Food and Culture Test 1

5 categories of edible and inedible food

1. inedible foods - taboo foods. (animals who died from disease. 2. Edible by animals, but not by me - rodents 3. Edible by humans but not by my kind - dog meat (acceptable in asia, not in the us) 4. Edible by humans, but not by me - Ok with cultural group but not me because of preference, health reasons, etc.. 5. edible by me

What term describes an area where no single ethnic group is the majority

cultural plurality

The process of handing down manners and understandings in common to a culture from one generation to the next is a good definition of...

enculturation

If I believe that my culture/group has the "right and normal" way of eating, and all the other cultures that I read about eat "weird" food, my views are

ethnocentric

The term that describes eating more food than is customarily consumed daily for religious or other special events is:

feasting

As peoples become acculturated, which habits are likely to be the last to change?

food habits

The multiplicity of ways in which humans use food is termed....

food habits, food culture of foodways

what is a "phantom food"?

foods not actually consumed

An example of renaming a food in order to assert a new cultural identity is

freedom fries

Give a specific example that reflects a health disparity associated with an ethnicity in the United States today.

gap between white and black infant deaths - 6.9 per 1000 live births vs 14.1 per 1000

What characteristics represent the "tip of the iceberg" in the iceberg analogy used to describe communication?

race, gender, nationality, age

In Japan, what is the surname given to a married woman?

san

What term is used for the entire disease-illness process?

sickness

The use of astrology for determining the health status of a person would be an example of what type of thinking?

sickness due to the natural world

expression of emotion through bodily complaints is called

somatization

A term used to describe overestimation of the association between group membership and individual behavior, often seen as a pitfall in health care relationships, is:

stereotyping

Food choices in all societies are driven by an inborn preference for what food flavors

sugar and fat

the primary factor in consumer food choice is

taste

According to the Consumer Food Choice Model, what factors influence food selection?

taste and convenience

The soil, texture, minerals, drainage, source of water, temperature etc. in which grapes are grown is called:

terroir

Categorizing foods into "hot" and "cold" categories is a system used in a variety of cultures. Cultural groups we have studied that use this system include those of

the middle east, parts of latin america

Following the flavor principles model, herbs and spice....

to help palatability, disguise spoiled meats and produce physiological responses.

The method of confirming congruence between data collected on the target audience and proposed program goals and objectives is called what?

triangulation

interpreter vs. translator

verbal, written

when does biculturalization happen

when the new majority culture is seen as complementing rather than competing with an individual's ethnicity.

what is commenialism

who can dine together, class relationships

What are the two components of a message?

content and relationship

what are the 4 P's of the marketing mix?

product, price, placement and promotion

causes of disease as explained in the biomedical culture

1. immediate causes (toxins, infection, injury) 2. underlying causes (smoking, high cholesterol) 3. ultimate causes (heredity, environmental stress)

4 stages of intercultural communication awareness

1. unconscious incompetence - speaker misunderstands, doesn't know it 2. conscious incompetence - aware of misunderstanding but doesn't correct 3. conscious competence - considers own cultural characteristics and modifies as necessary 4. unconscious competence - skilled in intercultural communication, no longer thinks about it

how many people in the us have poor language skills

14 million

the number of elders in the US is expect to double by what year?

2050

Approximately how much do Americans currently spend on complementary and alternative medicine annually?

40 billion

In a multicultural society, approximately what percent of sickness is managed outside the biomedical system?

70 to 90%

Approximately how many different nonverbal gestures have been identified?

7000

A term used to describe the idea that foods from throughout the world are available and often affordable, although there is a need for consistency and conservatism, is:

American paradox

Two main protein foods eaten by Greeks virtually daily include lamb and legumes. These would be examples of

core foods

Garam masala is a distinct flavor principle associated with which ethnicity

Asian indian

The ancient Asian Indian system of healing is called

Ayurvedic medicine

What are the most common type(s) of alternative therapeutic substances?

