Forensics

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Hemotoxyin and eosin (H&E)

!!! look up

What is the correct order for blow fly development

"Egg, Larvae, Pupae, Adult"

Asphault has an approximate coefficient of friction of:

0.8

SANE Qualifications & Certifications

1. 2 years RN experience 2. 40 hour SANE training 3. Internship 4. SANE-A certification available through IAFN/ANCC Certifications: SANE-A, CFN, D-ABMDI/F-ABMDI

Potential Consequences of EC Laws: Texas

1. All abortion clinics have to have full emergency room & staff available = ended up shutting down a lot of clinics that could not afford to do this 2. Long term consequences: alarming # of women trying to end a pregnancy themselves a. Self induced abortion by taking Misoprostol, Cytotec b. 100,000-240,000 said they have attempted this

Approximately how many species of calliphoridae are described?

1000

Flies MAY colonize a body within

15 seconds

Someone with potassium concentration of 7.86 in the vitreous died approximately how long ago? (Round to the nearest number of hours)

17 hours ago

The Dreyfus affair happened in:

1894 and 1895

When did Edmond Locard propose his principle of contact?

1910

Psychologists were used for the first time in a Belgian court in:

1911

In what year was the Migratory Bird Treaty passed?

1918

When was the Guid to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material First Published?

1939

In what year was the Marine Mammal Protection Act passed?

1972

Which of these indicates the twist rate?

1:100 mm

Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet

1:50 mm

In what year were the recommendations concerning the examination and identification of controlled substances finalized by SWGDRG?

2000

What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?

90

Dr. Jones mentioned that Facebook can figure out your economic status with _________ accuracy.

90%

What is an acrosome?

A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell head

Cocaine is considered:

A naturally occuring drug

Tangential impact usually results in what type of wound at the site of impact?

Abrasion

A 20 year old woman falls from her roof and dies. What is the probable manner of death?

Accident

When using the brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change

Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisdine and prodcue a purple color

When using the Brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?

Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisidine and produce a purple color

A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:

Acute Poisoning

For what reason is estimating time of death important?

All of the above

In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?

All of the above

All of the following are components of saliva except

Amino Acids

In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?

Analyze

Deep blue livor mortis is characteristic of what

Asphyxia

A poisonous substance produced by bacteria is

Bacteriotoxin

AP screening test

Bromo chloro indolyl phosphate (BCIP)- forms insoluble blue precipitate Diazo red- forms a orange/red precipitate Sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate (STMP) forms a blue color change Fast Blue B (Brentamine blue) turns dark pink/violet.

The presence of methemeglobin causes:

Brown livor

How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?

By inflating a bladder under its forehead

A quasi-intentional tort accomplished by a written defamatory statement is a/an A. false light B. slander C. libel D. invasion of privacy

C. libel

Which one of the following statements regarding definitions is true? A. rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse are defined the same across North America B. rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse can be used interchangeably with law enforcement agencies. C. terms such as rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse have to be defined differently to allow for penetration crimes vs. unwanted sexual contact of all types with males and females D. having all-inclusive terms like rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse has led to the accuracy and high percentage of people reporting these crimes to police

C. terms such as rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse have to be defined differently to allow for penetration crimes vs. unwanted sexual contact of all types with males and females

What is agglutination

CLumping of erythrocytes

Where is nuclear DNA found?

Chromosomes

What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?

Confirmatory Test

What is the condition in which no light emerges when two polarizers are placed so that the privileged directions are perpendicular?

Crossed polars

Hair is considered class evidence UNLESS:

DNA is present

Luminol is best used in what kind of environment?

Darkened

Who was the doctor who used maggot debridement therapy in World War I?

Dr. William Baer

"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "

Empathy

Who generally develops earlier

Females

Which of the following products or acts is NOT prohibited under the initial Lacey Act?

Foreign commerce in illegally obtained wildlife

What is the difference between forensic exam and medical exam?

Forensic is for evidence and medical is for treatment

What would be an accurate statement about forensic nursing?

Forensic nurse examiners conduct court ordered evaluations regarding sanity or competency.

Tandem mass spectrometers are not

Futuristic super machines

Which of these historical figures is credited with establishing scientific examination of firearms evidens in the United States?

Goddard

Which jury is tasked with handing down an indictment?

Grand jury

What type of tool is used to measure the number, direction and degree of twist of lands and grooves?"

Helixometer

Phenolphthalein tests for the presence of:

Hemoglobin

Tramline bruising is indicative of:

High velocity impact with a cylindrical solid object

What makes lockpicking possible?

Imperfections in pin hole alignment

You can most commonly find Blatella Germanica?

In kitchens and Bathrooms

What technique is customary in the United States for autopsy examination?

Inframammory Incision

Laws re: EC Vary by State

Iowa = no policy regarding ERs being required to provide emergency contraception or dispense it upon request - 30 states have no policy

The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances

It regulates all of these

When a candle burns, what happens to the wax?

It vaporizes and reacts with oxygen in the air

What is true about handwriting?

It's a learned process

What is anoxia?

Lack of oxygen

Duquenoise-Levine

MARIJUANNAAAAA

What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)?

None of the above

What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?

Normal Hand forgeries

Expert Witness

Person who is recognized by the court as having a certain level of skill or expertise in a designated area and possesses superior knowledge because of education or specialized experience.

Secondary Reaction

Precipitation, Agglutination

What is an advantage of GC-MS?

Provides the most accurate confirmation of identification

What are friction skin ridges good for, biologically?

Providing firmer grasp and resistance to slippage

Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce

Pseudomonas fluorescens

The surface tension of blood is

Slightly less than water

The christmas tree stain is used to identify which cells?

Sperm Cells

Amylase Digests:

Starch

_________ is a death that occurs within a few hours of the onset of symptoms or death without any symptoms.

Sudden death

What Greek meanings describe the roots to the term pathologists?

Suffering and word

There are a considerable amount of mentally ill patients in prison these days. Prisoners are at a high risk for ________________. Look for ________________ in patients as well.

Suicide; Post traumatic stress disorder.

Blood with not break into smaller droplets or spatters unless what is disrupted?

Surface tension

Tiger whiskers are used as

Talismans

Killers with lower IQs:

Tend to be engaged in disorganized crime scenes

The older a pupae is:

The darker it is

You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?

The sample is positive for amylase

According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"

This isnÕt one of the teeth

You find a body and the livor mortis shows blanching when touched. What do you know?

This person has been dead less than 8-12 hours

You see ashes and soot left over from a fire. What do you know?

This was the result of incomplete combustion

Who wrote The Identification of the Human Skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?

Thomas Dwight

College Campuses Study

University of California & U of Michigan = highest rates of sexual assault on campus at 30%

Urine is sterile until

Until it reaches the urethra

You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?

Urban Entomology

What is the process of using infrared to analyze inks where they can appear to glow, be transparent, or appear unchanged and also to analyze forgeries in passports, visas, etc.?

Video Spectral Comparison

The Benzidine test:

Works on the same basic principle as hydrogen peroxide

Which is not part of TLC?

a solvent comprised of blue ink and water

Which of these is the most accurate at long ranges?

full metal jacket

Which insect houses microorganisms in its gut that allow for digestion of cellulose?

termite

What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?

test method

Which is not an example of a potential heat source?

wool blanket

toxicologists

work with drugs or poisons after ingestion

A chemical found in an organism that is not normally produced by or expected to be present in that organism is a:

xenobiotic toxin

In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?

"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."

n humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?

"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."

What does ADME stand for?

"Absorption, distribution, metabolism, exertion"

"You are caught with hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?

"Community service, provided you have a good lawyer"

When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"

"Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue"

Why was the case People v Hawthorn important to forensic psychology?

"It resulted in psychologists being evaluated on their expertise, not the presence or absence of a medical degree"

Pin stacks consist of:

"Key pins, driver pins and springs"

Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?

"Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"

Tool mark evidence that is too large to be collected directly should be:

"Measured, photographed and cast"

What are the three main components of DNA?

"Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base"

Psychopathy entails:

"Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm"

National Bureau of Justice Definition of Sexual Assault

"Sexual contact of one person with another without appropriate legal consent" - Fewer than half of sexual assaults are reported - 60-80% are committed by an acquaintance

What is anthropology?

"The study of origins, behavior, and development of humans"

Specimen Collection

- Use sexual assault kit issued by Division of Criminal Investigation (DCI) - Follow the instruction sheet included; generally proceed from least invasive --> most invasive

First criminal indicted on DNA evidence

-Collin Pitchfork

What are amplicons

-Millions of copies of original DNA

How many grooves does a hook cutter make with one swipe?

1

The maximum punishment for violating the endangered species act is a fine of $50,000 and up to ____ years in prison

1

When SEM is combined with EDS what is the smallest size particle that can readily be resolved?

1 micrometer

How long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?

1 year

ow long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?

1 year

Absorption-elution method

1) Antigens are immobilized on a solid phase matrix 2) Antibodies are aded and absorbed 3) Unbound antibodies are washed away 4) Bound antibody is eluted 5) Eluted antibody is tested w/ indicator cells 6) Eluted antibody is identified by a positive agglutination run

Steps to Presumptive test

1) Organic chromogenic compound 2) Oxidizer

Approximately how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day?

1-1.5 L

Approximatly how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day

1-1.5 L

SANEs - What they do (2)

1. Conduct medical-forensic exam a. Treat injuries, assess health risks, prevent disease, referrals 2. Collect time-senstive evidence a. Document injuries b. Collect samples for evidence - by law you have 10 years to decide if you want to report that SA to the police & can still use the medical evidence - Primarily looking for DNA - Swab inside of patient's mouth for their DNA & then generally vaginally swab for perp.'s DNA - Collect underwear as well, crime lab examines this

Impact of SANEs (5)

1. Ease trauma - Helps prevent PTSD by giving victim control, avoiding blame, providing empathetic support, validating the victim's decisions, providing unconditional acceptance, helping to decrease feelings of isolation 2. 85% of survivor identified nurses' listening to them as 1 thing that helped them the most during their crisis period 3. In 8 in-depth interviews, patients said they felt respected, listened to, safe, in control, cared for, believed & informed 4. STI/HIV Prevention? 5. Increased reporting & conviction rates after implementation of a SANE program in Michigan

PTSD Signs & Symptoms (15)

1. Efforts to avoid thoughts 2. Avoids activities 3. Poor memory 4. Anhedonia 5. Feeling detached 6. Feeling "flat" 7. Sense of foreshortened future 8. Flash-backs 9. Difficulty with sleep 10. Irritability 11. Outbursts of anger 12. Hypervigilence 13. Difficulty concentrating 14. Exaggerated startled response 15. Intrusive thoughts

Sexual Assault: 5 Major Public Health Issues

1. Psychological Impact a. ASD, PTSD, Depression, Suicide 2. STIs - including HIV 3. Pregnancy 4. Physical Injuries 5. Substance Abuse

Two types of acid phosphatase

1. Seminal acid phosphatase (SAP) aka prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), Prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), or acid phosphatase (AP) 2. Vaginal acid phosphatase (VAP)

9 Specialties

1. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE)** LARGEST specialty 2. Medical Examiner (MEI)/Coroner a. Death investigator 3. Legal Nurse Consultant/Nurse Attorney a. Work closely with law firm or public attorney's office b. Medical perspective on malpractice suits - standard held to a nurse is what would a reasonable nurse do 4. Forensic Psychiatric Nurse a. Homicide/suicide cases: is the patient legally insane? 5. Correctional Health Nurse 6. Forensic Nurse Educator 7. Clinical Forensic Nurse 8. Disaster Nursing a. Caring for trauma patients while making sure evidence is preserved 9. Consultant a. Developing materials & evidence to help other disciplines

9 Steps to the Evidentiary Exam

1. Victim taken in private room/exam explained 2. Introduction of advocate 3. Informed consent 4. Medical history 5. History of incident a. Not asked a lot of detail here b. Traumatized brain does not remember everything accurately, in the right order c. If detail given here does not match exactly details given in court later, defense attorney's will use that 6. Collection of evidence a. Once evidence kit is opened, nurse CANNOT leave the room b. Can collect evidence from morgue c. Controversial: unconscious ICU patient - is it okay to do the exam? d. Bruises, scratches, bite marks = all documented 7. Pregnancy, STI prevention 8. Offer HIV nPEP 9. Follow-up instructions a. Goal is to arrange 3 follow-up appts

3 things a forensic nurse examiner's determining in a case?

1. Whether or not the defendant was using drugs. 2. Whether the defendant's reasoning ability was affected by any medical condition. 3. What the social context of the crime was.

Brentamine reaction

1. alpha-naphthyl phosphate + acid phosphatase -> free naphthol + sodium phosphate 2. free naphthol + colorless azo dye -> color change

Traveling at 5 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?

1.2 feet

In temperate areas, approximately how long does it take for skeletonization to happen?

1.5 years

In general, how quickly do light meals pass through the stomach?

1.5-2 hours

The 3 types of witnesses

1.The principals *plantiffs and defendants* 2. The fact witness 3. The expert witness

How long is a forensic psychiatrists certification valid?

10 years

Approximately how many GSW deaths are from CNS injury?

10%

How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel (according to lecture)?

100 feet

How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel?

100 feet

Blood splatter less than 1mm

100 feet per second

You find a spatter pattern with blood drops less than 1 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?

100 feet per second

Approximately how many sperm cells can you expect per ejaulation event in a normal human male?

100-150 million

Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay at one time?

100-300

Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay at one time?

100-300

Approximately how many species of Calliphoridae are described?

1000

In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating that entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?

10th and 13th

In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating the entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?

10th and 13th

When does friction ridge skin form?

12th week of development

How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States

13

How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States?

13

How many loci have been selected as the standard in the united states?

13

Tooth eruption is reasonably reliable up until what age?

14 years

Flies MAY colonize a body within:

15 seconds

How far (on average terrain) do dispersing maggots travel?

15-20 ft

Using known frequencies we discussed in class, what percentage of serial killers fall into the standard profile of white make, mid to late 20s?

16.10%

The McNaughton rule stems from a case in

1843

When did thomas dwight write his famous anthropology paper?

1878

When was anthropometry officially implemented as an identification system in France?

1883

When did the Luetgert murder case take place?

1897

When was George Amos Dorsey called in as an expert witness?

1897

When was the Henry classification system developed?

1897

First wildlife act passed in

1900

In what year was the lacey act passed?

