Food and Nutrition Midterm
Based on the USDA's MyPlate, at least _____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal.
1/2
The DRI for total carbohydrates for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.
130
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, 1 cup cooked kidney beans can be substituted with _____ to meet the same nutritional requirement.
2 cups raw kale
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee recommends a diet that provides _____ % of its calories from carbohydrate.
45-65%
A bowl of soup contains 25 grams of fat and provides 470 calories per bowl. What is the percentage of calories obtained from fat in the soup?
48%
What percentage of calories from fat are provided by hamburger that provides 560 calories, 33 grams of fat, 44 grams of carbohydrate, and 26 grams of protein?
53%
How much protein does a woman who weighs 80 kilograms require every day?
64 grams
A 23-year-old male college student, who has a sedentary lifestyle, weighs 175 pounds. What is his DRI for protein?
64 grams/day
What happens if you do not eat regularly throughout the day?
A coordinated effort in the body occurs to draw stored energy from various parts of the body until you eat.
What are conditionally essential amino acids?
Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to produce it
Which of the following compounds is present in garlic?
Antioxidant organosulfur compounds
Which of the following is true about intravenous nutrition?
Compared to eating food, satiety is lower since gastric muscles do not stimulate the release of hormones.
Roberto lost a significant amount of weight during an illness and is considering taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?
Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.
Which of the following statements is true of essential fatty acids?
EPA and DHA tend to collect in cell membranes
A serious digestive problem that increases risk for esophageal cancer is ________.
GERD
Which of the following blood lipids lowers heart disease risk when its value is high?
HDL
What of the following statements is true of a microbiome?
It refers to the collective genes of a specific bacterial sample.
Which of the following is set upon the scientific basis formed by the estimated average requirements (EAR)?
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
Who among the following cannot adopt the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations?
Russell, a 25 year old recovering from major surgery
A woman who is pregnant wants to drink a margarita made from the mix and tequila to relax after a long work week. What would be the best recommendation for her?
She should avoid the alcohol and make a nonalcoholic version with only the mix.
Which of the following characteristics applies to the maintenance stage of behavior change?
Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent
Which of the following statements is true of the daily values?
The daily values are useful when comparing one food to another.
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic diseases?
The possibility of developing chronic diseases depends on genetics and lifestyle choices.
Which of the following is a correct statement about protein intake and changes to muscle tissue?
Well-timed protein intakes can stimulate muscle protein synthesis when paired with exercise.
What are the top two factors that influence food choices?
cost and taste
Your family always has rice available at every meal, just as it has been for every generation. This is an example of food selection because of _________.
cultural tradition
Which of the following is not an affect that regular physical activity has on the body?
decreased bone density
Which of the following is described as a whole food?
dried beans
The Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management sort foods primarily by their _____.
energy nutrient contents
Which of the following is an effective way to increase one's HDL value?
engage in regular exercise
What advice would you give to a friend suffering from constipation?
engage in regular physical activity
What is released when the fight-or-flight response is triggered?
epinephrine, norepinephrine and neutrotransmitters
Which set of dietary reference intake (DRI) values is unique in that it does not focus on nutrient deficiency or toxicity?
estimated average requirements
Any food providing 20% or more of the daily value for a nutrient in one serving may be labeled as a(n) _____ source of the nutrient.
excellent
Which of the following lifestyle factors is not a modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
family history
If you are asked for advice on whether high-fiber diets can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply?
fermentation of fiber in the colon produces small fat molecules that may activate cancer-destroying mechanisms
What nutrient is found in legumes but not steak?
fiber
What determines the standard sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule?
genes
Which of the following is not a controllable lifestyle factor that influences disease risk?
genetics
Hormones are secreted and released directly into the blood by organs known as _____.
glands
The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elevates insulin concentrations can be measured and ranked on a scale called the __________.
glycemic index
The liver converts excess energy-yielding nutrients into _____ for storage.
glycogen and fat
What supplies the body with glucose a few hours after finishing a meal?
glycogen in the liver
Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in _________.
grapes
When you are selecting the type of fish to eat, which of the following should you consider?
grilled, baked or broiled cod provides the most benefit to heart health
Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except:
hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids.
Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the product?
hydrogenated oil
A food producer wants to use a polyunsaturated oil to make a spreadable margarine. Which of the following processes should he use?
hydrogenation
Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat?
ice cream
Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?
impaired kidney function
Which of the following pancreatic hormones lowers the blood glucose level?
insulin
Which of the following proteins is necessary to regulate blood glucose concentration?
insulin
The fluid that helps cells maintain their shape is _________.
intracellular fluid
Which of the following conditions is the most responsive to dietary changes?
iron-deficiency anemia
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?
it carries water-soluble nutrients
which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol?
it has calories
Which of the following is a characteristic of glycogen?
it helps sustain the body's cellular activities
A sign that nutrition information is unreliable is if:
it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims
Which of the following statements is true of hypoglycemia?
it is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose and anxiety
Which of the following statements is true of a polysaccharide?
it is composed of long strands of glucose units linked together
Which of the following is true of an amine group?
it is the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid
What is the function of the saliva secreted by the salivary glands?
it moistens and lubricates food
Digestion of most starch begins in the ______.
mouth
digestion of most starch begins in the ____.
mouth
Which of the following helps protect the stomach lining from the action of strong hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach?
mucus
Which secretion protects the intestinal lining from being broken down during the digestive process?
mucus
Essential fatty acids:
must be supplied by the diet
the term "" foods has no legal definition but is often used to imply wholesomeness.
natural
essential nutrients are:
necessary nutrients that the body cannot make, or make in sufficient quantities, for itself.
Which of the following foods is NOT a major contributor of healthful fatty acids?
nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats
A medium orange and a cup of orange juice each provide 80% of the recommended intake of vitamin C. The orange contains approximately 70 calories, while the juice contains 110 calories. With respect to vitamin C, the orange offers more _____________.
nutrient density
Which of the following is NOT a correct characteristic or outcome associated withHealthy People 2030?
obesity rates have declined slightly
Which of the following sets of foods is devoid of carbohydrate?
oils and solid fats
Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances by:
opening passages in the membrane and escorting substances into and out of the cell.
Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers to prevent:
oxidation
Which of the following foods falls into the protein food group of the USDA Eating Patterns?
oysters
Which of the following is an example of an ultra-processed food?
package of chocolate chip cookies
When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the ______.
pancreas
The wavelike muscular squeezing of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine that pushes their contents along is called _____.
peristalsis
The digestion of food includes the mechanical actions of:
peristalsis waves to move the food down through the digestive tract
The development of chronic diseases that have a connection to poor diet can be:
prevented or improved by making healthy food and lifestyle choices.
Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.
processed
Niacin, thiamin, essential fatty acids, vitamins B6 and B12, magnesium, and zinc are nutrients found in the ________ food group.
protein
Glycogen is stored in the body for future use. If it is drawn upon, it will:
provide energy for cellular activities during extended intervals between meals.
Cholesterol is a member of the group of lipids known as _____.
sterols
Which statement about fatty foods is true?
the fat in foods contributes to satiety
Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to the body because:
the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body's cells.
Which of the following is NOT involved in the sensation and signaling of hunger?
the large intestine
Where does most carbohydrate digestion and absorption occur?
the small intestine
Which change in dietary intake replaces solid fats with monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats?
using humus instead of regular margarine for spreading
Which of the following best fits into a meal plan for an individual trying to eat 1 cup vegetables, 2 ounces grains, and 2 ounces protein foods at lunch?
1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, one ounce of protein foods is equal to all of the following except:
1 cup cooked legumes
All of the following servings contain approximately 15 grams of carbohydrate EXCEPT:
1 cup oatmeal
According to the USDA eating patterns, one teaspoon (tsp) oil is equal to:
1 tsp soft margarine
If a food label states that one serving contains 5 grams of dietary fiber and the daily value is 30 grams, the food would contain _____ % of the daily value for dietary fiber.
