forces and features of earth

moment magnitude scale

newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moved (displaced) rock along a fault to determine the strength of an earthquake

Which of the following is an example of biological weathering?

plant roots growing through rock

The force that drives earthquake activity is _____.

plate tectonics

convection

process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic material

Which of the following represents the most powerful earthquake?

Great Chilean, 9.5

scale of magnitude based on the size of the seismic waves made by an earthquake

richter scale

Mercalli Intensity Scale

scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake

scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake

triangulation

A seismograph records an earthquake, but scientists do not feel it. The earthquake has a magnitude _____.

< 2.0

How does the Sun contribute to physical weathering?

Minerals in rocks heat and expand at different rates, which causes rocks to break.

epicenter

Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

Which of the following describes the relationship between P and S waves and the epicenter?

The farther away the P and S waves are on a seismogram, the further the epicenter.

How does oxidation weather rocks?

The removal of electrons causes the rock to weaken.

Which of the following is an example of physical weathering?

abrasion

After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.

aftershocks

Where does most seismic activity occur?

along tectonic plate boundaries

Jonah finds a rusty nail outside. The nail is an example of _____.

chemical weathering

Tectonic plate movement is created by _____ in the underlying mantle.

convection

Carbonic acid _____.

dissolves limestone and other rocks

Silicate rocks are weathered by into the clay minerals.

hydrolysis

elastic rebound

immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape

Earthquakes are the cause of other natural disasters, such as _____.

landslides, tsunamis and liquefaction.

aftershocks

smaller quakes produced after a major quake caused by rocks shifting to new positions

focus

specific point in the earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake

Frost wedging weathers rock because _____.

water expands when it freezes

surface waves

waves that travel on the surface of the earth; there is one type of surface wave: Love waves

body waves

waves that travel through the interior of Earth; there are two types: primary and secondary waves

liquefaction

wet soil behaves like a liquid and is no longer able to support buildings during an earthquake