1900

When did the Frye test come into existence?

1923

When did the FBI first create its forensic anthropology lab?

1932

When was the Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material first published?

1939

In which year were properly trained psychologists allowed to testify about the defendantÕs mental state?

1940

What year was psychological evidence (not directly applied to the mental state of the defendant) presented for the first time in a US court?

1954

A draft of what would become the Federal Rules of Evidence was put forth in:

1969

The controlled substances act came about in:

1970

When did the concepet of drugs being legal or illegal come about

1970's

When did the concept of drugs being legal or illegal come about?

1970s

Herbert Leon MacDonell conducted his first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?

1973

Herbert Leon MacDonnell conducted hist first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?

1973

When was the endangered species act passed?

1973

When did the Federal Rules of Evidence come into existence?

1975

Programs that teach nurses to work with sexual assault vicitims have existed in the United States since:

1976

What year was the Omnibus Crime Code for Insanity adopted?

1984

What year was the omnibus crime code for insanity adopted

1984

when were federal funds allocated to construct a dedicated laboratory for forensic wildlife investigations?

1989

In what year did the federal government enact a death investigation operation?

1990s

When did the Daubert test come into existence?

1993

In what year was the American Board of Forensic Entomology born?

1996

In which year did the ANA publish The Scope and Standards of Forensic Nursing?

1997

In which year did the Texas legislature pass a bill requiring minimum standards for SANE certification?

1997

Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet?

1:50 mm

How many grooves does a scrape cutter make with one swipe?

2

The CGS level assoicated with a partially recognizable body but absence of hands and/or feet is:

2

Approximately how much damage do termites do every year?

2 billion

Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average)

2-6 ml

Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average):

2-6 ml

What is the average perception-response time for a path intrusion at night?

2.1 seconds

What is the dental formula for a human child?

2.1.2

What is the dental formula for a human child?

2.1.2.

A 2 year old has how many teeth (usually)?

20

You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, illium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?

20

You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, llium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?

20

Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay in her lifetime (according to lecture)?

2000-3000

Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay in her lifetime?

2000-3000

In which year did the state of New Jersey pass legislation requiring a SANE in every county prosecutor's office in the state?

2001

In which year did theWorld Report on Violence and Health get released?

2002

When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court

2003

When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court?

2003

According to the chapter on wildlife forensics, which year saw the largest number of cases?

2006

When does the lamboida suture BEGIN closing?

21

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans inherit from their parents

23

How many pairs of chromosomes, including the gender chromosome, do humans have?

23

After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?"

24-48

After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?

24-48 hours

You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 1-4 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?

25-100 feet per second

What is the total magnification range of the compound binocular microscope, according to your reading?

25-1200 times greater than the object

What was the speed of the Ford F-150 at the beginning of the skid marks

28

Urea

2nd largest constituent of urine. Breakdown of protein. Directly related to diet of the individual. Found in urine, semen, saliva, sweat and serum. Crystals form when combined with xanthydrol and acetic acid (indirect method). Urea nitrate crystals form when acetone extract of a urine stain is followed by a conversion to urea nitrate (direct method). Is hydrolyzed to CO2 and ammonia in presence of enzyme urease

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 2 is known as:"

2nd molar

How many larval instars do blow flies have?

3

How many larval instars to blow flies have?

3

What is the minimum number of consecutive striations that must be found on each bullet to constitute a match?

3

What percentage of human genomic DNA codes for proteins?

3

Bone

3 layers: periosteum, hard, spongy

What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?

3-15 mins

What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?

3-15 minutes

Indican

3-indoxy sulfuric acid. Can be detected w/ TLC

In general, how quickly do liquids pass through the stomach?

30

What is the cutoff point between high velocity and low velocity injuries?

300 meters per second

Approximately how many animal species are protected under the endangered species act (according to lecture)?

3000

How many teeth do most human adults have?

32

Street heroin is approximatly how pure

35%

Street heroin is approximatly how pure?

35%

Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?

3500, 55

Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?

3500,55

The CGS level assoicated with disarticulation of the skull and skull fragmentation is:

4

Approximately how long does it take intraocular fluid to dry up after death?

4 days

What is the range of the total volume of blood in healthy individuals?

4.5 6.0 liters

Traveling at 10 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?

4.7 feet

Death from blood loss

40%

Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:

40% blood volume

Death from blood loss happens at approximately

40% blood volume loss

Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:

40% blood volume loss

In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components

45%

In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components?

45%

According to the lecture, about how many victims were found during the Green River murder investigation?

48

What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?

4th ammendment

The controlled substance act classified into how many schedules

5

What is the distance from the beginning of the skid marks to the point the pedestrian was hit?

5

You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. How fast (approximatly) was this blood moving?

5 feet per second

Approximately how many GSW deaths are from exsanguination?

50%

Plasma makes up _______ of whole blood and is referred to as blood ___________.

55% and serum

Seminal fluid

60% seminal vesicle fluid (proteins, flavins). 30% prostatic fluid (AP, PSA). 5% epididymis secretions. 5% bulbourethral gland secretions.

PTSD

65% met criteria at 4 weeks 76% met criteria at some point within a year - At 5 year, 26% stated they never recovered - Estimated cost of sexual assault: $159,864

An unknown body gets the following Gustafson score:A=2P=3S=2T=2C=1R=2. What is the person's approximate age?

66 years

The speed of dropping blood maxes out at

7 feet

How many grains in a pound?

7000

According to lecture, what percentage of data intercepted at night coming from the dorms at TAMU involved download of torrents and porn? "

75%

Urine production

750 mL - 2000 mL

Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?"

8--16

A healthy, normal-sized man dies in his home. The ambient temperature is 74 F, and he is not near a draft. He is wearing a light shirt and shorts. You take his body temperatures: Skin: 76.6 F; Liver: 82.6 F; Underarm: 78.6 F; Scalp: 74.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 80.6 F. Approximately how long ago did he die (assuming his normal body temp is 98.6 F, and he was not running a fever?)"

8-11 hours

Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?

8-16

Approximately what percentage of blood types are Rh+?

85%

Approximatley what % of blood types are Rh+

85%

"According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male? "

88.20%

According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male?

88.20%

"you measure a drop of blood, and get its length at 10 mm and its width at 10mm. This blood hit the target surface at what angle?

90 degrees

What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?

90%

Scientific certainty is generally restricted to what percent levels?

90% or higher

HIV Prophylaxis

<72 hours of post-exposure BID for 28 days - Evidence nPEP is effective (not 100%) - Side Effects: about half experience a. N/V, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Headache b. Give 5 days worth to see how patient tolerates the med & then whether they wish to continue - Risks: Liver toxicity (rare) - Cost: $600-$1,000 a. Paid for by state

Which death situation is most likely to be reversed given cutting edge techniques?

A 4 year old boy falls through the ice and is under in 40 minutes

What is acrosome

A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell

A crescent-shaped laceration on the head can indicate:

A circular or spherical implement

Narcissism entails:

A concentration of the psychological interest in the self

A macroscopic crime scene is most likely to be searched by:

A crime scene investigator or field tech

What is an opiate?

A large class of drugs able to cause euphoria as well as relieve pain

An amorphous material is:

A material in which the molecules are not arranged regularly

What is the difference between a medical examiner and a coroner?

A medical examiner is a medical doctor, while a coroner is an appointed or elected official

Morphine is considered:

A naturally occuring drug

A mass murderer is

A person who has murdered more than four people during a single event with no cooling off

A serial killer is:

A person who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month with a cooling off period

Sadism entails:

A pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior

Distal embolization occurs when:

A projectile slows enough and enters the vascular system

A good example of a fixed point for sketching a crime scene would be:

A recorded utility pole

Y-shaped splits at the corners of lacerations can indicate:

A rectangular implement

Which of these is considered low velocity?

A rock falling at 51 meters per second

What is a control sample?

A sample of carpet from a separate room or protected area

"You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?

A schedule V drug

You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?

A schedule V drug

According to your reading, what is increasingly the entry-level requirement for a crime scene processing job?

A science degree from a college or university

LSD is considered:

A semisynthetic drug

According to your reading, what is ethics?

A set of rules that govern conduct of a professional working in a given field

Which is not part of TLC?

A solvent comprised of blue ink and water

An endangered species is:

A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range

What is a chromogene?

A substance capable of generating a colored species

Phencyclidine is considered

A synthetic drug

Phencyclidine is considered:

A synthetic drug

An indentation tool mark is made when:

A tool is pressed against a softer surface

Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?

A triangular pelvis

Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?

A triangular pubis

What is a toxicant?

A type of poison made by humans or introduced into the human environment by human activity

Which of these is an example of a venom?

A viper bite

What Antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?

A with Anti-B

What antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?

A with Anti-B

Which of these is considered direct evidence?

A witness statement

You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-A and anti-D. What blood type does this represent?

A+

You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-d and anti-a what blood type does this represent

A+

The forensic psychiatric nurse makes the decision that a defendant is criminally not responsible based on which one of the following A. Mental status at the time of the offense B. Mental state during the assessment C. Diminished capacity D. Presence of actus reus

A. Mental status at the time of the offense

A legal nurse consultant is A. a registered nurse who is knowledgeable in many aspects of law, nursing, and medicine, as well as the sociocultural influences in patient care, legal claims, and litigation. B. a nurse who serves as a secretary in a large law corporation. C. a clinical nurse who served as a witness in a landmark case. D. a nurse who reviews evidence of child abuse.

A. a registered nurse who is knowledgeable in many aspects of law, nursing, and medicine, as well as the sociocultural influences in patient care, legal claims, and litigation.

The Omaha System provides standardized terms for client problems, practitioner interventions, and problem-specific client outcomes. Some Omaha System problems that are particularly applicable in forensic nursing A. abuse, skin, communicable/infectious condition B. speech and language, vision, hearing C. respiration and circulation D. personal care, medication regimen

A. abuse, skin, communicable/infectious condition

Internalized responsibility is A. accountability B. veracity C. justice D. authority

A. accountability

The duty of the forensic nurse is to protect the client from harm, which is enunciated by the ethical principle or nonmalfeasance. The duty to provide service for the good of the client is enunciated in the ethical principle of A. beneficence B. malfeasance C. consequentialism D. nonconsequentialism

A. beneficence

Extensive investigation may be required in a trauma or unnatural death, based on A. circumstances of death and mechanism of injury. B. variations of medical examiner or coroner system. C. patient identification and insurance. D. is not allowed by the nurse investigator.

A. circumstances of death and mechanism of injury

Most forensic psychiatric mental-health nurses work with A. criminal offenders B. victims of violent crimes C. civil cases D. defense attorneys

A. criminal offenders

According to the American Nurses Association and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (2009), basic forensic nursing is a A. generalist practice B. specialist practice C. mixed practice D. legal practice

A. generalist practice

For the accused to be found guilty in criminal litigation, the prosecution must prove A. guilt beyond a reasonable doubt B. guilt beyond all doubts C. clear and convincing guilt D. guilt based on preponderance of the evidence

A. guilt beyond a reasonable doubt

The initials SANE after a nurse's name signify that the nurse A. has met certification requirements of a certifying body for performing sexual assault examinations B. can examine adults and children in performance of a forensic nursing position C. does not have a psychiatric mental illness D. is required by law to perform forensic examinations on patients

A. had met certification requirements of a certifying body for performing sexual assault examinations

Research has shown that there is a significant effect on the actions of jury members when they are exposed to stories about physical evidence and its potential to A. include or exclude a suspect B. provide evidence about the witness C. translate the judge's rulings D. make the attorney look informed

A. include or exclude a suspect

Research reports on violence prevention strategies A. include weapon control B. have existing well-evaluated outcomes C. do not need further interagency coordination D. all of the above

A. include weapon control

Deaths that are reportable to the coroner/medical examiner include A. inmates in public institutions B. undiagnosed cancer patients C. Heart attacks D. all deaths in an ambulance

A. inmates in public institutions

Well-designed forensic nursing research, once it had been published and disseminated, has the potential to become a practice standard, as demonstrated in McFarlane, Groff, O'Brien, and Watson. (2006). This randomized clinical trial concluded that simple abuse assessment and the offer of referrals have the potential to A. interrupt and prevent recurrence of intimate partner violence B. escalate and magnify recurrence of intimate partner violence C. protect and insulate the survivor of the intimate partner violence D. reunite the abused and the abuser in a working relationship

A. interrupt and prevent recurrence of intimate partner violence

Evidence-based practice often cites randomized control trials (RCT) as the highest level of evidence. The use of RCT research A. may not be best for understanding nursing care with victims of violence B. incorporates caring, spirituality, and ethics C. can be defined as a systematic review of the literature D. is always the best evaluation of nursing outcomes

A. may not be best for understanding nursing care with victims of violence

Education concepts should be found in A. mission of the educational institution B. would not address ethnicity or multiculturalism C. health-care definitions D. forensic education syllabus

A. mission of the educational institution

Competency is temporal and thus A. must always be reevaluated and reinstated B. becomes a permanent issue over a specified time period C. fades over time and the decision automatically reverses D. must be evaluated no a monthly basis

A. must always be reevaluated and reinstated

The most important work for the legal nurse consultant in any case is to A. organize and verify that key medical and forensic records have been obtained. B. interview defendants. C. interview plaintiffs. D. communicate with opposing counsel, judge, jury, and insurance adjustor or mediator.

A. organize and verify that key medical and forensic records have been obtained.

In a civil case, the litigant who files the Complaint to commence a lawsuit is the A. plaintiff B. defendant C. witness D. consultant

A. plaintiff

The goal of all lawsuits is to A. resolve disputes B. punish the wrongdoer C. unite families D. provide work for attorneys

A. resolve disputes

Alternative light source (ALS) should be used to detect A. semen B. gonorrhea C. human papilloma virus D. pelvic inflammatory disease

A. semen

What is the overall proves an examiner uses with fingerprints?

ACE-V

In Humans two DNA n=loci code for amylase... which statement is true

AMY 1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast mil and perspirartions

In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?

AMY1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast milk and perspiration

In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?

AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration.

Alpha-amylase

AMY1- salivary amylase (HSA). Saliva, breast milk, perspiration, tears AMY2- pancreatic amylase (HPA). Pancreas, vaginal secretion, seminal plasma, fecal material

Serological testing

Ab and Ag concentration must be adjusted so max. Ab-Ag takes place. For agglutinins, prepare a series of doubling dilutions of antisera and test w/ constant [ ] of antigen. For precipitins, dilute antigen w/ constant [ ] of antisera.