16.66
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, what is the amount of vegetables and grains needed every day to maintain the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern at the 2,000-calorie level each day?
2 1/2 cups of vegetables and 6 oz grains
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, which of the following includes the recommended daily amounts of nutrient-dense food from each group for a sedentary, 32-year-old woman who requires 2,000 kcal/day?
2 c fruits, 21/2 c vegetables, 6 oz grains, 51/2 oz protein foods, 3 c milk, and 6 tsp oils
Roberto consumes two slices of toast with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, a cup of yogurt, ½ cup blueberries, and one cup of orange juice for breakfast. What food group equivalents did he consume?
2 oz grains, 2 oz protein, 1 cup dairy, and 1 ½ fruits
The percentages of the daily values in the updated label on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring _____ calories each day.
2,000
An individual's diet may be low in energy, vitamins, and essential fatty acids if less than ____ of calories from fat are consumed.
20%
Which of the following values falls within the dietary reference intake (DRI) ranges for macronutrient intakes to minimize risk of chronic disease when expressed as percentages of total calorie intake?
20% protein, 46% carbohydrate, 33% fat
Which of the following protein intakes does NOT fall within the recommended range for the specified calorie level based on the AMDR?
205 grams in a 2,200-calorie diet
How many calories are provided by a food that contains 22 grams of carbohydrate, 9 grams of protein, and 12 grams of fat?
232
Recommendations for fiber intake are _____ per day for women and ____ per day for men.
25 grams, 38 grams
All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat each except:
3 tablespoons of sour cream
What percent of fat calories did Sanjay consume yesterday if he ate a total of 2200 calories and 73 grams of fat?
30%
Chloe is a college athlete who calculates her estimated energy needs to be 2,500 calories each day. Which of the following daily carbohydrate intakes falls within the AMDR?
350 grams
What is the DRI for protein for an individual who is 45 years old, 6'2" tall, and weighs 210 pounds?
76 grams
One serving of macaroni and cheese contains 330 calories, 36 grams of carbohydrate, and 17 grams of fat. How many grams of protein does one serving contain?
8 grams
You are presenting to a group of consumers about ways to use food labels to choose healthy foods in the grocery store. During your presentation, what would you emphasize?
Comparing similar food products based on nutrient components and understanding the terms used on food labels
Which of the following statements is true of LDL and HDL?
HDL contains a higher percentage of protein relative to lipids
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nutritious diet?
It ensures that the same kind of food is eaten every day.
Which of the following statements is true of lactose intolerance?
It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.
Which of the following is true of a catalyst?
It is a substance that hastens the rate of a chemical reaction without permanently altering itself.
Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision?
Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, reducing the risk of heart disease.
Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How does fiber play a role in lowering blood cholesterol?
Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.
How does the body generate energy in times of energy shortage due to inadequate carbohydrate or fat in foods?
The amine group from the amino acids is removed and the remaining fragments are used for energy.
What happens when an athlete consumes large amounts of protein-rich foods?
The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
Tea and certain spices are not included in the USDA Eating Patterns. Which of the following should one consider while deciding whether to include them in their diet?
They contain phytochemicals, so one should consider including them.
Which of the following statements is true of spreadable margarines made from polyunsaturated oils?
They have a high smoking point, so they are suitable for frying foods at high temperatures.
