Food and Culture Test 1
5 categories of edible and inedible food
1. inedible foods - taboo foods. (animals who died from disease. 2. Edible by animals, but not by me - rodents 3. Edible by humans but not by my kind - dog meat (acceptable in asia, not in the us) 4. Edible by humans, but not by me - Ok with cultural group but not me because of preference, health reasons, etc.. 5. edible by me
What term describes an area where no single ethnic group is the majority
cultural plurality
The process of handing down manners and understandings in common to a culture from one generation to the next is a good definition of...
enculturation
If I believe that my culture/group has the "right and normal" way of eating, and all the other cultures that I read about eat "weird" food, my views are
ethnocentric
The term that describes eating more food than is customarily consumed daily for religious or other special events is:
feasting
As peoples become acculturated, which habits are likely to be the last to change?
food habits
The multiplicity of ways in which humans use food is termed....
food habits, food culture of foodways
what is a "phantom food"?
foods not actually consumed
An example of renaming a food in order to assert a new cultural identity is
freedom fries
Give a specific example that reflects a health disparity associated with an ethnicity in the United States today.
gap between white and black infant deaths - 6.9 per 1000 live births vs 14.1 per 1000
What characteristics represent the "tip of the iceberg" in the iceberg analogy used to describe communication?
race, gender, nationality, age
In Japan, what is the surname given to a married woman?
san
What term is used for the entire disease-illness process?
sickness
The use of astrology for determining the health status of a person would be an example of what type of thinking?
sickness due to the natural world
expression of emotion through bodily complaints is called
somatization
A term used to describe overestimation of the association between group membership and individual behavior, often seen as a pitfall in health care relationships, is:
stereotyping
Food choices in all societies are driven by an inborn preference for what food flavors
sugar and fat
the primary factor in consumer food choice is
taste
According to the Consumer Food Choice Model, what factors influence food selection?
taste and convenience
The soil, texture, minerals, drainage, source of water, temperature etc. in which grapes are grown is called:
terroir
Categorizing foods into "hot" and "cold" categories is a system used in a variety of cultures. Cultural groups we have studied that use this system include those of
the middle east, parts of latin america
Following the flavor principles model, herbs and spice....
to help palatability, disguise spoiled meats and produce physiological responses.
The method of confirming congruence between data collected on the target audience and proposed program goals and objectives is called what?
triangulation
interpreter vs. translator
verbal, written
when does biculturalization happen
when the new majority culture is seen as complementing rather than competing with an individual's ethnicity.
what is commenialism
who can dine together, class relationships
What are the two components of a message?
content and relationship
what are the 4 P's of the marketing mix?
product, price, placement and promotion
causes of disease as explained in the biomedical culture
1. immediate causes (toxins, infection, injury) 2. underlying causes (smoking, high cholesterol) 3. ultimate causes (heredity, environmental stress)
4 stages of intercultural communication awareness
1. unconscious incompetence - speaker misunderstands, doesn't know it 2. conscious incompetence - aware of misunderstanding but doesn't correct 3. conscious competence - considers own cultural characteristics and modifies as necessary 4. unconscious competence - skilled in intercultural communication, no longer thinks about it
how many people in the us have poor language skills
14 million
the number of elders in the US is expect to double by what year?
2050
Approximately how much do Americans currently spend on complementary and alternative medicine annually?
40 billion
In a multicultural society, approximately what percent of sickness is managed outside the biomedical system?
70 to 90%
Approximately how many different nonverbal gestures have been identified?
7000
A term used to describe the idea that foods from throughout the world are available and often affordable, although there is a need for consistency and conservatism, is:
American paradox
Two main protein foods eaten by Greeks virtually daily include lamb and legumes. These would be examples of
core foods
Garam masala is a distinct flavor principle associated with which ethnicity
Asian indian
The ancient Asian Indian system of healing is called
Ayurvedic medicine
What are the most common type(s) of alternative therapeutic substances?
