Risks [3]

Birth rates in women of Mexican descent are twice that for Non-Hispanic white women; prenatal care is infrequent. Baby-bottle tooth decay is common. Mexican Americans consume more fat, fewer fruits and vegetables, more meat and cheese, and fewer beans. Mexican Americans are at risk for iron deficiency and anemia, and calcium and riboflavin deficiencies

What is the characteristic ingredient in Hoppin' John and Georgia Caviar?

Black-eyed peas are also called cowpeas. Also known as "Texas caviar", Georgia caviar is a marinated black-eyed pea salad that is often eaten for "good luck". Hoppin' John is made with black- eyed peas, greens, and a ham hock for seasoning

What state is noteworthy for its influence on restaurant fare around the country? Foods Created Here [3] What other food was invented here?

By 1900, New York was the gastronomic center of the U.S. Foods created included Waldorf salad, vichyssoise, and baked Alaska Cream cheese was accidentally invented in 1872 when a New York dairyman was attempting to duplicate the famed Neufchatel cheese from France.

Which mid-western state is known for its corn-fed beef, barbeque sauce, and its successful hard wheat crop? What type of Barbeque sauce?

Cattle is an important agricultural commodity in Kansas. Kansas City-style barbeque sauce (tomato- or catsup-based) is the most common version used in the United States. Wheat is a significant crop in Kansas. A hard red winter wheat is grown today.

What is the Chinese worldview of the family? (4)

Chinese American families are usually patriarchal. Parents are strict, and children are expected to be obedient. Showing emotion is not encouraged. Harmony in the family is ideal. Women are expected to be "thrice obedient".

What are common Chinese cooking methods? [5], Common Equipment, Presentation

Common cooking methods used in Chinese cuisine include steaming, stir-frying, deep-fat frying, simmering, and roasting. The wok is the common piece of cooking equipment. Food is cut into uniform pieces and sizes to insure even cooking. Food is cut into bite-size pieces so that knives are not necessary at the table.

Cold Spots and what disease they are low in (5)

Copper Canyon, Mexico ◦ A cold spot for diabetes Crete, Greece ◦ A cold spot for heart disease Iceland ◦ A cold spot for depression Cameroon, West Africa ◦ A cold spot for bowel trouble Okinawa, Japan ◦ A cold spot for breast and prostate cancers

Lessons from Ikaria, Greece Lifestyle [3] Exercise Diet [3]

Daily naps Mindless exercise Free-flowing wine Strong friendships Disregard for the clock Local food Little meat and fish

Describe a dim sum meal - Where is the custom from?, What does it mean?, When is it served?, Common food

Dim sum is a Cantonese custom. Dim sum means "morsel or snack". Dim sum is a light meal or snack served with Chinese tea. It is usually served in the late morning to early afternoon. Foods include dumplings.

"Bean Town" Association When were they eaten Common ingredient

During colonial days, baked beans were eaten with Boston brown bread on the Sabbath. Baked beans were made with molasses, which was also plentiful. They are often called "Boston baked beans"

Describe appropriate Chinese table etiquette. - Utensils, Four Rules

Eating utensils include chopsticks and porcelain spoons. Older people are served first. Do not lick chopsticks or leave chopsticks straight up in the rice. Raise the bowl of rice or noodles when eating. Eat equal amounts of ts'ai foods.

What is the Mexican and Central American worldview of family? [3] Related to food?

Family is the most important social unit; it is highly valued. Family includes the extended family, and children are highly valued. Food sharing is an important family custom and tradition.

What 3 foods is Georgia the largest producer of?

Georgia is known as the Peach State. Peach pie is a popular dessert. Georgia is a leading producer of peaches; it also grows apples and watermelons. Georgia leads the country in production of peanuts and pecans

How did hasty pudding and Indian pudding originate? How are they similar, and how do they different? How was it adapted by the Native Americans?