Which of the following is recommended by the USDA's physical activity guidelines for Americans?
adults should engage in at least 2.5 hours of moderate physical activity each week
Which of the following contains calories and is not considered a nutrient?
alcohol
Which of the following is a true statement about alcohol?
alcohol depresses the brain's activity
The quality of a protein is determined by:
amino acid composition and digestibility
Who among the following will have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?
an 8 year old child
Which food does not contain phytochemicals?
an egg
Which type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence?
an epidemiological study
A celebrity has a half-hour television show describing a new dietary supplement that they claim have made them much healthier. During the show, they describe how they have seen improvement in their skin, hair, and eyesight without going to the doctor. This show is an example of:
an infomercial
Research suggests that consumption of both fermented foods and high-fiber whole foods, such as vegetables, improves the diversity and number of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Researchers think that regularly consuming fermented foods has a greater impact on improving gut health compared to regularly consuming high-fiber foods. They want to test their hypothesis by comparing changes to gut bacteria in people who will consume fermented foods every day for six weeks with those who will consume high-fiber vegetables each day for six weeks. Which type of research design will the scientists consider?
an intervention study
complex carbohydrates
are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber
A loaf of bread is labeled as "high fiber," which means a serving contains __________.
at least 5 grams of fiber
Which of the following statements is true regarding protein intake recommendations?
athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults
Proteins prevent fluid in the body from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells by:
attracting water
Berries are a good source of vitamin C. Cold-water fish such as salmon are a good source of healthy fats containing omega-3 fatty acids, and dairy products are a good source of calcium. Consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods such as these is one characteristic of a nutritious diet known as _____.
balance
A food manufacturer has included the following claim on the container label for a product: "Improves memory." If you were evaluating the claim, you would:
be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.
Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of added sugars in the U.S. diet?
beverages
Which compound emulsifies fat in the small intestine during digestion?
bile
What happens in the digestive process if a person has their gallbladder removed?
bile is released directly into the small intestine by the liver
Which of the following is a difference between glucose and fructose?
body cells take in glucose to use for energy while most fructose is absorbed by the liver
Which of the following statements is false concerning the splitting of glucose for energy?
body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately
What is the structural hierarchy in the body in descending order (largest to smallest)?
body systems, organs, tissues, cells
What is one similarity between the USDA Eating Patterns and the Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management?
both can be used by healthy people.
Kayla has been keeping a daily food log and finds that her average daily intake is 2,100 calories, 77 grams of fat, and 20 grams of saturated fat. How does her average intake compare to the DRI recommendations?
both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet recommendations
Which types of cells do not reproduce and, if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever?
brain cells
All of the following occur in the body when the body's stress response is triggered except for:
breathing becomes slower and shallower
A person has eaten the following vegetables over the past week: carrots, pinto beans, corn, cauliflower, coleslaw, and potatoes. Which of the following vegetables should they eat to be sure to include vegetables from each of the subgroups for the week?
brocoli
Which of the following contains about 10,000 different phytochemicals?
brocoli sprouts
Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management help primarily with _________.
calorie control
A gene variation in the cells can occasionally cause an inborn error of metabolism, which:
cannot be reversed or altered
Which of the following is the preferred fuel for the functioning of the brain and nerves?
carbohydrates
Research often results in new questions that lead to additional studies and different study designs. Which describes a logical progression for how this process occurs?
case studies, epidemiological studies, controlled clinical trials, a meta-analysis
In a study, researchers examine the characteristics and history of three children who suffer from ongoing insomnia and who have low blood levels of vitamin D. They compare these observations and determine that exploring a connection between low vitamin D levels in children and insomnia warrants further research. This study is an example of a(n) _______.
case study
Which cells die and replace themselves every three days?
cells in digestive tract lining
When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:
cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites.
The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of:
centering meals around a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood.
Fatty acids may differ from one another in:
chain length and degree of saturation
Which of the following foods is NOT part of a ovo-vegetarian diet?
cheese
The best way for a person to consume energy and essential nutrients in adequate and balanced amounts is to:
choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.
When you see that foods have a high nutrient density, you should:
choose them because they form the foundation of the diet in the USDA Eating Patterns.
Lipoproteins that are formed when lipids cluster with carrier proteins in the cells of the intestinal lining are called _____.
chylomicrons
You purchased an enriched food product. This means that the product __________.
could be either nutritious or not nutritious
Which statement is true of the fat content of foods?
cream and butter are a source of solid fats
Body fat is used as a source of energy when not enough energy is available from food. This process involves:
dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing fatty acids into the blood.