Why is the magnetic brush technique more useful on some surfaces than conventional black powder?

Able to remove excess powder

A wound that does not penetrate the full thickness of the skin and that usually heals without scarring is called:

Abrasion

A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:

Acute poisoning

How do fingerprint powders work?

Adherence to the fatty components in fingerprint residue

Lawyers representing one of two rival positions arguing for acceptance is called:

Adversarial system

Bushmeat tends to come from which area?

Africa and Asia

Cross-over electrophoresis

Agar gel in butter. Stain extract in cathodic well; antiserum in anodic well. Electric current drives serum proteins toward the anode. Antibodies toward the cathode b/c of electroendosmosis. Current causes sodium cations in buffer to move toward cathode, carrying the antibodies w/ it.

Starch-iodine radial diffusion test

Agarose gel w/ starch added. Add samples and control. Incubate overnight. Add iodine solution. W/in secs iodine will turn starch a dark blue color. Areas w/out starch remain colorless. In presence of amylase, absence of blue color and its relative size can be used as in indicator of the hydrolysis reaction.

Who is known as the pioneer of the questioned document field?

Albert Osborn

Who is the field of questioned documents credited to?

Albert Osborn

#1 Date Rape Drug that SANE Nurses See

Alcohol!

Who was the French artillery officer charged with treason based on questioned documents

Alfred Dreyfus

Who invented dynamite?

Alfred Nobel

What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B

All

What is not an example of a pyrimidine?

All are considered pyrimidines

In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function Blowback Recoil Gas Piston

All of the above

In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston

All of the above

In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston

All of the above

PCR can be described as

All of the above

What is a category of tool marks? Compression tool marks Sliding tool marks Cutting tool marks

All of the above

What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B

All of the above

What is a type of fraudulent writing? Freehand simulations Tracings Normal hand forgeries

All of the above

What is considered a class characteristic of a firearms?

All of the above

What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist

All of the above

What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?

All of the above

What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching

All of the above

Why is DNA important?

All of the above

A female pelvis should have:

All of these

Expirated blood can mimic: Low velocity Medium velocity High velocity

All of these

What compounds give fecal matter its characteristic smell?

All of these

Expirated blood can mimic:

All of these (all velocities)

What substance do cockroaches feed on?

All of these are areas of forensic entomology

Which substance do cockroaches feed on?

All of these are areas of forensic entomology

Which of these is a legitimate criticism of using psychological tests to assess a defendantÕs mental state? Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest Answers: The tests donÕt address legal issues Norms are gathered for a general population and may not apply to a disturbed individual Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest

All of these are criticisms

Which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?

All of these are good ways to locate semen stains

Which of these is a good way to locate semen stains?

All of these are good ways to locate semen stains

which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?

All of these are good ways to locate semen stains

Which of these is considered individual evidence in handwriting? Loops Pressure Proportions Movement All of these are individual evidence

All of these are individual evidence

What is a problem with the starch-iodine test?

All of these are problems

Which of these is NOT a gas produced by putrefaction (as discussed in lecture)?

All of these are produced

Why did Dr. Brundage think up so many questions about forensic entomology?

All of these are true

Which amylase catalyzes bonds within the polyglucan chains?

Alpha-amylase

What is the preferred method for SAP activity testing?

Alpha-naphthyl phosphate and Brentamine Fast Blue B

What organization examines and certifies forensic physical anthropologists at the postdoctoral level and provides oversight in professional conduct?

American Board of Forensic Anthropology

All of the following are components of saliva except

Amino acids

Presumptive tests for urine are actually testing for:

Ammonia

Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting Amylase

Amylase

"When using the starch-iodine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"

Amylase needs to break down the starch in the plate, causing iodine to leave a cleared area"

When using the Phadebas reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?

Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible

When using the Phadebas Reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?

Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible.

An abrasion with hyperemia and a soft yellow crust of dried serum indicates:

An abrasion up to 36 hours old

PCP used to be used as

An animal tranquilizer

PCP used to be used as:

An animal tranquilizer

When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling:

An artery

When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling: "

An artery

An individual's competency is evaluated primarily in order to determine what

An individuals competency to stand trial

The carrier gas refers to

An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column

the carrier gas refers to

An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column

Which of the following is a function of the digital analysis unit of the national fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?

Analysis of Audio and Video collected from a suspects computer

In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?"

Analyze

the angle of ricochet is generally less than what other angle?

Angle of impact

guilty but mentally ill

Another insanity defense, where those who plead guilty, but mentally ill. Remanded to the correctional system, where they recieve treatment for their mental disorder.

How can we determine if blood is from a human?

Antibodies

According to our lecture, agglutination is a response to:

Antibodies and Antigens

Antibodies used to test for human blood are

Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin

Antibodies used to test for human blood are:

Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin

Single immunodiffusion

Antibody is incorporated into gel; antigen is loaded into wells and allowed to radially diffuse

Polyclonal

Antigen produce a series of antibodies to attack diff sites on the antigen. Allows agglutination/precipitation

Colormetric testing requires

Any Metal

Colormetric testing requires

Any metal

What is a poison?

Any substance administered in a living body that will produce ill health or death

Antigen

Any substance that stimulates an immune response or reacts with an antibody.

Plant peroxidase

Apple, apricot, bean, blackberry, artichoke, horseradish, potato, turnip, cabbage, onion, garlic, tomato, beet. Heat sample to 100C for 5 min to deteriorate the peroxidase. Heme will remain stable and test can be performed again.

What is the average length of skid marks one and two?

Approximately 38.5 feet long

"When analyzing handwriting movement, when moving a pen underhand or counter clockwise, it's referred to as: "

Arcade

Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?

Arch

Lethal caretakers:

Are usually women

What takes the full blood pressure of moving blood

Arteries

Which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?

Arteries

which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?

Arteries

According to the lecture, how did the criminal avoid an immediate arrest during the Narborough investigation?

Asked his co-worker to pretend to be him when giving blood samples

Deep blue livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Asphyxia

Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Asphyxia

A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):

Aspirin

A red color change in marquis test is indicative of

Aspirin

Which of these is considered a high velocity weapon?

Assault riffle

Cementum apposition is found

At the root apex

Cementum apposition is found:

At the root apex

What do graphologists try to do?

Attribute personality traits to handwriting patterns

Removal of the skin during a bite is known as

Avulsion

Removal of the skin during a bite is known as:

Avulsion

Forensic health care indicates that a combination of legal and health-care issues must be addressed in a patient management. In relation to treatment of suicidal patients, which one of the following statements is true? A. A nurse may voluntarily elect not to report suspected intention of harm due to HIPAA privacy laws B. A decision to treat a patient against his/her will requires a legal process that assures patient protection. C. The patient may petition the court for legal treatment D. Federal laws mandate commitment and treatment of a dangerous patient

B. A decision to treat a patient against his/her will requires a legal process that assures patient protection

Exhibits that prove to be effective in communicating relevant medical issues can be turned into A. pictorial evidence. B. demonstrative evidence. C. formal evidence. D. informal evidence.

B. Demonstrative evidence.

Primary prevention is action taken to prevent development of a disease or injury. Which one of the following is true? A. Health promotion activities are unrelated to the primary stage of prevention B. Health promotion is coordinated community action aimed at legislative changes C. Primary care providers do only primary prevention actions D. Primary prevention is the initial identification and treatment of victims

B. Health promotion is coordinated community action aimed at legislative changes

In the early 20th century a French criminologist held that anytime two objects come in contact with each other there is a mutual exchange of materials which became the basis of modern scientific investigation in criminal and civil cases known as A. the principle of mutual exchange B. Locard's principle of exchange C. Edmond's principle of exchange D. the principle of mutual material exchange

B. Locard's principle of exchange

There are several distinctive differences in intimate partner violence against males. A. Approximately 10% of males report abuse in their lifetime. B. Over 2.7 million males report the experience of rape in their lifetime. C. Most male victimization is of male prostitutes in their teens. D. Most male victims of trauma are not as psychologically traumatized, so it is not studied as much

B. Over 2.7 million males report the experience of rape in their lifetime

In the coroner system, the following is TRUE A. Autopsies are done by the coroner. B. The coroner is always elected. C. The coroner is a physician but not forensically trained. D. It is the system used in more than half of the states.

B. The coroner is always elected.

The decision that a defendant is not responsible for a criminal act is based on all of the following, EXCEPT A. presence of actus reus B. absence of mens rea C. mental disease or defect D. inability to tell right from wrong

B. absence of mens rea

At a higher level of articulation, violation of the ethical principle of autonomy is a violation of the rights to A. free speech B. being human C. fiduciary duties D. association

B. being human

Nursing skills that may enhance outcome in death investigation role include A. nursing diagnoses and treatment plans. B. communication skills and critical thinking C. knowledge of surgery techniques D. nursing assessment knowledge

B. communication skills and critical thnking

Dynamic factors that place an offender at risk for sexually offending include A. age at the time of the offense B. criminal history C. gender of the victims D. attitude favorable

B. criminal history

A legal nurse consultant can demonstrate "damages" by A. producing supportive services and supplies used by the plaintiff. B. developing a spread sheet to demonstrate medical costs incurred as a result of injuries incurred as a result of negligent act. C. developing a video of the victim's family. D. performing a review of the expert's publications and prior court testimony

B. developing a spread sheet to demonstrate medical costs incurred as a result of injuries incurred as a result of negligent act.

In a jury trial, the Judge is the trier of the law while the jury is the trier of A. proof B. fact C. truth D. evidence

B. fact

The International Association of Forensic Nurses adopted the definition of forensic nursing as a practice of nursing globally when A. health and illness intersect B. health and legal systems intersect C. disaster and health intersect D. violence and law intersect

B. health and legal systems intersect

The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder following sexual assault is A. lower than domestic violence B. higher than other traumas for both males and females C. easily cured with cognitive therapy D. worse than children

B. higher than other traumas for both males and females

The ethical principle that demands that the FN is fair in all his or her interactions and communications making certain that policies and procedures are consistently and equitably applied without selective dispensation is A. fidelity B. justice C. veracity D. autonomy

B. justice

Bias is a common human characteristic and sometimes colors jury verdicts. In jury selection, this human characteristic is tempered by A. jury nullification B. peremptory challenge C. jury randomization D. jury dismissal

B. peremptory challenge

In a professional negligence case the burden of proof is A. clear and convincing B. preponderance of the evidence C. beyond all reasonable doubts D. beyond a reasonable doubt

B. preponderance of the evidence

Several purposes or objectives of crime include punishment. The purpose that exacts equal "pay back" as in the words "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, an arm for an arm, a life for a life" is A. incapacitation B. retribution C. restitution D. deterrence

B. retribution

Special issues that are experienced by correctional nurses do not include A. culture shock that reflects the stress of caring for the disadvantaged B. supportive and collaborative nature of prison and jail administration, staff, and patients C. limitation of resources for health care provision, including staff D. role socialization for nurses working in secure environments

B. supportive and collaborative nature of prison and jail administration, staff, and patients

Which of the following is true regarding the current status of the definition of violence? A. The definition is universally shared B. The definition is not universally shared C. The clear definition will constrain clinical research D. none of the above

B. the definition is not universally shared

Core elements of correctional health care are categories for organizing knowledge for practice, and include all of the following, EXCEPT that A. there is a legal obligation to provide care and avoid deliberate indifference B. theory, knowledge, and protocol have little place in standards of correctional nursing care C. laboratory, diagnostic, and emergency care are mandatory components of correctional health care D. awareness of patient assignment to staff ratios is mandatory for safety

B. theory, knowledge, and protocol have little place in standards of correctional nursing care

Literature on treatment of suicidal patients reveals an action-interaction strategy (Sun and colleagues) with an identified core of A. holistic assessments and patient protection. B. therapeutic relationship vested in safe, compassionate care. C. provision of basic mental and physical care. D. hope-inspiring advanced healing care.

B. therapeutic relationship vested in safe, compassionate care.

How does adipocere form?

Bacterial enzymes convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats

Which of these historical figures helped advance fingerprint, firearms, and hair analysis in Paris?

Balthazard

________________ Developed probability models that showed fingerprints are unique.

Balthazard

Dillie-Kopanyi

Barbituates

Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for

Barbituates

The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:

Barbiturates

Identification of saliva

Based on detection of inorganic anions: thiocyanate, nitrites enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, amylase antigens- HSA

Which lockpick has a dangerous weakness?

Batarang

Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?

Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors

why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?

Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors

What is the term for the halo or brightness that enters into the material of greater RI?

Becke line

When must documentation on found items be done?

Before its collected

Where was forensic psychology first used?

Belgium

Which presumptive test was the most used before it was identified as a carcinogen?

Benzidine

Which of these historical figures helped developed the system of anthropometry?

Bertillon

Amylase

Beta-amylase and alpha-amylase

Sexual Assault & Alcohol - 5 Main Points

Between 1998-2005: a. ~97,000 students were victims of alcohol-related sexual assault b. ~400,000 had unprotected sex while under the influence c. >100,000 reported being too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex d. 45% of perpetrators under the influence of alcohol/drugs - Sad Irony: While a large # occur under the influence of alcohol, they are more difficult to prosecute & juries are less likely to convict a perpetrator for "drunken sex"

What gives fecal mater its characterisitic color

Bile pigments and their breakdown products

What gives fecal matter its characteristic color?

Bile pigments and their breakdown products

What is the analytical and identifying characteristic of a material?

Birefringence

"You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. the top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"

Biscuit Beetle

You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"

Biscuit beetle

The scientific name of the german cockroach is:

Blatella Germanica

Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building

Blatella Germanica

Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?

Blatella Germanica

The scientific name for the German cockroach is:

Blatella germanica

Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?

Blatella germanica

What specimens are usually collected to determine the presence of common drugs of abuse?

Blood and urine

A positive Benzidine test is:

Blue

What type of object produces lacerations rather than incised wounds?

Blunt Objects

Lacerations happen during what type of injury?

Blunt force trauma

Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of

Bodily Fluids

Forensic serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of

Bodily Fluids

Cocaine comes from plants commonly found in:

Bolivia and Columbia

Which of these is most resistant to thermal shock?

Borosilicate

What type of examination identifies physical characteristics specific to plants that are considered controlled substances?