Hasty pudding was a traditional English dish, originally made with wheat flour in England. The colonists adapted the dish, using the indigenous corn. Cornmeal porridge was poured into a pan to firm overnight. It was then eaten sliced, with cream on top. Indian pudding was further adapted by the Native Americans with the addition of maple syrup or molasses for flavor

Four Agricultural Products of Hawaii

Hawaii sugar cane accounts for 20% of the raw sugar produced in the U.S. Pineapples are a significant agricultural product in Hawaii. Hawaii grows most of the world's supply of macadamia nuts. Hawaii is famous for its kona coffee, which is exported

What is the basis for Native American health beliefs and practices? What is health due to? What causes illness? Treatment Focus

Health and illness are a reflection of a person's relationship to nature. Illness is due to an imbalance of social, spiritual, or supernatural forces. Treatment focuses on the holistic approach - treating the "whole" body.

What is the Asian Indian worldview on religion and family (4)?

Hindu theology is found throughout Asian Indian culture. 85% of Indians are Hindu. The husband is the head of the family; the wife works at home. Extended families live together. Children show respect for elders. Dating is discouraged.

What is Tex-Mex cuisine? Prevalence Characteristics of Cuisine [3] Tex Mex Foods

In Texas, it is a regional American cuisine. The term "Tex-Mex" first appeared in print in 1973. Tex-Mex is characterized by heavy use of meat, beans, and spices. Tortilla chips and salsa is a Tex-Mex creation. Tex-Mex inventions include fajitas, nachos, crispy tacos, chili con queso, chili con carne, chili gravy, and chalupas.

In Southeast Asia, what is the symbolism of an empty plate at mealtime? Two Rules, What Country?

In Vietnam, an empty plate indicates that the diner is still hungry. It is not acceptable to eat the last bite on the plate. It is not acceptable to take the last bite from the serving platter.

What is incaparina, and what is its significance in the food and diets of Guatemala and Central America? Who created it and why?

Incaparina is a nutrition supplement made from vegetable protein. It was created in Guatemala in the 1960s to treat protein/calorie malnutrition in infants, children, and adults. INCAP (Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama) was created to lead efforts to combat malnutrition among the Central American population.

Cranberries Origin of Name Original Use First Cultivation Where do they primarily grow? [5] Environments in which they grow [2] Two types of Harvesting Health Benefits of Cranberries (4)

It is one of three fruits native to America. Native Americans had many names for it. The origin of the English name comes from Dutch and German settlers, who called it "craneberry". American sailors ate them to prevent scurvy. Cranberries were first cultivated in 1816 in MA. Cranberries are grown primarily in 5 states: WI, NJ, OR, WA, MA. Cranberries grow on sandy bogs or marshes. Wet Harvesting (Flood field) Dry Harvesting Maintain urinary track health Reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease (antioxidants?) Reduce the risk for certain cancers Prevent gum disease

Today, 70% of the U.S. citrus crop is grown in what state? What fruits? [5]

Key limes, small, thin-skinned yellow limes were discovered in the Florida Keys. Key lime pie is a Southern favorite. Florida produces many citrus fruits: grapefruit, tangelo, tangerine, orange, lime, lemon. Most of the oranges from Florida are processed into juice.

Nutritional Status of Native Americans Milk Low intake of [2] High Intake of [2] Infants What diseases is higher than normal? [2] Major Medical and Social Problem Life Expectancy

Lactose intolerance is high among Native Americans. Native Americans consume low intakes of fruits and vegetables and high intakes of refined carbohydrates and fats Breast feeding is the preferred way to feed infants among some tribes. Incidence of Type 2 diabetes is higher than general population. Obesity is prevalent. Alcoholism is a major medical and social problem. Life expectancy is lower than the overall U.S. population.

What region of the United States is known for cranberries, cod, clam chowder, clambakes, lobster, maple syrup, and baked beans? Associations/Origins of Each

Lobster is synonymous with Maine. Cod is synonymous with Massachusetts. The clambake was thought to originate with the Narragansett and Penobscot tribes. The origin of baked beans is Native American and Puritan. Cranberries were first cultivated in Massachusetts

Maine has its own version of the Mounds candy bar. What is it called [2], and what is the characteristic ingredient?

