forces and features of earth
moment magnitude scale
newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moved (displaced) rock along a fault to determine the strength of an earthquake
Which of the following is an example of biological weathering?
plant roots growing through rock
The force that drives earthquake activity is _____.
plate tectonics
convection
process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic material
Which of the following represents the most powerful earthquake?
Great Chilean, 9.5
scale of magnitude based on the size of the seismic waves made by an earthquake
richter scale
Mercalli Intensity Scale
scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake
scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake
triangulation
A seismograph records an earthquake, but scientists do not feel it. The earthquake has a magnitude _____.
< 2.0
How does the Sun contribute to physical weathering?
Minerals in rocks heat and expand at different rates, which causes rocks to break.
epicenter
Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
Which of the following describes the relationship between P and S waves and the epicenter?
The farther away the P and S waves are on a seismogram, the further the epicenter.
How does oxidation weather rocks?
The removal of electrons causes the rock to weaken.
Which of the following is an example of physical weathering?
abrasion
After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.
aftershocks
Where does most seismic activity occur?
along tectonic plate boundaries
Jonah finds a rusty nail outside. The nail is an example of _____.
chemical weathering
Tectonic plate movement is created by _____ in the underlying mantle.
convection
Carbonic acid _____.
dissolves limestone and other rocks
Silicate rocks are weathered by into the clay minerals.
hydrolysis
elastic rebound
immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape
Earthquakes are the cause of other natural disasters, such as _____.
landslides, tsunamis and liquefaction.
aftershocks
smaller quakes produced after a major quake caused by rocks shifting to new positions
focus
specific point in the earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake
Frost wedging weathers rock because _____.
water expands when it freezes
surface waves
waves that travel on the surface of the earth; there is one type of surface wave: Love waves
body waves
waves that travel through the interior of Earth; there are two types: primary and secondary waves
liquefaction
wet soil behaves like a liquid and is no longer able to support buildings during an earthquake