Botanical examinations

What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?

Both A & B

When do drugs become a law enforcement issue?

Both A and B

Where will the insects come from when a body was found at a dump site versus its original kill site?

Both A and B

What does physical developer react with in fingerprint residue?

Both B and C

What types of bullets are not well marked by the rifling of a barrel? Lead Semi-jacketed Full metal jacketed

Both B and C

What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its geneitalia to develop?

Both male and female

The LEGAL definition of a wound is:

Breach of the full thickness of the skin

What causes the greenish discoloration of the abdomen during decomposition

Breakdown of hemoglobin by bacteria

What is the common name for a contusion?

Bruise

What does "reconnecting the suicidal patient with humanity" mean, according to Cutcliffe's theoretical premise for nursing care with the suicidal patient? A. A family meeting with a Bowen Family Therapist who specializes in reconnecting the suicidal patient back into the family system. B. A discharge planning process whereby the patient actively participates in choosing his/her community residence and employment opportunities. C. A three-stage process for nursing interventions with empathetic, nonbiased care to guide the suicidal patient toward attaining power over his/her suicidality with the confidence to live again. D. None of the above

C. A three-stage process for nursing interventions with empathetic, nonbiased care to guide the suicidal patient toward attaining power over his/her suicidality with the confidence to live again.

Which one of the following is a manner of death (MOD) that is consistent with the cause of death (COD)? A. COD: cocaine toxicity; MOD: overdose B. COD: gunshot wound to the abdomen; MOD: Exsanguination C. COD: hanging; MOD: suicide D. COD: exsanguination; MOD: wrongful medication dosage

C. COD: hanging; MOD: suicide

Which of the following statements is true? A. Personal values of the nurse have no impact on correctional nursing practice. B. Clinical expertise in correctional nursing comes with seniority. C. Expert knowledge and successful problem solving is the basis for correctional nursing D. Correctional nursing care is guided by law and access to care, not by evidence

C. Expert knowledge and successful problem solving is the basis for correctional nursing

Among different racial and ethnic groups, ________ report more sexual assault and violence-related medical visits. A. Native American and black groups B. Black and Caucasian groups C. Native American and native Canadian groups D. Hispanic and Afro-Caribbean groups

C. Native American and native Canadian groups

An important role of the legal nurse consultant is to A. determine where to file the complaint B. conduct depositions during the discovery process. C. provide gold-standard, evidence-based literature to assist in illustrating the standard of care. D. serve as a paralegal/secretary for the attorney in the law office setting.

C. Provide gold-standard, evidence-based literature to assist in illustrating the standard of care

Which one of the following statements is true, given that around 65% to 85% of persons communicate about their suicide prior to their attempts. A. Acute interventions are the most critical first step in the treatment continuum. B. Determination of the best setting for care is the most important therapeutic issue. C. Talking about suicide can be the most important therapeutic issue. D. Talking about suicide puts the idea in the person's head.

C. Talking about suicide can be the most important therapeutic issue.

What is a legal reform theory that considers how the well-being of those in the legal system is impacted by legal actions, rules, and procedures? A. General Systems B. Therapeutic Intervention C. Therapeutic Jurisprudence D. Complexity Theory

C. Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Civil competency focuses on the person's A. mental status at the time of the offense B. state of mind during the criminal process C. ability to make certain decisions D. ability to take care of him or herself

C. ability to make certain decisions

Competency-based education for health-care professionals is A. the requirement in all health-care education B. makes it easier for students to learn forensic management C. advised by the Institute of Medicine reports D. none of the above

C. advised by the Institute of Medicine reports

Debriefing as a component of simulation should be conducted A. prior to the scenario B. during the scenario C. after the scenario is completed D. one week after the simulation has been completed

C. after the scenario is completed

The ethical principle that confers respect and self-determination on all human beings, including individuals with diminished capacity by reason of age or illness including mental, psychological, or physical disorder, unconscious or semiconscious state, or under the influence of a mind-altering substance is A. veracity B. justice C. autonomy D. fidelity

C. autonomy

Psychological first aid (PFA) for crisis intervention following a trauma A. can only be done by mental health professionals B. consists of a set of core actions C. can be easily learned by families and health professionals D. is proven by research to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy

C. can be easily learned by families and health professionals

There are eight core actions included in psychological first aid (PFA). For most acute crises, health professionals must at the very least do which one of the following sets of action? A. Compassionately engage, provide practical assistance, and refer for help B. define the problem, provide practical assistance, and refer for help C. define the problem, ensure safety, and provide support D. Define the problem, provide information on coping and stress and refer for help

C. define the problem, ensure safety, and provide support

Two general bodies of evidence are present in all potential litigation--(1) fact evidence and (2)______ A. real evidence B. tested evidence C. expert opinion evidence D. clear and convincing evidence

C. expert opinion evidence

Challenges commonly encountered in practice include A. developing good paralegal practice skills. B. deposing expert witnesses. C. finding the causal connection between the negligent care and the injury. D. teaching the attorney defensive nursing practice.

C. finding the casual connection between the negligent care and the injury.

Forensic nurses cannot use data to A. reduce assault through law enforcement and crime prevention efforts B. improve services for assault victims through research C. identify perpetrators D. expand access to care for assault victims through health systems policy

C. identify perpetrators

When functioning in the forensic role, the nurse adheres to which principle of confidentiality? A. adherent B. strict C. limited D. none

C. limited

An unintentional wrongdoing as the failure to meet a standard of care, as any reasonably prudent health-care provider would do, possessing similar knowledge and skills under comparable circumstances, is A. battery B. assault C. negligence D. kidnapping

C. negligence

Responders to traumatic situations are at risk of developing changes in physiological and A. biological indices B. social indices C. neurological indices D. behavioral indices

C. neurological indices

The age group at highest risk for rape and sexual assault is A. children 8 to 12 years of age B. early adolescents 13 to 16 years of age C. older adolescents 18 to 24 years of age D. young adults 24 to 30 years of age

C. older adolescents 18 to 24 years of age

Correctional nursing practice is influenced by A. lack of constitutional right of inmates that limit health care provided to them B. health care that is a dire medical necessity C. principles of constitutional law that require provision of dental, medical, psychiatric and psychological care D. Eighth Amendment requirements to modify care to inmates when cost is in question

C. principles of constitutional law that require provision of dental, medical, psychiatric, and psychological care

Nursing's Social Policy Statement defines nursing's obligations to society and includes six critical elements of nursing--provision of caring relationship, attention to human experiences and responses to health and illness, integration of objective data with the patient's subjective experience, application of scientific knowledge, advancement of professional knowledge and the promotion of A. health B. quality of life C. social justice D. well-being

C. social justice

Which of these is considered a remote action poison

CO

What does the acronym CODIS stand for?

CODIS

You are trying to analyze some DNA evidence. Which forensic database should you use?

CODIS

Mescaline comes from what type of plant?

Cacutus

To what family do blow flies and bottle flies belong?

Calliphoridae

Which of these is of the greatest forensic importance (currently)?

Calliphoridae

Chemical oxidants

Can catalyze the oxidation rxn even in the absence of heme. Copper, nickel, rust, formalin, some bleaches, iodine, lead oxides, cobalt, some potassium components, metallic salts

Exculpatory evidence:

Can exclude a person as a source

Inculpatory evidence:

Can include a person as a source

What are the knurled grooves in bullets referred to as?

Cannelures

A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Carbolic Acid

A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Carbolic acid

Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except...

Carbon Dioxide

Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except..."

Carbon dioxide

Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons

Carbon monoxide

A lumpy liver is indicative of which of theses conditions

Carbon tetra chloride

A lumpy liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Carbon tetra chloride

Why don't we use benzidine any longer

Carcinogen

SANE nurse

Care of adult and pediatric victims of sexual assault. Sexual assault response teams *SARTs*. Expert care in acute settings, and advocacy for acute and long-term needs of victims. Reffal for counseling for survivors.

You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter patter on the walls.You see lines of circular and elliptical drops on the ceiling? What caused these patterns?

Cast off

You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?

Cast off

What patterns have a linear directionality associated with them?

Castoff

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"

Central incisor

According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"

Central incisor

What is putrefaction?

Changes produced by action of bacteria and microorganisms

What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching

Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching All of the above

False positives for catalytic color tests

Chemical oxidants, plant peroxidases, natural oxidation, animal blood, other fluids

Oxidation

Chemical rxn in which a substance gives up e- when the substance binds with oxygen. Strong oxidizing agents include oxygen

A yellowed liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Chloroform

What part of a shotgun is a constriction in the muzzle that serves to concentrate the shot pattern?

Choke

The Epiphysis is made of:

Chondroblasts

Which of these is NOT a medulla pattern found in humans?

Circular

By definition, forensic evidence is:

Circumstantial

Cases between individuals or parties are called:

Civil cases

What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?

Class Characteristics

Blood type is considered:

Class Evidence

What type of evidence comes into court and does not reference a particular suspect?

Class characteristic

What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?

Class characteristics

Blood type is considered:

Class evidence

What is agglutination?

Clumping of erythrocytes

A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:

Cocaine

Erythroxylon coca produces:

Cocaine

Scott Test

Cocaine

The Scott test screens for

Cocaine

Who was the first criminal caught with DNA evidence?

Colin Pitchfork

Bones have flexibility due to their _______________ content

Collagen

What instrument measures color by elimination the subjectivity of human observation?

Colorimeter

Leuco crystal violet

Colorless form. Prepared in acetic acid. Reduced from of crystal violet dye. Turns pink-purple in the presence of blood. Often used to detect/enhance latent bloodstains or patterns. Oxidized form is an anti-fungal agent.

Catalytic color test

Colorless reagent that will produce a characteristic color upon oxidation. Extensively conjugated ring system. Oxidizer is typically hydrogen peroxide. Rxn is catalyzed by the peroxidase-like activity of the heme group. H202 is reduced and oxidizes the organic dye, giving it color

What does the acronym CODIS stand for?

Combined DNA Information Systems

What does the acronym codes stand for?

Combined DNA information System

What do digital imaging tools do to the traditional video and still photography used in crime scene documentation?

Complement

You burn a substance and produce only carbon dioxide and water. This is known as:

Complete combustion

Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?

Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"

Postmortem redistribution refers to

Concentration changes that occur after death as drugs move from one bodily region to another

Which fracture types can tell us from which direction a projectile struck glass?

Conchodial

What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?

Confirmatory test

Who created the initial listing of controlled substances attached to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970?

Congress

Type O

Contain H antigen. H antigen is precursor to A and B antigens.

An awareness of how much we do not know and the humility to acknowledge the possibility of making mistakes is known as:

Contrite fallibilism

What term is defined as an accumulation of blood in the tissues outside the blood vessels?

Contusion

Which treaty has been referred to as the ""Magna Carta"" for wildlife?"

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

What type of metal is used on lead alloy bullets to reduce the friction between the bullet and the gun barrel?

Copper

Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicativve of which of these conditions

Copper sulfate

Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Copper sulphate

Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? (2)

Copper sulphate, lead poisoning

What are the Palmer and Zaner-Bloser methods?

Copybook styles of penmanship

Soft, swollen, rnaslucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of what condition

Corrosive alkali

Soft, swollen, translucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "

Corrosive alkali

Both the Frye and Duabert tests were the result of:

Court cases

Jaffe test

Creatinine reacts w/ picric acid in alkaline environment to form bright orange/red product creatinine picrate

What is the English translation of the first forensic science textbook, published in 1893?

Criminal Investigation

The outermost portion of the hair shaft is called the:

Cuticle

Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons

Cyanide poisoning

Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons

Cyanide poisoning or Carbon Monoxide

Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons (2)

Cyanide poisoning, carbon monoxide

Which development technique is used as a pre-treatment to fix prints?

Cyanoacrylate ester

What is the scientific term for "super glue?"

Cyanoacrylate esters

What is the scientific term for super glue

Cyanocyrlate esters

An experienced forensic nurse may have difficulty assessing suicide and the range of self-injurious behaviors. Nursing assessment must incorporate techniques to A. circumvent the intention of behaviors B. include close collaboration with caretakers, family, and friends C. assess the patient only, since suicide is such a personal issue D. A and B

D. A and B

Intervention planning for the mental health patient should include A. educating the patient about coping skills and cognitive style B. family and friends C. limited communication with entire health-care team D. A and B

D. A and B

Protective factors that can help decrease the risk of suicide may include A. a stable social support system and the ability to use coping skill B. a sense of hopefulness and spiritual inclinations C. A only D. A and B

D. A and B

Suicide assessment includes A. a comprehensive and systematic approach. B. information that may indicate individual risk factors C. the need only to follow a clinical interview format D. A and B

D. A and B

When caring for a patient in the midst of an intimate violent relationship, which one of the following is true? A. Counseling the patient about the potential lethal outcome could save her life B. In the event of separation, the abused partner's life may be in danger C. The partner's beliefs of entitlement and ownership are destroyed and will lead to seeking a partner they can more easily control D. A and B

D. A and B

Which one of the following is true regarding the forensic post-mortem or autopsy examination? A. it is performed on all decreased persons B. can only be performed by the pathologist C. authority to perform is given by the family D. authority to perform is given by the state

D. Authority to perform is given by the state

Boundary violations are a breakdown in professionalism and may result when which of the following occurs? A. A previously trustworthy and cooperative inmate demands to be seen by one nurse only. B. Sexual intimacy occurs between inmate and staff. C. The nurse refers and discharges a patient when patient is clearly ready. D. Both A and B are violations.

D. Both A and B are violations

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the collection of evidence with an unconscious patient? A. It violates client-informed decision-making in Canadian Nurses' Code of Ethics B. Laws differ across the U.S. C. It is supported by American Nurses' Code of Ethics, which respects patient self-determination D. It must be done in case they are still unconscious for more than 72 hours

D. It must be done in case they are still unconscious for more than 72 hours

As with other hierarchies of scientific evidence, Chapter 9 depicts A. qualitative research as the strongest evidence, and observations as the lowest level B. case studies as the lowest and systematic syntheses as the highest level of evidence C. individual summaries as the lowest level and consensus expert opinions as the best evidence D. RCT as best evidence and qualitative interview a the lowest level of evidence

D. RCT as best evidence and qualitative interview as the lowest level of evidence

The majority of adolescents in correctional facilities A. just need discipline and guidelines for behavior disorders B. are not in need of serious medical or mental health care C. have access to abundant services that exist but are seldom used for their health care. D. should be prudently screened for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that could lead to violent behavior.