Maine Potato Candy, also known as Needhams to Mainers, is a soft, moist, coconut cream candy dipped in dark chocolate. The candy is available in candy stores or in grocery stores, packed in a plain box

What state is known for wild blueberries? Characteristic of Blueberries History of Blueberry Ideal Growing Conditions

Maine accounts for 90% of the U.S. wild blueberry crop. They are a small blueberry. The wild blueberry holds a place in Native American history, whose people first used the wild blueberry for its flavor, nutrition, and healing properties. The acidic, sandy soil and challenging winter temperatures provide ideal growing conditions for wild blueberries

Identify the following Indian foods: Naan Paneer Tandoor Chutney Dal Pappadum

Naan - an Indian flatbread Paneer - Indian cheese Tandoor - method of cooking meats in a clay oven Chutney - preserves of fruit; cooked Dal - lentils, chickpeas, peas, or beans (soup) Pappadum - crispy, puffed cracker/wafer made from lentil flour

What are the basic beliefs of the Native American worldview? (4)

Native Americans strive for harmony, balance, and peace. The Earth is to be respected; only what is needed should be taken from it. Generosity is encouraged; competitiveness is discouraged. Time is eternal; the present is valued over the future.

What state today is known for its maple syrup and maple sugar candy production? What are the specialties made from it? (3)

No food is as associated with Vermont as is maple syrup. Vermont specialties include: -Sugar-on-snow (syrup poured over fresh snow) -Maple sugar pie (double- or single-crust, meringue-covered pie with a filling of cream, eggs, and syrup) -Maple sugar candies

Name the staple foods of Native American tribes in various regions of the United States. Northeastern [6] Southern [5] Plains [5] Southwestern [5] Northwestern [5]

Northeastern - clams, cod, beans, maple syrup, corn, berries Southern - oysters, shrimp, crabs, wild game, hominy/grits, fruits/vegetables Plains - buffalo, dried meat, wild game, berries, wild rice Southwestern - many colors of corn, small game, squash, pine nuts, cactus Northwestern - salmon/halibut, smoked fish, muktuk, berries, green leafy vegetables

What is pemmican, and what was the significance of it during the 19th and 20th centuries? Ingredients [3] Purpose Who used it?

Pemmican is a mixture of dried meat, berries, and suet. It is a concentrated form of energy, used as a travel food among many Native American tribes. Ingredients included bear fat, berries, and any other food that was available. It was recorded that polar tribes used this food on long trips.

What are pierogies? State Description Who eats them? [Ethnicity]

Pierogies are semi-circular dumplings made with unleavened dough. They are filled with a variety of flavors - mashed potatoes, onions, cheese, sweet potatoes, sauerkraut, or a sweet filling. The origin is Central or Eastern European, and today they are enjoyed by Polish descendents in Pennsylvania. Drive through pierogie restaurants are found in Pittsburgh

What is the worldview of family and religion among Native Americans? Prevalence and Characteristic of Religion Family [4]

Religion permeates all aspects of life; it involves ritual; it brings the community together. Organized religion is not common; religious guidance is often provided by self-proclaimed priests. The extended family is the primary unit; all blood kin are related; respect for elders is expected; children are highly valued.

What role does religion have in Chinese culture? - Prevalence (2), 2 minor religions, 2 major religions

Religion plays a minor role in Chinese culture, because it is not encouraged by the modern government. In the U.S., many Chinese Americans are not affiliated with an organized religion. Buddhism and Islam are seen in some parts of China. Confucianism and Taoism are followed by many Chinese.

What are the common starches consumed in the Asian cuisines? [5][Vietnam][Northern China][Other grains - 4]

Rice is grown and eaten in abundance in southern and eastern China. Rice is also common in Korea, Japan, and Thailand. Noodles made from rice are common in Vietnam. Wheat is a major crop in northern China. Noodles made from wheat are eaten in China. Other grains grown and eaten are millet, sorghum, corn, and barley.

What state has a large Scandinavian immigrant population and today is still influenced by their culinary traditions? Common foods [1][3][1]

Scandinavians were attracted to the cold climate, low mountains, and numerous lakes of Minnesota. Preserved fish (pickled, smoked, salt-cured) is a mainstay among Scandinavians. Dark breads, potato pancakes, and butter cookies are traditional foods. The smorgasbord was introduced to the nation in Minnesota.