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to prevent heartburn?
drink plenty of liquids during meals
Which of the following statements is true?
each cell's nucleus contains DNA
One of the approaches to managing diabetes is to:
eat meals at regular time intervals
Protein catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions are _________.
enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are known as ___________.
enzymes
phytochemical found in chocolate that may help heart health
flavanoids
Which food is a good source of lignans?
flaxseeds
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are:
found in seafood and fish
Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on its food label?
fresh bananas
Which of the food groups contains the least amount of protein?
fruits
The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include _____ in the diet.
fruits, vegetables, and grains
Most yogurts contain active, live bacteria cultures that research suggests can improve an individual's gut health. Thus, yogurt is considered a(n) ___________.
functional food
A cell's role and nature of work in the body is determined by _______.
gene activity
Which of the following hormones is released from the pancreas when the blood glucose level is low?
glucagon
What single sugar do all disaccharides contain?
glucose
Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include:
graduation from an accredited university after completing a program of dietetics.
In comparison to butter, safflower oil:
has a lower smoking point
compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:
healthier body weights
Which of the following diseases is responsible for the highest percentage of deaths in the United States?
heart disease
Brianna is using an app on her phone to track her daily calorie and nutrient intake. According to the app, her average daily intake last week was 2150 calories day, 129 grams of protein, 226 grams of carbohydrate, and 81 grams of fat. How does her intake compare to the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)?
her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR but her carbohydrate intake is below it
What is the main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol?
high saturated and trans fat intakes
Which of the following is not a health effect associated with dietary fibers?
increased blood cholesterol levels
An altered immune response that accompanies many chronic diseases is ______.
inflammation
What is the term for an immune response to cellular injury that produces an increase in white blood cells, redness, heat, and swelling?
inflammation
If a nutrient does not have a tolerable upper intake level, this means that:
insufficient data exist to establish a value.
The first three items in the ingredients list on a bottle of orange juice are "sugar, citric acid, orange flavor." What does this description mean?
it states that sugar is the chief ingredient in the juice.
Which of the following statements is true of an elemental diet?
it supports life
What organ allows for the blood to be purified continuously?
kidneys
Which of the following units is used by food scientists to measure food energy?
kilocalories
Which organ completes the absorption process of digestion?
large intestine
Which of the following is the least important factor when learning about your friend's heritage and developing cultural competence?
learning to speak the native language in the culture
Which fat compound enables egg yolks to be an emulsifier?
lecithin
You decide to make a cake using half of the fat called for in the recipe. As a result, the cake will likely be ________.
less tender
A potential harmful effect of consuming too much fiber is:
limited absorption of iron, zinc, or calcium
Which of the following are omega-6 fatty acids?
linoleic and arachidonic acid
Blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____.
liver
The main organ responsible for alcohol breakdown is the ___________.
liver
Which organ stores and releases nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals?
liver
Bile is made by the ___, stored in the ______, and released into the ______.
liver, gallbladder, small intestine
Which of the following is a characteristic of a diet that reduces heart disease risk?
low in trans fat
What fluid helps to activate and transport the cells that defend the body from invading microbes?
lymph
Consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark should be limited due to its ________ content.
mercury
Which term is NOT an accurate descriptor of protein?
micronutrient
Which of the following nutrients is inorganic?
minerals
Consuming sweets and foods with added sugars every day isn't recommended, but consuming them on occasion can be part of a healthy diet. This statement illustrates an important characteristic of a nutritious diet called _____.
moderation
Which nutrient do all B vitamins contain?
nitrogen
A friend says, "My diet contains no sucrose because I don't eat table sugar." Is this likely to be true and why?
no because sucrose occurs naturally in or is added to many foods
Which of the following essential amino acids is used by the body to produce tyrosine?
phenylalanine
Which gland is referred to as the body's master gland because it regulates the activities of other glands and organs in the body?
pituitary
What should the nitrogen status be in a 10-year-old child who is going through a growth spurt given that he needs to build new muscle tissue?
positive nitrogen balance
Legislation requires that all of the following be added to refined grain products EXCEPT for _____.
potassium
Foods in the fruit group are good sources of:
potassium, vitamin C, folate, and fiber.
Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?
poultry
Tonya's mother is worried about her daughter's sedentary lifestyle. She wants Tonya to start walking for 20 minutes each day. Tonya does not see any reason to increase her activity since she's always been healthy. Which stage of behavior change is Tonya in?
precontemplation
An individual has started to set small goals after writing an action plan for change. Which stage of behavior change does this example represent?
preparation
Which of the following foods is not a major part of a Mediterranean diet?
red meat
Which foods are oversupplied by the current U.S. diet?
red meats
Replacing saturated fats and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils:
reduces LDL cholesterol levels in blood while keeping the calorie intake reasonable
Among the following, the starch in _____breaks down rapidly to glucose in the body.
refined white flour
Which of the following sweeteners contains the maximum amount of glucose?
regular corn syrup
The current advice on following a diet to prevent heart disease is to:
replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats
A cereal lists the following ingredients in this order: whole grain oats, brown rice flour, modified corn starch, brown sugar, enriched flour, cinnamon, salt, and calcium carbonate. Which food in the second least-predominant ingredient in the cereal?
salt
The primary source of saturated fat in the U.S. diet is ________.
sandwiches
The feeling of fullness or satisfaction that people experience after meals is known as _____.
satiety
The amount of _____ must be listed on food labels.
saturated fat
What is the best source to use to gather valid nutrition information?
scientific research
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, which protein subgroup is consumed below recommendations by almost 90% of the U.S. population?
seafood
According to current dietary recommendations, trans fat intake should be limited. What is the best approach for accomplishing this?
selecting more whole foods
The bottom portion of the nutrition facts panel on a food package:
serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.
A pregnant woman is concerned about eating fish because of its potential contamination with mercury. What advice would you give her?
she can select fish species that provide EPA and DHA but are low in mercury content, such as salmon
A woman who is on a vegan diet has become pregnant. What would be a health concern for her?
she may have difficulty consuming adequate energy and nutrients during her pregnancy
Nylah has decided to start following a vegan diet. Her lunch consists of a tossed green salad that contains celery, tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions; whole-wheat crackers; and apple juice. What comment would you make about her complementary protein choices?
she should add garbanzo beans to her salad to obtain the protein combination she requires
Where does most protein absorption take place?
small intestine
Most fat digestion takes place in the:
small intestine with lipases released by the pancreas
What nutrient plays a vital role in blood pressure regulation?
sodium
Which of the following nutrients is oversupplied by the current U.S. diet?
sodium
Why is using fiber supplements to increase fiber intake less beneficial when compared to eating more fiber-rich foods?
soluble fiber in supplements resists fermentation
Kimchi, is a regular dish served in Korea. Thus, kimchi is an example of a(n) _____ food of Korea.
staple
Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?
stewing
Some amino acids may contain _______.
sulfur
Which two tastes do we have an inborn preference to enjoy?
sweet and salty
Why does regular drinking promote the development of a "beer belly"?
the body prioritizes alcohol metabolism, which promotes fat storage
A person eating at a restaurant orders a trimmed grilled pork cutlet, tossed green salad with 2 tablespoons of Italian dressing, sweet potatoes with sugar glaze, cheese biscuits, and chocolate mousse for dessert. What assumption can be made about the fat content of this meal?
the calorie content of this meal is high because most items contain either visible or hidden fat
A person may eat when hunger sensations are absent because:
the conscious mind of the cortex can override the body's signals.
Which of the following statements is true of a solution with respect to its pH?
the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution
Which of the following statements is true of fatty acids?
the more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is
Which of the following is a correct statement about type 1 diabetes?
the patient's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas
Intoxication occurs more quickly if:
the stomach is empty
When planning a healthful diet using the USDA Eating Patterns, vegetarians should remember that:
the vegetable group contains legumes, which can be counted as protein foods.