D. Should be prudently screened for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that could lead to violent behavior

Elder abuse is defined as A. failure of a responsible person to provide for basic needs of the older person B. intentional injury, assault, or threat with a weapon C. psychological trauma and humiliation following a threat or controlling behavior D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Students in the health professions are beginning to request educational content on forensic health issues because A. the health-care systems are complex environments B. institutional, organizational guidelines require standard of care for forensic patients C. basic health professional education does not include adequate content D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The financial cost of violence drains the ________ system. A. criminal justice B. health-care C. children protective services D. all of the above systems

D. all of the above systems

Forensic psychiatric mental health nurses may A. act as ad litem guardian B. develop divorce decrees C. assess sexual assault victims D. assess the accused/defendant's competence to stand trial

D. assess the accused/defendant's competence to stand trial

An intentional tort accomplished by offensive touching of another without consent is a/an A. assault B. false imprisonment C. intentional infliction of emotional distress D. battery

D. battery

A definition of violence is characterized by A. intent to cause harm B. contextual issues C. none of the above D. both of the above

D. both of the above

Laws are derived from four major sources on the national level in the United States and in several states and territories. These are Common law, Administrative law, Legislative law, and A. treatises B. policies C. regulation D. constitutional law

D. constitutional law

In understanding sociocultural factors, bias and discrimination are uncomfortable subjects to many because they give rise to difficult conversations nad A. clarity and understanding B. transparency and veracity C. truthfulness D. different responses

D. different responses

During a forensic interview, the interviewee tells the nurse about crimes committed not on record. He then tells the nurse that she can't tell anyone about this because of the nurse-client relationship, stating, "It's like going to confession." The nurse should A. disregard what the interviewee said because he is only doing this to taunt the nurse. B. not record the information because it would be a breach of nurse-client confidentiality. C. record the information on a separate record for the purpose of treatment interventions D. document the comments and explain the limited nature of confidentiality in forensic interviews

D. document the comments and explain the limited nature of confidentiality in forensic interviews

Which of the following options is an example of Cause of Death (COD)? A. Eye witness accounts B. Homicide C. Suicide D. Gunshot wound

D. gunshot wound

A distinctive feature of forensic nursing practice is the nurses' knowledge and skill in navigating intersections of legal and social systems with: A. political systems B. economic systems C. ecological systems D. health-care systems

D. health-care systems

A tort is a wrongful or crooked act that injures another classified three ways. The tort that requires that the person committing the act has the requisite knowledge and will to commit the wrong is a/an A. unintentional tort B. quasi-intentional tort C. malpractice tort D. intentional tort

D. intentional tort

The verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is decided by the A. forensic examiner B. judge C. jury D. judge or jury

D. judge or jury

Reporting injury is A. the most effective evidence presented in court to convict the accused B. the least effective evidence presented in court to convict the accused C. not relevant in most cases evaluated and reports in Canadian and American studies. D. more related to prosecution if injuries were severe or the accused was a stranger

D. more related to prosecution if injuries were severe or the accused was a stranger

Electronic forensic medical record data do not provide information on the A. type and location of provider B. race/ethnicity of victims C. type of assault D. narrative notes of the encounter

D. narrative notes of the encounter

Legal nurse consulting is the A. evaluation and analysis of facts and the rendering of informed evidence-based opinions related to the delivery of nursing and health care. B. analysis and diagnosis of facts and giving opinions related to the delivery of health care. C. review, analysis, and synthesis of facts and rendering opinions related to the health-care event. D. presentation of facts and rendering of opinions related to the cascade of events in a health-care setting.

D. presentation of facts and rendering of opinions related to the cascade of events in a health-care setting

Demographic and public policy shifts in the United States have led to A. reduction in number of incarcerated persons in federal facilities but growth in state facilities B. growth in number of incarcerated persons in federal facilities but reduction in state facilities C. stable but concerning numbers over the past 30 years D. projected growth of incarcerated population at three time that of the general population

D. projected growth of incarcerated population at three times that of the general population

Forensic psychiatric nursing includes all roles/function, EXCEPT A. correctional mental health nursing B. criminal and civil competence C. criminal responsibility D. recommendation of criminal charges

D. recommendation of criminal charges

Low-fidelity simulation is A. connected B. immersive C. integrated D. static

D. static

Advanced technology is creating a dependence on simulation as a/an A. enculturation into nursing and health-care education B. replacement for clinical experience C. self-paced learning module D. teaching and learning strategy

D. teaching and learning strategy

To formulate an answerable clinical question, Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2005) suggest the widely used standard PICOT format--Population/Patient, Intervention of Interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, and A. test B. theory C. therapy D. time

D. time

The entire process of implementing research into practice is referred to as A. synergy science B. complexity science C. forensic science D. translation science

D. translation science

Informatics solutions specifically for forensic nursing do not include A. generating data B. warehousing data C. data to attorneys and law enforcement D. vital statistics data

D. vital statistics data

According to the lecture, why is it that DNA can be easily denatured by high temperatures?

DNA has weak hydrogen bonds through their complementary base pairs

The FDA gets an alert that the defect action level has been reached in canned peaches. What does this mean?

Damages or foreign substances not harmful to humans have been found above federally mandated limits, and action must be taken to correct the problem

Luminol is best used in which kind of environments?

Darkened

What are Tardieu's spots?

Darkened spots on the skin due to burst capillaries

What is the major active Agent in Marijujuana

Dat THC doeeeee

Which of these states that the known or potential error rates of the theory or technique needs to be applied?

Daubert Test

A man dies due to a heart attack. What is his cause of death?

Death of the heart muscle due to myocardial infarction due to blood clot in arteries

What causes ""marbling"?

Decomposition of blood in veins by bacteria

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Which of the following is NOT a group that enforces Wildlife Protection Policy?

Department of Wildlife Protection

Tetramethylbenzidine

Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns blue-green. Less carcinogenic than benzidine b/c of methylated structure. Active chemical in hemastix test strips

Orthotolidine

Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns dark/blue. Probable carcinogen

The McNaughton Rules

Derive from a trial in 1843 in which a man was tried for the murder of a public offical. The perpetrator believed there was a conspiracy among the Tories of England to destroy him. In an attempt to assassinate the Prime Minister, this man mistakenly shot the secretary of the Prime minister. The perpetrator was found to be criminally insane and accquited of his murder.

What is anthropophagy?

Destruction of body by predators

Controlled substances are:

Determined by federal or state laws

competence to proceed

Determined by the defendant's present thinking at the time of the trial.

The concept known as equifinality refers to what?

Different agents of bone modification producing similar types of damage

Which of these is an example of a poison

Digitalis

Which of these is an example of a poison?

Digitalis

Which of these is considered a remote action poison? (5)

Digitalis, hydrogen sulfide, ether, alcohol, CO

You want to test an unknown substance for barbiturates. Which of these is the best choice?

Dillie-Koppanyi test

What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internally to qualify expert witnesses in court?

Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology

What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internationally to qualify expert witnesses in court?

Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology

What is the best way to identify fecal matter?

Direct Observation

"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate an organized killer by using: "

Direct confrontation

What is the best way to identify fecal matter?

Direct observation

Which is the best way to identify fecal matter?

Direct observation

Agglutination assays

Direct: antibody interacts directly w/ antigens located on the cell surface. Passive: antigen bound to a carrier before the addition of antibodies.

What two properties of light do isotropic materials not affect?

Direction and vibration

What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of an individual stain?

Direction of Flight

What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?

Direction of Flight

What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?

Direction of flight

The MEDICAL definition of a wound is:

Disruption of the continuity of the tissues by external mechanical force

A conscious attempt to deliberately attempt to minimize or deny symptoms of a mental disorder is known as what?

Dissimulation

At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?

Distant Shots

At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?

Distant shots

According to your reading, what is perapst the single most important task of the crime scene investigator?

Documentation of the crime scene's original condition

Advantages of bluestar

Does not need total darkness. Chemiluminescence is often brighter and last longer than laminal. Creates intense blue light

What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?"

Double action revolver

Who wrote Dentistry in Legal Medicine?

Dr. Amoedo

Who submitted an affidavit of his examination of bloodstain evidence and findings in the case of State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard in 1955 which became a significant milestone in the recognition of bloodstain evidence by the American legal system?

Dr. Paul Kirk

The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:

Driver Pins

The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:

Driver pins

Which of these is most profitable?

Drug Trafficking

What is the workplace drug testing primarily concerned with?

Drugs of abuse

What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?

Dry Extraction

What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?

Dry extraction

What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix? Dry extraction

Dry extractions

What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC

Duquenois Levine test

What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC?

Duquenois Levine test

You want to test an unknown substance for marijuana. Which of these is the best choice?

Duquenois-Levine color test

You want to test an unknown substance for marijuanna

Duquensoiis-Levine color test

Leuco dye

Dye whose molecules can acquire two forms, one of which is colorless. When reduced is a colorless agent. Capable of being reconverted to the original dye by oxidation. Compounds used as biological stains/dyes all have chromophoric group, structure which gives them color

Which is NOT a symptom of brain death (according to lecture)?

EKG silence

Excess antigen

Each antibody becomes saturated with antigen. Precipitate forms but then diminishes. Cross linking can't occur.

Excess antibody

Each antigen molecule is rapidly saturated. Cross linking doesn't occur. No precipitate formed

Which is NOT a reason teeth are excellent for forensics?

Each tooth has an individual ridge pattern which can be used alone to identify a person

When do basic pattersn of friction ridge skin form?

Early embryonic development

The 'triangle of safety' involves

Ears, side of face, neck, and top of shoulders

Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?

Easier to retrieve even if damaged

What is the term for the sweat glands found in friction ridge skin?

Eccrine

Linkage of persons, scenes or objects is based on what?

Edmond Locard's exchange principle

Which is the correct order for blow fly development?

Egg, larvae, pupae, adult

What body parts couldn't leave a pattern transfer from friction ridge skin?

Elbows

What are the five basic methods of heat production?

Electrical, mechanical, compressed gas, nuclear, chemical

Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?

Electrochemical etching

What is the most discriminating technique of glass?

Elemental profiles

Immunogen

Elicits antibody formation, proteins, polysacchardies, glycolipids, glycoproteins,

What is pain referred to as when the film formed by chemical cross linkage of a number of its components?

Enamel

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Enamel

What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?

Energy produced by the fired cartridge

What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?

Enzyme Markers

What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?

Enzyme markers

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microtiter plate is coated w/ monoclonal antibody. Sample is added (antigen). Binding occurs. Polyclonal antibody added. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich forms. Enzyme-labeled antiglobulin added and binds to sandwich. Excess antiglobulin washed away. Bound enzyme produces color or fluorescence and is measured using spectrophotometry.

Most presumptive blood tests take advantage of which cell?

Erythrocytes

What is the goal of generating forensic evidence from the gathered information?

Establishing material facts before or at trial

Credentials for credibility

Establishment of expertise: Academic preparation Professional training Occupational and life experiences Involvement in professional organizations Establishment of Trustworthiness and objectivity: Dress, manner, and performance that communicate professionalism. Successful communication to jury.

What drug is the most commonly seen in forensic practice but rarely kills directly and is a contributory factor in approximately 50% of traumatic death?

Ethanol

Which of these is NOT a type of writing system?

Etzlinger

High dose hook effect

Excess antigen cause false negative result. Hb [ ] too high causing huge amounts of free Hb to migrate toward the test region. Free Hb gets in the way of mobile Ag-Ab complex containing the pink dye and doesnt allow it to bind to antibody in test region

The number one primary cause for fatal vehicular accidents in 2009 was due to what?

Excessive speed

What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?

Explosive

What smokeless powder process involves kneading together nitrocellulose and other ingredients with an organic solvent to form a dough-like mass?

Extruded powder process

ugo Munsterberg focused his research on

Eyewitness accounts

IAFIS is maintained by which governmental body?

FBI

Where was the pivotal article on examining skeletal remains written by W.M. Krogman in 1939 published?

FBI bulletin

Problems w/ cross-over electrophoresis

False negatives can occur due to postzone effect. Electrophoresis carried out in wrong direction causes samples to run off gel. Wrong buffer/current

Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?

Fatigue type fracture

Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?

Fatigue-type fracture

Which of these was a result of a committee of lawyers, judges, and legal scholars?

Federal Rules of Evidence

Which of these explicitly states that the judge is the "gatekeeper" of what evidence is admitted into a courtroom?

Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702

When does tooth development begin?

Fetal life

According to lecture, which of these is one of the most common types of trace evidence?

Fiber

Sir Francis Galton wrote which book?

Finger Prints

Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?

Fingerprints

Which of these is partially responsible for semen lighting up under a black light?

Flavins

Properties of blood

Fluid portion- plasma, cellular portion- RBC, WBC, Platelets

What type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have?

Fluted

A fire's area of origin:

Follows the path of least resistance

Forensic Nursing Definition

Forensic: pertaining to the law Forensic Nursing: The practice of nursing globally when health & legal systems intersect - All nurses are mandatory reporters, therefore all nurses are involved in forensic nursing

A hard and leathery stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Formaldehyde

What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?

Fourth Amendment

What is a more common finding in manual strangulation?

Fraction of the cornu

A massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called

Fuminant poisoning

massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called

Fuminant poisoning

What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?

GC-MS

Which technique is a type of confirmatory analysis?

GC-MS

What is the term used to describe the number of spherical lead balls having the diameter of the interior of the barrel that weigh one pound.

Gauge

The Daubert trilogy is made up of three trials. One is the Daubert trial. What are the other two?

General Electric Co. vs Joiner and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael

Low explosives _________, whereas high explosives ________

Generate pushing power; generate shattering power

What is an example of a non-porous substrate?

Glass

Which of these is considered an irritant poison

Glass Powder

Which of these is considered and irritant poison

Glass powder

What is necessary to detect vaginal secretions?

Glycogenated epithelial cells

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Glycoprotein made up of 237 amino acids. Aka P-30. Possesses antigenic properties. Reacts w/ anti P-30 produced in animals. Present in seminal fluid at [ ] of 0.5-2.0 mgl/ml. Produced by the epithelial cells that line the ducts of the prostate gland.