Which U.S. culinary region is the largest and encompasses diverse geographic and climatic conditions, from arctic tundra, to volcanic islands, to fertile valleys, to scenic desert? Alaskan Foods [3] Hawaiian Foods Influence [4] Southwestern Cuisine Influence [2]

Sourdough bread originated among Klondike prospectors in Alaska. Reindeer (caribou) and salmon are two mainstays in Alaska. Hawaiian foods are of Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Korean origin. Southwestern cuisine is influenced by Native American cuisine and Mexican cuisine

Soy is a healthy protein alternative that is common in all Asian cuisines. What are some soy products consumed in Asian diets? (7)

Soy sauce Soy milk Tofu (soybean curd) Tempeh (fermented soy cake) Hoisin sauce Oyster sauce Edamame (fresh soybeans in the pod)

Each Indian meal should consist of (3)

Starch (rice and/or Indian bread) One or more main dishes (meat, fish, lentil, or vegetable combination) Some kind of chutney

Regional Cuisines of Texas Panhandle Eastern Central West Southern

Texas is divided into five culinary regions, each influenced by available foods, proximity to ethnic and regional fare, and preferences of the residents. In the panhandle, foods of the Mid-west dominate. In the eastern part of the state, Southern foods are preferred. German influences abound in the central regions. In the west region, beef is popular. In the southern region, Mexican and Spanish influences have evolved into a cuisine called Tex-Mex

What is the Asian Indian philosophy of eating? (What types of foods) [4]

The Asian Indian philosophy of eating relies on a balance of whole foods. Whole foods are foods that are chemical- and additive-free. Whole foods are foods in season from as close a source as possible; they are whole and in their simplest form.

Describe the concept of Yin and Yang, which is embodied in the beliefs of Taoism.

The concept of Yin and Yang involves a balanced unity of all things to bring about harmony in life. All things in nature contain both Yin and Yang.

The First Thanksgiving Foods What was there? [8] What was NOT there? [3]

The food included venison (deer meat), wild fowl, lobsters, mussels, "sallet herbs", grapes, plums, squash, and corn. There were no mashed potatoes, cranberries, or pumpkin pie.

What challenges does the geography of Mexico and Central America hold for the production of agriculture and food products? The coast, the north, Central America, Climate, Mexico

The long coastline of Central America is subject to hurricanes. There are many tectonic plates that could cause earthquakes. Many volcanoes form the mountains of Central America. The climate is tropical, with many rain forests. In Mexico, the Sierra Madre mountains provide challenging terrain and limited agriculture productivity. There are arid deserts in the northern part of Mexico.

What state is known significantly for its German heritage and cooking? Name for settlers Characteristics of Cuisine [3] Typical foods [4] What fruit was particularly popular?

The settlers became known as the "Pennsylvania Dutch"; the name comes from "Deutsch", which is the German word for "German". Pennsylvania Dutch cooking is hearty, fat-laden, and calorie-dense. Typical foods include sausage, sauerkraut, dumplings, soups, goulash, and cabbage roll Apples

How did the Wolf Peach get its name? What food is it? What state is it associated with?

The tomato, a member of the nightshade family, was once thought to be poisonous. Due to this designation, it was called a "wolf peach" New Jersey

What are the staple foods eaten in India? - Most common single food, Common diet, Common foods/Spices (3)

There are few foods that are eaten throughout all of India. Rice is the most common single food. Fruits and vegetables predominate in the cuisine, since many are vegetarians. Yogurt is the main dairy food. Ghee is used for cooking. It is pure. Mixtures of herbs and spices, called masalas, are used to flavor food.

What theory is the basis for traditional Asian Indian health beliefs and practices? - 3 aspects, Purpose (2), Guidelines [6]

Traditional Ayurvedic medicine has a long history in India. The theory uses diet, herbal remedies, and meditation to reestablish equilibrium. It is thought that practicing Ayurveda will bring about longevity. There are many guidelines - give thanks before eating, eat only when hungry, be calm when eating, eat slowly, eat fresh foods, eat a balance of protein and carbohydrate, etc.

Food Distribution Programs Among Native Americans What is the name of the Federal Program? What is their purpose?

Traditional beliefs are in conflict with majority society. Food distribution programs have been implemented on Indian reservations (FDPIR). The FDPIR is a federal program that provides commodity foods to low- income Native American households living on or near Indian reservations

What is the Mexican and the Central American worldview of religion? (2)

Traditional religious celebrations are important family customs. The majority of Mexicans and Central Americans are Roman Catholic.