Biomedical pharmaceuticals and diet prescriptions
What type of medicine uses pulses associated with internal organs, each with its own characteristics?
Chinese medicine
what does CRASH stand for?
Culture, respect, assess/affirm, sensitive, humility
What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs?
DSHEA
Children learn food preferences from trusted or valued others. Who has the least long lasting influence?
Parents
When a health care provider imposes their beliefs, practices and values on a patient from another culture, what is this termed?
cultural imposition
In what culture is direct eye contact an expression of sexual interest or aggression?
Filipino
What is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US?
Latinos
Which cultural group is an example of one that believes family should be involved in all health care decisions?
Middle easterners
Aiding the body to heal itself through non-invasive natural treatments is done in what type of medicine?
Naturopathy
Examples of incorporation of food associations
Rare meat to build muscles, walnuts to improve brain function, insects as a protein source.
The need for humans to experiment with food choices but at the same time be conservative is called...
The Omnivore's paradox
What title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 guaranteed equal access to health care services regardless of national origin?
Title VI
What is the definition of culture?
Values, beliefs, attitudes and practices accepted by members of a group or community
Studies on type 2 diabetes suggest that which ethnicity has the lowest rates (although they are still increasing)?
Whites
transition of a society from producers of indigenous foods to consumers of mass-produced foods is called:
consumerization
What is the abrazo, a common greeting for Latinos?
a hug with back patting
what is cultural imposition
a tendency for health personnel to impose their beliefs, practices and values upon another culture because they believe their views are superior.
Cultural membership or social identity is defined by
acculturation
When a smaller group, a minority group, moves into a larger, dominant culture, the process in which the minority group fully assumes the manners and values of the majority is called
acculturation
hot and cold classifications
air-cold, earth-dry, fire-hot, water-moist
Many botanical remedies are derived from plants and herbs. In general, the more comprehensive term botanical would include
all therapeutic parts of the plant
Symbolic use of bread might mean....
association with a religious value, status
What translation technique requires that instructions are repeated back to the clinician?
back interpretation
Culturally specific preferences become apparent around what age?
between 3-6 years of age
The most effective presentation of a message requires a combination of pictures, sounds, and words in the...
broadcast and print media
The most universal of food taboos is:
cannibalism
Foods that satisfy the basic need for food familiarity eaten during personal events or times of stress are called
comfort foods
Rules regarding who can dine together are called....
commensalism
the integration of local, regional, and national phenomena into an unrestricted worldwide organization is:
globalization
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease defines what term?
health
an example of sickness due to the patient
heart disease from eating fatty foods
One classification system used to categorize foods is "edible" versus "inedible." In this classification, to a Hindu vegetarian, beef would be considered
inedible
Television, video, computers, radios and magazines used on target audiences are all forms of what types of channels?
influence
low context cultures
information in a logical, linear sequence, explicit, straightforward, unambiguous, focus on speaker, often miss nonverbal cues, individualism ex. Swiss, Germans, Scandinavians, Americans.
Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the word sympathetic to mean
items that have characteristics similar to human body parts or organs
Complex rules that define how humans eat meals are called....
manners
high context cultures
meaning is in the context, not words, feelings prominent in the conversation, reading between the lines, misunderstandings easily occur, nonverbal communication, group association ex. Asian, middle eastern, native americans
The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called
medical pluralism
To relieve yin (too much cold), a small burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy. What is this procedure called?
moxibustion
What does polychronistic refer to?
multitasking
Disrespectful and often degrade relationshipss
object messages
What does the term action chain refer to?
one phrase or action leads to another
According to the Core and Complementary Foods Model, foods that are eaten sporadically and are an indicator of individual food preference are:
peripheral foods
Changes in food behavior happen most often with
peripheral foods
Messages that demonstrate respect for the individuality of the receiver are called
personal messages
what type of evaluation keeps track of progress throughout the educational program
process
Why is acculturation described as a process? When is the process complete
process is complete when assimilation occurs, when one sheds their ethnical identity and fully merges into the majority culture.