STIs & Sexual Assault (3)

Gonorrhea: 6-12% Chlamydia: 4-17% Syphilis: 0.5-3% - One time dose of antibiotics usually given at sexual assault exam a. Not tested for STI b/c may not show up yet b. By law you cannot bring someone's past medical history into a sexual assault case c. Recommend people have follow up testing

Long UV (365-415)

Good for body fluids such as semen and saliva, greenish fluorescence. NO barrier filter required for viewing, but UV protective goggles should be worn to protect the eyes

Chemical Mapping

Good for fabrics that are not ideal for visualization w/ an ALS. Highly absorbent, white, dark, garments otherwise stained

Which type of jury is empowered to decide if the evidence against a defendant warrents proceeding to the next step?

Grand jury

What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?

Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundred to thousands of copies per cell

What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?

Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell

Hydrogen sulfide poisoning leaves what color liver?

Green

Whose experimental findings were that second generation reappearance of characteristics present in one of the grandparents used in his studies demonstrated that inheritance was particulate and mixing did not alter genes?

Gregor Mendel

Which of these historical figures is coined the term "criminalistics"?

Gross

The misting effect is a pattern associated with what?

Gunshot

The nurse is caring for an incarcerated patient. Which most frequently seen psychotic symptom in prisions should the nurse anticipate?

Hallucinations and Delusions

Who coined the term Criminalistics?

Hans Gross

Schedule II drugs:

Have high potential for abuse but have an accepted medical use

Schedule I drugs:

Have high potential for abuse with no accepted medical use

Schedule III drugs

Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use

Schedule III drugs:

Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use

Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble up in the presence of blood?

Hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity

Copy of "When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"

Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light

Copy of when using luminol what needs to happen to observe a color change

Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light

When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?

Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light

When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change

Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue

_________ is need for the transport of oxygen and _________ is needed for clot formation

Hemoglobin; Platelets

_______is needed for the transport of oxygen and _______ is needed for clot formation

Hemoglobin; platelets

What is a system in which the US has adapted ten print sets for classification

Henry System

What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?

Henry System

hich fingerprint classification system is still in use in most English speaking countries today

Henry classification system

What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?

Henry system

Diacetylmorphine is also known as:

Heroin

Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?

Herschel

SAP found..

High [ ] in semen. Very low [ ] in blood of healthy males. Higher [ ] in the blood of males suffering from prostate cancer. In male urine.

Vaginal secretions

High [ ] of Glycogen. Lugo's iodine- Stains glycogen brown w/ iodine and cells w/out glycogen stain golden yellow

Under which circumstances is adipocere most likely to form?

High humidity and temperature

A round, crater-shaped hole with a wide exit side in a pane of glass indicates:

High velocity projectiles

Gun shot wounds tend to produce

High velocity spatter patterns

Gun shot wounds tend to produce:

High velocity spatter patterns

HIV Risk from Sexual Contact with HIV Positive Source

Highest occurrence with receptive anal sexual contact - HIV attacks your T-Cells & uses them to make copies of itself - About 2,000 known HIV cases in Iowa

Combination of DNA & Specialized proteins are called?

Histones

What is toxicokinetics?

How drugs and poisons move through the body

S=√30df helps you calculate:

How fast a car was going

What is toxicogenomics?

How genetic factors play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison

What is toxicogenomics?

How genetic factos play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison.

What determines how much residue of an accelerant will be left and for how long?

How volatile the accelerant is

What is the process in which a probe along with a radioactive label is bound to DNA fragments?

Hybridization

Early apperance of decomposition is indicative of which of these conditions

Hydrogen Sulfide

Which of these is considered a remote action poison?

Hydrogen Sulfide

Early appearance of decomposition is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Hydrogen sulfide

DNA is held together by __________ bonds and can be broken by _______ temps.

Hydrogen...high

A woman dies in her air conditioned home. The ambient temperature is 74.6 F. You take her body temperatures: Skin: 70.6 F; Liver: 74.6 F; Scalp: 68.6 F; Underarm: 71.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 71.6 F. Her normal body temperature was 98.6 and she was not running a fever at death. Approximately how long has she been dead?

I cannot tell from this situation

"If you were to ask Brent Munyon, what is always an appropriate answer at a crime scene?

I don't know

Monoclonal

Identical antibodies produced by injecting a specific antigen into an animal then removing and isolating the antibody of interest. A specific antibody of interest that reacts w/ a single epitope

Which of the following is a function of the Chemistry Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?

Identification of toxins or poisons

False negatives

If blood is contaminated w/ strong reducing agent such as ascorbic acid. Blood can lose its solubility in very old stains or in stains that have been subjected to environmental insults

Antibody

Immunoglobulin (protein) capable of binding to antigens. Utilized by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects

You are examining tire marks in mud at a crime scene. Which type of evidence is this?

Impression evidence

The Phadebas reagent test can be performed in which two ways?

In a tube or on paper

You can most commonly find Blatella germanicaÉ

In kitchens and bathrooms

Evidence with blood on it must be packaged:

In paper bags

THC receptors are not found in

In the Brainstem

Where are red blood cells formed?

In the bone marrow

THC receptors are NOT found:

In the brain stem

Secondary dentin is most noticeable:

In the pulp cavity

Antigen-antibody binding

Includes hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and noncovalent bond formation. Binding process occurs rapidly and is reversible

What is the term for the impression from the writing instrument captured on the second sheet of paper below the one that contains the original writing?

Indented writing Second page writing

What type of infestation would you suspect in your home if you found larvae hanging from the ceiling and thread-like contaminants in your food?

Indian meal moth

A narrow V pattern

Indicates a fast burning fire

Bacteria break down amino acids into:

Indol

What compound of fecal mater give it its characteristic smell

Indol Skatole Methyl Mercaptan

Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?

Infrared Spectroscopy

Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?

Infrared spectroscopy

Which of theses is considered a confirmatory test for drugs

Infrared spectroscopy

Tetrahydrocannibinol:

Inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase

Which is NOT a usual site for defensive wounds?

Inner thigh

Most common powders are what

Inorganic

Most common powders are what?

Inorganic

The McNaughten Rule is used to determine what for a defendant?

Insanity

Typical post-coital interval (PCI)

Intact sperm in vagina <24 hrs Sperm heads in vagina 2-3 days Sperm heads in cervix 4-6 days P30 in vagina- <24 hrs AP in vagina 24-48 hrs

What is the definition of forensic entomology?

Interaction between arthropod science and the judicial system

What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?

Interior ballistics

Who solves crimes?

Investigators

Which is a characteristic of serious, major wildlife crime offenders?

Involves major professional crime groups and involved in specific markets

Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in people with shellfish allergies?

Iodine

Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in ppl wiht shellfish allergies

Iodine

Which is the oldest development technique?

Iodine

Direct evidence:

Is evidence that establishes a fact without the need for further inference

Carbon monoxide (CO):

Is one of the superheated gases produced by fire

According to your reading, glass with a high boron content:

Is resistant to thermal shock

Individualizing AMY1 and AMY2

Isoenzymes will separate with polyacrylamide or agar gel electrophoresis. AMY1 has 7 phenotypes and AMY2 has 3 phenotypes

What does 1:10 inches mean?

It indicates one turn of a bullet every 10 inches within a barrel

Why is one individual at the crime scene designated as the evidence collector?

It insures that evidence is collected, marked, sealed and preserved in a consistent manner

Why is cyanide dangerous

It interrupts the electron transport cascade

Why is cyanide dangerous?

It interrupts the electron transport cascade

What is true about handwriting?

It is a learned process

Why don't we use the benzidine test any longer?

It is carcinogenic

ALS Cons

It is possible to miss stains (not all stains will fluoresce), extended exposure to short wave UV light may be detrimental to DNA testing, ALS is only screening test. False positives include detergents, bleach, saliva, urine, hand lotions, cosmetics and many more

Why does glass break in a variety of fracture patterns?

It's an amorphous material

People v Jennings is significant for fingerprints because:

It's the first official case to integrate fingerprints as evidence in America

What is true about handwriting?

Its a learned process

What happens if you don't photograph evidence at the scene?

Its inadmissible in court

What is a major problem with hair or fiber evidence?

Its not usually unique unless there's DNA

How a gas defuses in air depends on what?

Its vapor density relative to air

Which legal case sets a precedent for the defendant to be committed to a civil hospital?

Jackson v. Indiana

Which country was the last to sign the Migratory Bird Act?

Japan

A region or geographical area over which law enforcement or a legal entity can excise authority is known as:

Jurisdiction

Who is the trier of fact?

Jury

Phenolphthalin

Kastle-Meyer test. Alkaline conditions. Potassium hydroxide.

"According to killer profilers, a disorganized killer: "

Keeps nighttime hours

The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:

Key Pins

The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:

Key pins

Court cases define the term "scientific" as:

Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method

Hans Gross started which journal?

Kriminologie

Which of the following statements are false?

LC-MS cannot be used with 80% of organic chemicals

Which of these is LEAST likely to be purposely self-inflicted?

Laceration

According to a 2009 report, which of these is a major challenge to the forensic sciences?

Lack of rigorous research into the sciences

What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?

Larval Diptera

What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?

Larval diptera

Titer

Last dilution showing a reaction (agglutination or precipitation)

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"

Lateral incisor

How does a pellet masse spread when fired by a shotgun?

Laterally

Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Lead Poisoning

Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Lead poisoning

Distinguishing AMY1 and AMY2

Lectins used to preferentially inhibit one or the other. Monoclonal antibodies used to react w/ 1 type or the other (ELISA).

"For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."

Legal

For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."

Legal

What is manner of death?

Legal classification of death

Which of these are the richest source of DNA?

Leukocytes

Which of these cells are riches source of DNA

Leukocytes

Which of these cells are the richest source of DNA?

Leukocytes

Which of these cells are the richest sources of DNA

Leukocytes

Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood

Leukocytes

Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood?

Leukocytes

Who developed the ""Hacker's Code of Ethics?

Levy

If a forger attempts to make the letters and connecting strokes correct and pays less attention to speed of the signature what characteristic will suffer?

Line Quality

Trace evidence is primarily used to:

Link individuals, objects, and scenes together

What type of extraction takes advantage of solubility characteristics and involves dissolving the sample in an aqueous solution then washing with an organic solvent?

Liquid/liquid extraction

Biological fluids are

Liquids excreted from living organisms

Where are drugs primarily metabolized?

Liver

Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?

Liver

Trace evidence is the basis of:

Locard's principle

Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important

Locus 1

Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important?

Locus 1

Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?

Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"

Alopecia and hyperpigmentation is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Long term arsenic poisoning

Which type of print pattern occurs in about 60% of prints?

Loop

Cast off is classified as

Low or medium velocity spatter

Cast off is classified as:

Low or medium velocity spatter

Cast off is classified as:

Low or medium veloicty

Vomitus

Low pH from stomach acid in stain. Distinctive odor due to butyric acid. Amylase by increase saliva production. Pepsin (digestive enzyme)

Passive Blood drops are considered:

Low velocity

You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. You characterize this pattern as:

Low velocity

Which of these is the most sensitive when looking for blood

Luminol

Tetrahydrocannibinol is found in:

Marijuana

The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:

Marijuana

The most widely used drug in the U.S. is:

Marijuana

The most widely used drugs in the US is

Marijuana

You find Cannabis stavia at a scene. What did you find?

Marijuana

What is the point at which the glass is no longer visible reffered to as?

Match point

What is char?

Material composed of carbon that has been burned

Optimal Ag-Ab ratio

Max. cross-linking, precipitation occurs

What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?

Measurements of Skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies

What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?

Measurements of skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies

What is the cause of death?

Medical diagnosis denoting disease or injury

A microscopic crime scene on a body is most likely to be searched by:

Medical examiner

Who was the coroner replaced by in 1977 in Massachusetts?

Medical examiner

"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "

Medium velocity

According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter?

Medium velocity

The row of cells resembling a canal that runs along the center of the hair shaft is called:

Medulla

A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons

Mercury

A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Mercury

Lophophora williamsii produces

Mescaline

Peyote is also known as

Mescaline

Peyote is also known as:

Mescaline

What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?

Mescaline

What is added to glass to make it sparkle more?

Metal oxcides

Bacteria break down amino acids into (3)

Methyl mercaptan, indol, skatole

The application of a microscope and microscopial techniques to the observation, collection and analysis of micro-evidence is called:

Microanalysis

Which is not an example of presumptive test?

Microcrystal Test

Which is not an example of presumptive test?

Microcrystal test

Bone from non-bone

Microscopic analysis: bone has fairly compact surface, some graininess. SEM and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)- elemental analysis of specimen, calcium to phosphorous ratio, useful when sample is extremely small, fragmented or damaged.

Which of these is a nondestructive approach to comparing ink lines?

Microsphectrophotometer

What are amplicons?

Millions of Identical Copies of the original or target DNA

What are amplicons?

Millions of identical copies of the original or target DNA

What is the term for the features of friction ridge patterns?

Minutiae

Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:

Missionaries

What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?

Moisture

What is always better when documenting blood stain evidence?

More

Heroin is a derivative of:

Morphin

Heroin is a derivative of

Morphine

Heroin is a derivative of:

Morphine

Heroine is a derivative of

Morphine

Comparisons among test reagents

Most sensitive: Luminol, benzidine, o-too, TMB Most specific: LMG, KM Most hazardous: benzidine and derivatives

Immunoelectrophoresis

Movement of electrically charged substance under the influence of an electric field.

Those that kill or hurt others in order to be admired for curing them or get sympathy are diagnosed as:

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Disadvantages of luminol

Must be used in complete darkness, rxn is temporary, photography expertise required, can dilute weak/small stains, decreasing the chances of obtaining a DNA profile. Many false positives including detergents and bleach

The infestation of living human or other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is termed what?

Myiasis

What is fly strike?

Myiasis

You are trying to analyze some striations on a bullet. Which forensic database should you use?

NIBIN

Where do flies lay their eggs on a newly dead body?

Natural body openings and wounds

A guy dies of heart attack. No foreign substances were found in his blood stream. What is the manner of death?

Natural causes

Under which of these circumstances does a body NOT have to undergo an autopsy?

Natural death while under a doctor's care

The initial color of a bruise is a product of:

Natural skin and blood pigments

In the collision model, the dynamic impact model uses numeral integration of

Newtons second law

Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?

Nicotene

Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?

Nicotine

which of these drugs is not considered illegal at the federal level?

Nicotine

Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Nitric Acid

Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Nitric acid

What energetic compound is produced by the nitration of wood pulp or cotton lint?