What are some traditional foods and agricultural products from Mexico? Vegetables [6] Main Grain Difference between two regions [1][6]

Vegetables eaten in Mexico include tomatoes, potatoes, squash, chilies, corn, and beans. Wheat is common. Livestock is raised in the North. Sugarcane, chocolate, vanilla, avocado, papaya, and guava grow in the tropical lowlands.

What is the origin of Italian Wedding Soup? State Purpose Meaning of Name

Wedding soup is standard fare at many weddings in western Pennsylvania; it is served to provide the happy couple with stamina on their wedding night. Wedding soup originally had nothing to do with wedding celebrations. Translated, minestra maritata means "married soup". When something is maritata, it works well together. For the soup, it simply means that the ingredients are a wonderful combination

What aquatic grass seed, popular as a grain in the United States today, is grown in the shallow rivers and lakes of Minnesota? Characteristics of the grain (3)

Wild rice is actually not a rice. It is a triangular-shaped seed from an aquatic grass. It is a Minnesota specialty. Wild rice is a gourmet delicacy; its price is about three times that of other rice products

What is a Blue Zone? Combination of what 4 factors? What are the Blue Zones (5)

A place in the world where higher percentages of the population live to be 80, 90, or 100. ◦ A place where there are more octogenarians, nonagenarians, and centenarians. How do they do it? ◦ It is a combination of diet, exercise, lifestyle, and mindset. Sardinia, Italy Loma Linda, California Okinawa, Japan Icaria, Greece Nicoya, Costa Rica

What is a comal? What is matate y mano? What is it used for?

An earthenware griddle Traditionally made of stone, these tools are sturdy and long lasting. Metates are also used to grind corn and other grains.

Sea Vegetables in Asian Cuisine [10]

Arame Dulse Hair Vegetable/black moss/fat choy Hijiki Konbu Sushi Nori/ Seaweed Sheets Laver/Purple Seaweed Salted Seaweed Seabean Wakame

What is a submarine sandwich called in other parts of the United States? (6)

Dagwood - named in the 1930s after the comic character Dagwood Bumstead, who created huge sandwiches from leftovers. Grinder - name for the sandwich in MS, RI, CT, and VT. They were often filled with meatballs. Hoagie - created in Philadelphia after the Italian immigrants who worked in the shipyard on Hog Island during WW I. These workers were called "hoggies". Italian - Portland, Maine is the birthplace of the Italian sandwich, called an "Italian" to the locals. Hero - the name given to the sandwich in New York. "One must be a hero to eat it." Po' Boy (Poor Boy) - originated in New Orleans; name derived from the poor African American boys who begged for food

Benefits of Chocolate Specifically what kind of chocolate? 2 Benefits and The compounds that cause them Vitamins [5] and Minerals [4] Fat [3] Cholesterol

Dark chocolate with a minimum of 70% chocolate liquor is the healthiest. Cardiovascular protection Antioxidants Immune system enhancement Flavonoids Good source of iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, vitamins A, B1, C, D, and E Fat in the form of oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid Cholesterol free

Indian Dining Etiquette (5)

Do not ask for beef or pork Do not offer Jutha - food which you have touched Eating with hands is common (only right hand for eating) Alcohol is often not served The host often pays the bill

Lessons from Sardinia, Italy Diet [2] Worldview/Family [3] Drinks [2]

Eat a lean, plant-based diet accented with meat. Put family first. Drink goat's milk. Celebrate elders. Take a walk. Drink a glass or two of red wine daily. Laugh with friends.

Economic Status of Mexican Americans (3) Types of Immigrants (3) Large immigration period, what jobs? [2] Prevalence of Mexican-Americans Education

Economic status varies: Migrant farm workers Urban denizens Acculturated, middle-class Chicanos, braceros, and undocumented residents Large immigration occurred from 1900- 1935: to work in agriculture and on the railroads. In the past 30 years, Mexicans have comprised the largest group of legal immigrants. Mexican-American immigrants are the least well-educated of all Hispanics.