The adequate intake (AI) value for calcium is 1,000 mg, which means that:
there is no RDA value for calcium
Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?
they are beneficial to health irrespective of their intake
Which of the following statements is true of trans-fatty acids?
they are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated
Which of the following statements is true of cells?
they are self-contained living entities
Which of the following is not a function of essential fatty acids?
they provide raw materials for the synthesis of trans fat in the body
A triglyceride molecule consists of:
three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
The major role of all vitamins and minerals in the human body is:
to act as regulators in all body processes
What is the function of enzymes secreted from the small intestine and the pancreas?
to break the chemical bonds holding larger nutrients together
Why did the USDA develop MyPlate as a consumer tool?
to help consumers understand and apply the USDA Eating Patterns
Marcus is a 35-year-old firefighter who wants to take supplements of zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin D to boost his immune health. Which of the following nutrient-intake recommendations would you suggest that Marcus become familiar with?
tolerable upper intake levels (UL)
Jeremiah is looking for ways to incorporate more monounsaturated fats and less saturated fats when preparing his meals. One way he can do this is by:
topping his taco salad with diced avocado of sour cream
The protein hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This is an example of protein's role in:
transporting substances around the body
The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to:
trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells
What is the major storage form of lipids in the body?
triglycerides
The neurotransmitter serotonin is synthesized from ______.
tryptophan
A false story has circulated for several years on the Internet about the chickens used by a popular national fried chicken chain. It claims that the chickens the company uses have been genetically modified to have no heads, beaks, or feet and are kept alive with feeding tubes. This story is an example of:
urban legend
In sickle-cell disease, which of the following amino acids replaces glutamic acid in hemoglobin?
valine
Planning menus that include an assortment of foods to provide sufficient quantities of essential nutrients, fiber, and energy to maintain health and body weight is a principle know as ______________.
variety
Which of the following statements is true of a vegan diet?
vegan children may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build bone and muscle tissue
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
vitamin A
Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?
vitamin B12
Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?
walnuts
Which nutrient is needed in the greatest daily quantity?
water
Which of the following is not capable of denaturing a protein?
water
When determining if a website offers reliable nutrition information, it is best to avoid:
websites that are selling goods or services
Which of the following statements is true of energy-yielding nutrients in the human diet?
when the amount of one energy nutrient changes, the others will change proportionally
The basis of a healthy, nutritious diet is one in which primarily _________ foods are consumed.
whole
Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?
whole grain
Which of the following foods is a vegan source of zinc?
whole grains
Which of the following sugar alcohols has a 100% sweetness relative to sucrose?
xylitol
Which of the following animal-derived foods contain significant amounts of carbohydrates?
yogurt
According to research, what is the relationship between dietary carbohydrates and body weight?
added sugars provide many of the excess calories that cause weight gain among US adults
Which of the following is a correct statement about food consumption and portion sizes?
Measuring foods is a good practice for learning common portion sizes.
What finding from the Seven Countries Study suggested that something other than total fat intake was affecting cardiovascular risk?
One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.
Which of the following drinks contains an ethanol amount that is considered a standard drink?
a 12 oz beer
Which of the following individuals is likely in positive nitrogen balance?
a 38 year-old pregnant woman
Which one of the following is NOT a source of raw oil?
a blend of vegetable and canola oils
Which of the following is a common cause of hypoglycemia?
being sick
An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:
a low intake of folate
The connection formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid is ________.
a peptide bond
Which of the following is NOT a bodily response to regular physical activity?
a smaller volume of blood is pumped
Which of the following details would be provided on a small label on a roll of candy rings?
a website to visit for nutrient information
The importance of the lungs in the circulatory system is that they are responsible for:
adding oxygen to the blood
Compared to previous editions, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025:
address needs of people during key life stages such as pregnancy, lactation, and infancy.