Nitrocellulose

What is one of the first and most famous explosives?

Nitroglycerine

After reading the professors statement to the police, do you believe it is an accurate portrayal of how the events occurred?

No

The theory behind forensic odontology is:

No two mouths are alike

Which was NOT a hurdle when dealig with wildlife evidence in the court of law?

Nobody cared

Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with powder development techniques?

Non-porous

Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with power development techniques?

Non-porous

"Free base" and "crack" cocaine differ in what manner?

None of the above

What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)? SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. It is found in human semen at uniquely high levels SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. SAP activity is the best test for the presumptive identification of semen

None of the above

What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?

Normal hand forgeries

What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?

Nucleases

How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?

Number of slits in the spiracle

Criminal Profiler

Nurse that attempts to provide law enforcement officials with specific information about the type of individual who may have committed a certain crime.

Correctional nursing

Nurse that provide care for many patients with serious mental illness who are caught in a cycle of homelessness, psychiatric hospitals, and Jail.

Hostage negotiator

Nurse will be: Being on call around the clock to assist law enforcement officers on the scene. Providing suggestions regarding negotiation techniques. Assessing the mental status of the perpetrator. Providing a link to mental health agencies. Participating in a critique of the hostage incident. Assessing released hostages. Assessing the stress level of the hostage negotiator. Providing training in communication skills to law enforcement officers.

Which of these would be considered a synthetic fiber?

Nylon

Most common blood type

O+

Which of these is the most common blood type?

O+

How is total magnification computed?

Objective multiplied by the eyepiece

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Observation

The steps in copying DNA are

Obtain a sequence of double-stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements

How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?

Odors

Arterial Spurts are typically found:

On walls and Ceilings

Arterial spurts are typcially found:

On walls and ceilings

Monovalent

One active site

Vaginal AP

Only diff btwn VAP and SAP is their electrophoretic mobility

Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Opium

The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is

Oral

The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is:

Oral

Which of these chemicals is commonly used in agriculture?

Organophosphates

The skeleton is formed by the development and growth of what

Ossification centers

The physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones is:

Osteobiography

In 2009, what was the most contacted item in collisions with a vehicle?

Other vehicles

How many tropical fish are legally traded per year?

Over 5 million

Which of these describes a confirmatory test?

P30 in the sample to react with antibodies

According to the lecture, __________ was the test used to help convict the criminal.

PCR

You are trying to analyze some car paint from a hit and run. Which forensic database should you use?

PDQ

What is an example of a porous substrate

Paper

What is an example of a porous substrate?

Paper

The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?

Paper micrometer

Attempted suicide that doesnt cause death: cry for help is called

Para suicide

Who is known as the father of modern toxicology

Paracelsus

Who originated the concept 'the dose makes the poison'

Paracelsus

"The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:"

Paraphilias

Attempted suicide that doesn't cause death; cry for help is called

Parasuicide

Accidental head injuries tend to involve:

Parietal bone, occiput or forehead

Salivary glands

Parotid- near the ears Submandibular and sublingual glands- under the tongue

What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood

Passive

What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood?"

Passive

What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patters, saturation stains and stains from dripping blood?

Passive

Immunodiffusion

Passive movements of Ab and Ag.

Who is a physician that specializes in pathology and the diagnosis of disease and sub specializes in the area between law and medicine?

Pathologist

Who were the first questioned document examiners?

Penmen

Which of these is NOT considered a biological fluid in humans?

Pericardium

"Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?

Periplaneta Americana

Enhancement of blood prints based on

Peroxidase Reaction

What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?

Peroxidase reaction

Irresistible impulse

Perpetrator is aware the act was wrong, but could not control the behavior.

Psychopathy entails:

Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm

Fact Witness

Person who testifies regarding what was personally seen or heard, performed, or documented regarding a patient's care and testifies first hand experience only.

"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists

Personality

"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "

Personality

Reasons for Exam

Persons who are sexually assaulted have the right to a medical exam whether or not they intend to report to law enforcement - Injuries unnoticed by victim a. Esp. seen in choking cases - Crisis intervention, referral for supportive services (PTSD) - Risk of pregnancy, STI - Exam paid for by state - Confidential a. Paperwork does not go into regular medical record b. Record is locked up if paper records are used c. Law enforcement has to get permission to get the records

You would like a drug removed from the controlled substances list. What do you do?

Petition the DEA

Liquid accelerants fall into the two categories of

Petroleum distillates and non-petroleum products

Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons

Phenol

Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Phenol

How does the brentamine fast blue test work

Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change

How does the brentamine fast blue test work?

Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change

What part of the nucleotide makes up the backbone of the helix?

Phosphoric acid group

A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Phosphorous

Hemorragic spots undr the skin or mucus membranes are indivative of which of these

Phosphorous

Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Phosphorous

A charred liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Phosphorus

A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Phosphorus

What is trauma?

Physical injury

What kind of change does a drug cause once ingested?

Physiological

A poisonous substance produced by plants is

Phytotoxin

A tiger Penis is used for:

Pills for Strength

Carbon monoxide poisoning leaves what color liver?

Pink-cherry red

Cyanide poisoning leaves what color liver?

Pink-cherry red

We saw two types of arches on prints in class. What were they?

Plain and tented/spiked

Beta-amylase

Plants- breaks starch into sugar in ripening fruit. Yeast mold and bacteria

Which of these makes up most of whole blood

Plasma

Which of these makes up most of whole blood?

Plasma

V patterns:

Point directly to a point of origin for that pattern

The current model of forensic nursing evolved from:

Police medical officers in the United Kingdom and other countries

What type of patient would a correctional nurse typically see?

Police officers

What component of soil can be a strong indicator of a location?

Pollen

PCR Stands for

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Which is not an example of an opiate?

Poppy seed

What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?

Porous

Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?

Postmolar

What chemical gained some notoriety as a means of administering the death penalty in California?

Potassium Cyanide

Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:

Power seekers

When fantasies are used to organize a collection of deviant thinking into a criminal thought, it is known as what?

Premeditation

Legal insanity

Presence of a major mental disorder.

Tests for detecting saliva

Presumptive: starch gel, Phadebas Confirmatory: RSID, RNA based

What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?

Primer cap

Which of the following is the definition of 'patent' in a fingerprint context?

Prints which are visible at the scene and made in a foreign substance

3 gel forming proteins in semen

Produced by the seminal vesicle: fibronectin, semenogelin I, and semenogelin II

Picking a victim based on his/her characteristics is known as what?

Profiling

The Rorschach test is a type of:

Projective test

Tests that are based on the notion that if an individual is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to respond to it, his or her responses will reveal aspects of his/her personality.

Projective tests

P30 is specific to which organ?

Prostate Gland

P30 is specific to which organ?

Prostate gland

Sg I/ Sg II

Prostate tissue, penile tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney, colon, trachea, lung tumor

AP

Prostate tissue, vaginal secretion

PSA

Prostatic fluid, male serum, male/female urine, breast milk, breast tumors

What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?

Provide hardness

What does protein collagen do for bone?

Provides Flexibility

What does protein collagen do for bone?

Provides flexibility

What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?

Provides hardness

Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce?

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?

Psilocybe sp

Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?

Psilocybe sp.

Which section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences does not have relevance for wildlife forensics?

Psychiatry and behavioral sciences

An offender's signature speaks to:

Psychological needs and motivation

An organized crime scene is said to be associated with:

Psychopathy

Prior to what do most anthropologists not attempt to assign sex?

Puberty

What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?

Pubic Symphysis

What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?

Pubic symphysis

Nurse coroner/ Death investigator

Public offical charged with duty of determining how and why people die. Assessing the deceased through: Understanding the evidence. Discovery of evidence. Preservation of evidence. Use of evidence.

What type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?

Qualitative

what type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?

Qualitative

An osteobiography does NOT focus on:

Quantifying organ toxicology

ALS Pros

Quick and non-destructive, no contact btwn the light and item/sample being examined

Erythrocytes are known as

RBC's

Ouchertony

Radial double diffusion through agar gel. Antiserum in center well. Sample extracts/controls in surrounding wells. . Diffusion of Ab and Ag thru gel. Immunoprecipitate lines where Ab-Ag complex formed. Can be stained w/ coomassie blue for better visualization of precipitin band.

All but which one of these is a reason due to a decreased death rate in vehicular accidents?

Raise the legal driving age

What form of spectroscopy measures the shifts in energy when light is scattered by the electron cloud of a molecule?

Raman spectroscopy

Which of these would be considered a regenerated fiber?

Rayon

According to your reading, what is the final step in the forensic examination process?

Reconstruction of a crime scene

Where should you take body temperature for algor mortis calculations?

Rectum, liver, or brain

Erythrocytes are also known as:

Red blood cells

__________ _________ _________ carry oxygen and is most abundant cell in the blood system

Red blood cells

What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?

Red?Reddish Brown?Black

Phenolphthalin

Reduced form of phenolphthalein. Colorless in alkaline solution. Stored over zinc granules. Turns bright pink. Phenolphthalein will return to colorless state in acid

A stimulant has all the following characteristics except

Reduced muscle activity

"What is ""insanity"" as it relates to the court of law?"

Relates to the defendant's mental state at the time the offense occurs

What kind of environment does super glue fuming require?

Relatively humid

Disadvantages of fluorescein

Requires ALS set to 450 nm to visualize stains. Similar disadvantages to luminol

The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as

Retention time

What type of gun holds cartridges in a firing chamber in a rotating cylinder?

Revolver

What is the term for hills found in the patter of friction ridge skin

Ridges

What is the term for the "hills" found in the pattern of friction ridge skin

Ridges

The nurse is caring for a male patient who has been arrested. Which is most common form of comorbid substance abuse for men should the nurse anticipate?

Risk for drug dependence.

Which FBI agent popularized the expression ""serial killer?"""

Robert Ressler

What causes entrance wounds in flesh to be round and/or elliptical?

Rotation from riffling

What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?

Ruhemann's Principle

What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?

Ruhemann's principle

What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?

Ruhemann's purple

Showing many graphic and disturbing images during a court case would be in violation of:

Rule 403

Admissibility or inadmissibility of trial information is determined by the application of what?

Rule of evidence

"Which of these is considered the ""reconstructionist's best friend"" by our guest speaker? "

S=√30df

The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of

SAP

The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of:

SAP

You are trying match a shoeprint from a scene. Which forensic database should you use?

SICAR

What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms

STRs, SNPs, VNTRs

What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms

STRs, SNPs, VNTRs"

What is the first universal rule of processing a crime scene?

Safety First

SALIgAE

Saliva reacts w/ colorless test solution to produce strong yellow color change in 1-10 min. Stain extracted in water or saline.

Bath salts are considered a ___________ controlled substance

Schedule I

Heroin is a _________ controlled substance.

Schedule I

Marijuana is a ____________ controlled substance

Schedule I

Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance

Schedule I

Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance.

Schedule I

Shrooms are considered _____ controlled substances

Schedule I

Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance

Schedule I

Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.

Schedule I

Which of these holds the highest penalty?

Schedule I Drugs

Which of these holds the highest penalty?

Schedule I drugs

Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance

Schedule II

Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.

Schedule II

Cocaine is considered a ___________ controlled substance.

Schedule II

PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.

Schedule II

PCP is considered a ________________________ controlled substance

Schedule II

Codeine cough syrup is consisered a ______________ controlled substance

Schedule IV

Ephedrine is considered a ______ controlled substance

Schedule IV

Ephedrine is considered a _____________ controlled substance

Schedule IV

You want to test an unknown substance for cocaine Which of these is the best choice

Scott test

You are working the scene of a body dump in which the victim was killed elsewhere. How do you classify the dump site?

Secondary crime scene

What is autolysis?

Self dissolution by body enzymes

The Brentamine fast blue test is a presumptive test for:

Semen

LSD is considerred

Semi-Synthetic drugs

SAP

Seminal Acid Phosphatase

Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?

Seminal fluid

Stability of SAP

Seminal stains can exhibit AP activity for years if stored in a cool dry place. Wet or dry seminal stains reported to maintain 100% of their AP activity after 1 year if stored at -20C. Dry seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 6 months if stored at 37C. Wet seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 2-3 months if stored at 37C.

Advantages of luminol

Sensitive, can help locate stains, can be sprayed over large areas, does not stain background of the substrate. Can detect very old stains that have been cleaned or painted over. Not detrimental to subsequent DNA testing. Rxn can sometimes be reproduced several times.

Which laws mandate the evaluation and treatment of sex offenders?

Sexual Psychopath Laws

What is the term defined as the difference in size and shape of the sexes?

Sexual dimorphism

A knife wound is:

Sharp force trauma

What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?

Shot

Which is a natural fiber?

Silk

What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?

Silver

What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?

Silver Ag

Ring Precipitin Test

Simple diffusion btwn 2 liquids in contact w/ 1 another (double diffusion). Dissolved Ag (top) and Ag (bottom) diffuse into opposite layer. Line of precipitate forms at interface

How long has forensic odontology been used?

Since 66 AD

Who was the scientist that helped arrest the right criminal during the Narborough investigation?

Sir Alec Jeffreys

Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?

Sir Francis Galton

Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?"

Sir Francis Galton

Who published the first scientific book on fingerprints, titled 'Finger Prints'?

Sir Francis Galton

Wrote the first scientific on fingerprints

Sir Francis Galton

Which of the following is true regarding women's health in correctional facilities? A. Six percent of the prison population are women, and the numbers are rapidly increasing. B. Women's health in prison is the most highly researched. C. Women who are incarcerated rarely have life-threatening health problems like the men. D. Incarcerated women are generally more violent and dangerous that male prisoners

Six percent of the prison population are women, and the numbers are rapidly increasing.

Bacteria break down amino acids into

Skatole

What are the main research objects in accident reconstruction, according to your reading?

Skid marks

What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?

Skid marks

An example of irreversible work during an automobile accident is which of the following?

Skidding

Which cells contain nuclear DNA?

Skin cells

Doesnt effect prints

Skin color

Which of these are NOT factors that could affect the appearance of fingerprints?

Skin color

What skeletal feature do many methods use for forensic ancestry?

Skull

What skeletal features do many methods use for forensic ancestry?

Skull

When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?

Skull and Femur

When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?

Skull and femur

Disadvantages of x-mas tree stain

Slides older than 5 years have exhibited some bleaching of sperm heads. Other cellular material such as bacteria, yeast, and blood cells will stain red.