Lessons from Okinawa, Japan Mindset (3) Diet (2) Outside (3)

Embrace an ikigai (purpose in life) Plant-based diet Get gardening (Medicinal Garden) Eat more soy Maintain a moai (group of like-minded people) Enjoy the sunshine Stay active Have a good attitude

Lessons from Loma Linda, California Diet [5] Mindset [3] Exercise

Find a sanctuary in time Maintain a healthy BMI Regular, Moderate exercise Spend time with like-minded friends Snack on nuts Give something back Meat in moderation Early, light dinner More plants in diet Drink lots of water

Anatomy of the Indigenous Diets (Cold Spots) Traditions (2) Sugar Salt Meat and Dairy Fats Critters Flavorings

Foods that are local, fresh, and in season. Food cultivation techniques and recipes passed down from generations. Food traditions. Sugar from whole foods. Salt from natural unprocessed sources. Naturally raised meat and dairy as a precious commodity. Nonmeat fats from nuts, seeds, whole grains, and fatty fruits. Fermented and pickled foods. Healing spices and herbs.

Cacao Where does it grow? Where are the pods? What is in the pods? [2] Process beans undergo to become nibs [4] How a nib becomes cacao liquor Cookware used [2]

Grown in Mexico, CA, SA Pods grow along the trunk of the tree. Tree grows in tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the equator. Each pod contains 30-40 almond-shaped seeds or "beans" surrounded by a sweet pulp. Beans undergo fermentation, drying, roasting, and winnowing to become cacao "nibs". Also called "cacao liquor" The fermented, dried, and roasted nib is ground into a smooth, liquid paste. In many parts of Latin America, cacao is still roasted and ground by hand every day. Cacao beans roasted on comal Ground on metate w/ mano

Lessons from Nicoya, Costa Rica Lifestyle/Family [6] Diet [1] Water

Have a life plan Drink hard water (minerals) Focus on family Light dinner Maintain social network Keep hard at work Some sensible sun Embrace a common history

Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots

Hot spot - place or community where there is an unusually high number of people suffering from a particular disease. Cold spot - place or community where there is an unusually low number of people suffering from a particular disease

What are characteristics of the cuisine eaten in the southern part of Mexico? (Oaxaca) Influences [2] Characteristic Foods [2] Meats [3] What is entomaphagy?

In the southern part of Mexico, there are tropical and Indian influences. Mole is common. There are seven kinds of mole eaten in Oaxaca. Poultry, goat, and pork are common. Chapulines are a delicacy in Oaxaca. The practice of eating insects, high in protein

Mexican Cuisine Regions Mexican Plains: Geographical features [2], Common Foods [3] Common Drinks [3] Tropical Costal Regions Common Foods [8] Yucatán Peninsula: Influence, Geography, Common Foods [3]

Mexican Plains (northern and west-central) Arid plains and semi-temperate plateaus; nopales, maguey cactus (mescal, tequila, pulque), cheese Tropical Coastal Regions Fresh ingredients; seafood; red snapper; jícama; plantains, tomatillos, yuca; chiles, avocados (guacamole) Yucatán Peninsula Influenced by the Gulf of Mexico; isolated by mountains; shrimp; seafood, achiote

Characteristics of Confucianism (5) Characteristics of Taoism (3)

Obedient children Respect for elders/adults Allegiance to rulers Proper behavior - self restraint The Golden Rule Taoism is a way of life. It refers to a power which envelops, surrounds and flows through all things, living and non-living. People are subordinate to nature's way. Taoism embodies the harmony of opposites - Yin and Yang.

Hawaii Origins of Luau, where term came from What crop is basis of traditional Hawaiian diet? What is it used to make? Most common cooking methods in Hawaiian food prep [3] What processed food is consumed most in Hawaii?

Party where women were allowed to eat with men Word refers to the leaves of taro plant which were commonly served Poi, made from taro Broiling, Boiling, Roasting Spam, "Hawaiian Steak"

Russia Common Russian Flavor Principles [9] Suggestions for enhancing Russian diet for wellness (3) Differences between Russian meal pattern and American (2)

Sour cream, onion, dill, parsley, beets, cabbage, herring, vodka, turnips Drink less vodka (ex. only one after dinner) Only 1 meat dish per day Only 1 plate full of food per meal Vodka throughout day Pass plates to serve themselves

What are the traditional condiments used throughout Asian cuisine? China/Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Thailand

Soy sauce is used in China and Japan. Nuoc mam is used in Vietnam. Kimchi is used in Korea. Curries are used in Thailand.