Biomedical pharmaceuticals and diet prescriptions

What type of medicine uses pulses associated with internal organs, each with its own characteristics?

Chinese medicine

what does CRASH stand for?

Culture, respect, assess/affirm, sensitive, humility

What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs?

DSHEA

Children learn food preferences from trusted or valued others. Who has the least long lasting influence?

Parents

When a health care provider imposes their beliefs, practices and values on a patient from another culture, what is this termed?

cultural imposition

In what culture is direct eye contact an expression of sexual interest or aggression?

Filipino

What is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US?

Latinos

Which cultural group is an example of one that believes family should be involved in all health care decisions?

Middle easterners

Aiding the body to heal itself through non-invasive natural treatments is done in what type of medicine?

Naturopathy

Examples of incorporation of food associations

Rare meat to build muscles, walnuts to improve brain function, insects as a protein source.

The need for humans to experiment with food choices but at the same time be conservative is called...

The Omnivore's paradox

What title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 guaranteed equal access to health care services regardless of national origin?

Title VI

What is the definition of culture?

Values, beliefs, attitudes and practices accepted by members of a group or community

Studies on type 2 diabetes suggest that which ethnicity has the lowest rates (although they are still increasing)?

Whites

transition of a society from producers of indigenous foods to consumers of mass-produced foods is called:

consumerization

What is the abrazo, a common greeting for Latinos?

a hug with back patting

what is cultural imposition

a tendency for health personnel to impose their beliefs, practices and values upon another culture because they believe their views are superior.

Cultural membership or social identity is defined by

acculturation

When a smaller group, a minority group, moves into a larger, dominant culture, the process in which the minority group fully assumes the manners and values of the majority is called

acculturation

hot and cold classifications

air-cold, earth-dry, fire-hot, water-moist

Many botanical remedies are derived from plants and herbs. In general, the more comprehensive term botanical would include

all therapeutic parts of the plant

Symbolic use of bread might mean....

association with a religious value, status

What translation technique requires that instructions are repeated back to the clinician?

back interpretation

Culturally specific preferences become apparent around what age?

between 3-6 years of age

The most effective presentation of a message requires a combination of pictures, sounds, and words in the...

broadcast and print media

The most universal of food taboos is:

cannibalism

Foods that satisfy the basic need for food familiarity eaten during personal events or times of stress are called

comfort foods

Rules regarding who can dine together are called....

commensalism

the integration of local, regional, and national phenomena into an unrestricted worldwide organization is:

globalization

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease defines what term?

health

an example of sickness due to the patient

heart disease from eating fatty foods

One classification system used to categorize foods is "edible" versus "inedible." In this classification, to a Hindu vegetarian, beef would be considered

inedible

Television, video, computers, radios and magazines used on target audiences are all forms of what types of channels?

influence

low context cultures

information in a logical, linear sequence, explicit, straightforward, unambiguous, focus on speaker, often miss nonverbal cues, individualism ex. Swiss, Germans, Scandinavians, Americans.

Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the word sympathetic to mean

items that have characteristics similar to human body parts or organs

Complex rules that define how humans eat meals are called....

manners

high context cultures

meaning is in the context, not words, feelings prominent in the conversation, reading between the lines, misunderstandings easily occur, nonverbal communication, group association ex. Asian, middle eastern, native americans

The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called

medical pluralism

To relieve yin (too much cold), a small burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy. What is this procedure called?

moxibustion

What does polychronistic refer to?

multitasking

Disrespectful and often degrade relationshipss

object messages

What does the term action chain refer to?

one phrase or action leads to another

According to the Core and Complementary Foods Model, foods that are eaten sporadically and are an indicator of individual food preference are:

peripheral foods

Changes in food behavior happen most often with

peripheral foods

Messages that demonstrate respect for the individuality of the receiver are called

personal messages

what type of evaluation keeps track of progress throughout the educational program

process

Why is acculturation described as a process? When is the process complete

process is complete when assimilation occurs, when one sheds their ethnical identity and fully merges into the majority culture.