Agricultural Food Products from China Main Crop: What region, What is it used for? Other sources of oil [2] Common Crops [4] Most Common Meat Other Sources of Meat [2] Source of Meat in Mongolia Source of Meat in Tibet, Other uses [2]

Soybeans Northeastern region Oil and other uses Other sources of oil include peanut, rapeseed (canola oil). Common crops include peanuts, sugar, tea, apples, pears, grapes, citrus fruits, bananas, pineapple. Pigs Most common meat Cattle Also raised for meat Sheep Raised for meat and wool Horses Popular in Mongolia Yak Used in Tibet as a work animal, as well as for food and clothing.

What region of the United States is known for crab feasts, Old Bay Seasoning, tomatoes, pierogies, cheesecake, apple butter, and submarine sandwiches? Where is crab and crab cakes associated? Where are tomatoes associated? History of Submarine Sandwich (what country?)

The Mid-Atlantic States Crabs and Old Bay Seasoning go hand-in-hand. Old Bay's motto is "Entice with Spice". Crabs and crab cakes are plentiful in Maryland. Lump crabmeat is the integral ingredient in crab cakes. It is lean, big pieces of crab with no shell or cartilage. Tomatoes are an important crop in New Jersey. The concept for the submarine sandwich is traced to Italians living in New York in the 1800

What region of the United States is known for rice cultivation, cotton and tobacco fields, crab and shrimp boils, gumbo, okra pickles, hush puppies, key lime pie, greens, and peaches? Two other prized foods [2] What grain is common in South Carolina?

The Southern States Cornmeal is a Southern staple; the South Carolina Low Country is known for its use of rice as a staple food Turnip greens, first eaten by plantation slaves, have become a prized southern food

Nutritional Concerns of Asian Americans Characteristics of Cuisine - Low in [2], High in [2] What health concerns are low [2] What heath concerns are high [2]

Traditional Asian diet is low in fat and dairy products, and high in complex carbohydrates and sodium. Obesity and overweight are low among Asians and Asian Americans. Asians are at low risk for cardiovascular disease. Incidence of stroke is high in Asia. Some cancers are the leading cause of death among Asian Americans.

What are some traditional foods and agricultural products from Central America? Vegetables [6] Fruit [6] Meat [3] Natural Dye

Traditional vegetables from Central America include chayote, tomatillo, corn, tomatoes, chilies, yuca. Fruits include bananas, pineapple, guava, tamarind, cherimoya, and coconut. Pork, chicken, and beef are common. Achiote (annatto), is used to give food a rich yellow color (orange-red seed)

Mexican Hot Chocolate Difference from American Traditional flavor Uncommon ingredients [3]

Traditionally, hot cocoa in Mexico is prepared with water, instead of with milk. Today it is a sweet beverage, but it may be made with bittersweet or semisweet chocolate. Often contains cinnamon, vanilla, and an Ancho chile

What is the healthiest spice in the world? Benefits? [3] Ginger Benefits [4] Cinnamon Benefit What spice has the highest antioxidant activity? Compound name? What else does it help with? Cumin helps inhibit what disease? Coriander Benefits [4], Name of plant leaf? Cayenne Benefits, Antioxidant nutrients contained in Cayenne [6] Black Pepper Bioactive health-promoting compound, benefit Cardamom Benefit

Tumeric Antioxidant, Immunomodulator, inhibits growth of H. pylori Ginger - Motion sickness Carminative - relieving flatulence Spasmolytic - relieve spasms Chemopreventive - stop or slows cancer Cinnamon - helps control blood glucose levels Cloves - eugenol, Tooth Aches Cumin helps inhibit cancer Coriander - anti-diabetic anti-inflammatory hypolipidemic anti-microbial Cilantro Cayenne - Immune-enhancing Beta-carotene Vitamin C Manganese Vitamin B6 Vitamin K Fiber Black pepper - piperine Increases HCl secretion Cardamom - Digestive aid

Alaska 2 foods native to Alaska's food culture 1 reason native Alaskans have poor health How can Alaskans improve health?

Wild berries, Salmon Less access to fresh, healthy food, isolated More whole grains and legumes