Which development technique is used on currently or previously wet substrates?

Small particle reagent

Periplaneta Fuliginosa is commonly known as:

Smokybrown Cockroach

Periplaneta fuliginosa is commonly known as:

Smokybrown cockroach

What type of bore are shotguns?

Smooth bore

Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create:

Smooth circular blood drops

Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create: "

Smooth circular blood drops

Which of these meals is likely to pass through the stomach quickest?

Smoothie

Normality is based on:

Social Consensus

Normality is based on

Social consensus

Normality is based on:

Social consensus

Which of these is the most prevalent type of glass?

Soda lime glass

What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color

Sodium rhodizonate

What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color?

Sodium rhodizonate

Most heroin comes from:

Southeast Asia

Most heroin comes from:

Southeast asia

A Technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.

Southern Blotting

A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.

Southern Blotting

You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?

Spencearian

You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?

Spencerian

The Christmas Tree stain is used to identify which cells?

Sperm Cells

The principal component of semen is

Spermatozoa

"When dropping through the air, blood is: "

Spherical

When dropping through the air, blood is:

Spherical

The killing of three or more victims in different locations but within the context of the one event is referred to as:

Spree murder

Post-coital interval can be affected by

Stage in menstrual cycle, washing/urinating/eating, movement, collection technique- washings, swabs, smears, liquid saliva, death-temperature, humidity

Periodic acid schiff (PAS)

Stains glycogen cells magenta. May use hematoxylin as a counterstain

Amylase digests:

Starch

Oldest test for saliva

Starch-Iodine test

The oldest test for saliva we discussed in class was:

Starch-iodine test

Which microscope is generally employed first in the examination of trace evidence?

Stereo binocular microscope

You are caught with steralized hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?

Sterilized hemp seeds are not controlled substances

What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?

Sticky side powder

What term is used to descibe the pattern of unburned powder that penetrates the skin?

Stippling

Of the listed organs, where would you expect autolysis to first become apparent?

Stomach

What is/are the main objectives of CODIS

Store DNA data from convited felons or suspects for future investigations -To helo solve cold cases that did not have the scientific technology to solve crimes

Early rigor is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

Strychnine

Which of these chemicals is commonly used in mammalian pest control?

Strychnine

Serology

Study of blood and its constituents

What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?

Subjective

What is the term for the phenomenon of a solid passing to vapor phase without becoming a liquid?

Subliming

__________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings

Supella longipalpa

___________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings"

Supella longipalpa

Cyanoacrylate esters are commonly known as __________________

Superglue.

The Daubert case was decided by...

Supreme court

Defined as the force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid toward its interior, decreasing the surface area and causing the liquid to resist penetration?"

Surface Tension

Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?

Swagging

Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?

Swaging

THG

Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein. Most abundant urinary protein. Can be detected using electrophoresis or other immunoassays.

What is the term defined as the immediate environment and surroundings where the body is found?

Taphonomic context

Which of these is the best source of DNA in a decomposed body?

Teeth

What is one of the most important factors that impact insect development?

Temperature

What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?

Temperature

Immunological test

Test for human hemoglobin or glycophorin A

What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?

Test method

The nurse is caring for a female patient who has been arrested. Which is most common form of comorbid substance abuse for women should the nurse anticipate?

Testing positive for alcohol.

Which antibiotic becomes incorporated in the mineralization of teeth and bone?

Tetracycline

at is the major active agent in Marijuana?

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC

The model penal code was written by:

The American Law Institute

Who determines which new substances are added or removed to the controlled substances list?

The DEA and the FDA

Which ruling led to criteria referred to as general acceptance?

The Frye decision

An assumption of profiling is:

The M.O. remains similar

Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?

The Palmer method

Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the United States?

The Starling Trade Convention

Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the united states?

The Starling Trade Convention

Which portion accounts for 90% of the total length of a healthy sperm cell?

The Tail

The Durham rule states:

The accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful conduct was the product of a mental disease or defect

Reduction

The addition of electrons to a substance. Strong reducing agents include sodium and potassium

Forensic nursing

The application of nursing science to public or legal proceeding the application of forensic aspects of health. Provide direct services to crime victims and perpetrators of crime. Consultation services to colleagues in nursing, medical, and law related agencies. Expert Court testimony in cases of trauma and/ or questionable death. Adequacy of service delivery. Specialized diagnoses of specific conditions as related to nursing.

The definition of entomology is:

The branch of zoology dealing with insects

"When dealing with accident reconstruction, our guest speaker called the ""stickiness of the road"": "

The coefficient of friction

According to your reading, impact can be divided into two phases. What are these phases/

The compression phase and the restitution phase

The M.O. tells us what about an offender?

The experience of the offender and situational/contextual factors involved in the crime

How can you tell if the headlights or brake lights were on when a car had an accident?

The filament will unwind if they were on

Who is responsible for first securing and protecting a crime scene?

The first responder

"In forensic profiling, which of these is the primary unit of analysis? "

The individual

What is spoliation?

The intentional or negligent destruction or alteration of evidence

Cellular death is defined as:

The lack of metabolism and respiration in individual cells

How does the biscuit get into food?

The larvae penetrate food packaging

What does the method in which a latent print is developed depend on?

The latent print and the surface (both a and b)

The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates:

The manufacture of controlled substances The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances

A practical limitation of using minimum offense numbers to define serial killers is:

The number of offenses known by authroities may be less than the number of offenses actually committed by the person

How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?

The number of slits in the spiracle

How can you tell the instar of a calliphoridae?

The number of slits in the spiracle

Consultant

The nurse may be asked to listen to witness testimony for the purpose of guiding further cross examination or to assist in the preparation for trial by giving information about mental illness, including personality disorders and paraphilias. The nurse may be asked to testify about mental health treatment options, medications, and community resources.

The brentamine fast blue test tests for:

The presence of seminal acid phosphatase

The root portion of a hair is called:

The proximal end

Ballistics is:

The science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles

Of these, which is the most common role for a forensic nurse?

The sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE)

What distinguishes an explosion from combustion?

The speed at which the reaction occurs

What is toxicology

The study of the effects of poison

What is toxicology?

The study of the effects of poisons

"You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?

The substance is positive for amylase

Why isn't the Lamendin method used to age living people?

The teeth must be disarticulated from the jaw

What is a thermal death point?

The temperature above or below which an insect will die

What is the flash point?

The temperature at which a liquid forms an ignitable mixture

Admissibility or inadmissibility of information is determined by:

The trial court's application of the rules of evidence

Which of these is the primary concern of the first responder (choose the best answer)?

The victim

A psychological test which shows patients ambiguous drawings of scenes and asks for the patient's intepretation of events is called (as we went over in class):

Thematic apperception test

All of the following are issues with vaginal secretion detection except

There is a specific test to detect vaginal secretion.

The biggest difference between digital crime scenes and physical crime scenes is:

There is never just one digital crime scene

Which of these is an adequate substitute for photgraphy at a scene?

There is no adequate substitute for photography

What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?

They are alive

What is not true of immunoassays

They are incompatible with automation

What is not true of immunoassays?

They are incompatible with automation

What is not true of fuels?

They can be volitized and consumed in the liquid state

Why are red blood cells so useful for presumptive tests?

They contain hemoglobin

What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?

Thin Layer Chromatography

What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?

Thin layer chromatography

You have a bruise that is showing yellow coloration. Based on scientific evidence, what do you know for certain?

This bruise is more than 18 hours old

You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?

This is expirated blod

You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?

This is expirated blood

you find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?

This is expirated blood

Who wrote the identification of the human skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?

Thomas Dwight

Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?

Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?

The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?

Time of day

You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?

Tiny and Pearly white eggs

Material fatigue is most commonly exhibited by what part of a car?

Tires

Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?

Titanium Dioxide

Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?

Titanium dioxide

Why was the internet invented?

To allow information in a digital age to withstand a nuclear attack

Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?

To figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from

According to your reading, what is the goal of science, broadly speaking?

To improve our understanding of the natural world

The major goal of working a crime scene is:

To reconstruct the events that generated the collected evidence

Hapten

Too small to elicit antibody production. A hapten conjuated carrier elicits antibody formation instead

A degree day is:

Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulate in 24 hours

A degree day is:

Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 24 hours

A degree hour is:

Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 60 minutes

Which of these statements is true?

Toxicologists work with drugs or poisons after ingestion

Others at Risk

Transgender Population - 24% report to have been sexually assaulted

Veins:

Transport blood back to the heart

Hemoglobin

Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues. Tetrameric molecule

What are the most common blunt force injuries in society caused from?

Transportation collision

What are the marks left on photocopies caused from dirt, scratches, etc left on the surface of the drum, cover, glass plate, or camera lens of a photocopy machine?

Trash marks

What is an example of a semi-porous substrate?

Treated paper

Calcium binds with ___________ during the formation of rigor.

Troponin

Which of the following is NOT part of latent fingerprint development using fingerprint powders?

Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print

Which of the following is not part of latent fingprint development using fingerprint poweder

Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print

Bivalent

Two identical antigen binding site. Allows cross-linking by binding to two different cells simultaneously.

How can you tell expirated blood from other types of blood spatter Saliva or mucus in the blood Air bubbles in the blood

Two of these

How can you tell exported blood from other types of blood spatter?

Two of these

What must be added to a compound microscope in order for it to be converted to a polarized light microscope?

Two of these

Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?

Two of these

Which fracture types can tell us which hole formed first in glass?

Two of these

Which of these has begun to replace SANE programs?

Two of these

What is a toxicant

Type of poison made by humans or introduced into human enviornment by human activity

"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "

U.S Secret Service

As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "

U.S secret service

"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "

U.S. Secret Service

Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case

US v Mitchell

Tiger Bones are used for

Ulcers and Arthritis

Fingerprints were subjected to the Daubert standard in which case?

United States v. Mitchell

Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case?

United States v. Mitchell

What are the three areas of forensic entomology?

Urban, stored products, and medico criminal or medico legal

The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is

Urine

DNA based assay

Use PCR to detect expression of genes exclusive to oral cavity. Specific but can degrade easily

Bluestar

Used as search tool for latent bloodstains. Similar to luminol except does not use sodium perborate.

Takayama test

Uses pyridine and sugar to induce the formation of hemochromogen. Hemochromogen is formed when ferrous iron from hemoglobin reacts with pyridine to produce red to pink feathery crystals of pyridine ferroprotoporphyrin. Not as vulnerable to overheating as Teichmann

Back spatter occurs:

Usually during high velocity spatter events like gunshots

Fluorescein

Utilizes fluorescence to detect and visualize laten blood stains. Prepared similar to phenolphthalein. Reduced in an alkaline solution over zinc to fluorescein. Yellow-green fluorescent light.

Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test? (2)

Vaginal secretions, spermicides

What characteristic of different parts of a molecule does IR spectroscopy analyze when exposed to IR light?

Vibrations

Who is responsible for developing probability models, showing that fingerprints were unique?

Victor Balthazard

Violence as a Public Health Issue (9 Main Points)

Violence = "global health problem", according to the WHO in 2002 a. Total costs >%70 billion/year b. Lost productivity greatest cost - $64.8 billion or 92% c. Medical care r/t violence ~$5.6 billion d. ~50,000 deaths each year e. >2.5 million injuries f. Homicide & suicide are the 2nd & 3rd leading causes of death - Ages 15-34 most vulnerable g. Hospital ERs treat ~55 people for injuries/minute h. Hidden costs: mental & physical health problems, PTSD, anxiety, depression, CVD, diabetes etc. - Correlation between mental & physical health problems

What is defined as the reistance to change or folow

Viscosity

What is defined as the resistance to change of form or flow?

Viscosity

Which of the following is the definition of 'plastic' in a fingerprint context?

Visible reproduction of friction ridge skin in a malleable substrate

The space left in blood spatter when something covered in blood is removed is called

Void

Who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?

Vucetich

who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?

Vucetich

Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?

WBC's (white blood cells)

What is a chromogene?

What is a chromogene? A substance capable of generating a colored species

What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?

What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?

A cut mark is made when:

When a sharp edge separates an object into two parts

When do drugs become a law enforcment issue

When abused Lead to criminal behavior

An abrasion mark is made when:

When the surface of an object is ground away

Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?

Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?

Leukocytes are also known as:

White Blood Cells

Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?

White Blood Cells

Leukocytes are also known as:

White blood cells

Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?

White blood cells (WBCs)

Who starts the chain of custody?

Whoever collected the evidence

Which type of print pattern occurs in about 35% of prints?

Whorl

Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?

William J Herschel

Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S?

William Krogman

Who wrote the guide to the identification of human skeletal material?

William Krogman

Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S.?

Wilton Krogman

Advantages of Fluorescein

With addition of thickener, solution will adhere to vertical surfaces better than luminol. Fluorescin reportedly will not react w/ bleach, unlike luminol.

In order to develop PCR what characteristics of an enzyme were needed?

Withstand extreme heat needed to unzip the DNA strands

Forensic psychiatric nurses

Work as competency evaluators. Evaluation of intent or diminished capacity in perpetrator's thinking at time of crime. Provide assessment data that can help make final diagnosis.

What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?

Wound

You find the presence of cocaine in amoeba in a sewer. How would you classify this chemical?

Xenobiotic toxin

What type of testing can unambiguously deterine what a male has contributed in a mixed sample?

Y-STR typing

Urine color

Yellow color due to urochrome pigment. A compound of urobilin or urobilinogen

Which of these writing sytems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?

Zaner-Bloser

Which of these writing systems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?

Zaner-bloser

A poisonous substance produced by animals is:

Zootoxin

Advantages of testing Sg over PSA

[ ] of Sg in seminal fluid higher than PSA. Found outside of semen, not found in urine, milk or sweat where PSA can sometimes be detected.

"A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as: "

a black widow

According to your reading, which of these technical serial murderers isn't usually called a ""serial murderer?"

a contact killer

A killer takes public transportation to the crime scene, uses a weapon found at the scene, and doesn't follow the crime in the news. These are all indications of: "

a disorganized killer

A forest fire started during a lightening storm is categorized as:

a natural act

Legal Interface (4 Points)

a. Evidence collection & documentation b. Maintain evidence chain of custody c. Work with law enforcement/county prosecutor d. Testify - SANE nurses are considered a witness

Sexual Assault Prevention

a. There are a small # of sexual predators who repeatedly offend b. Make yourself less vulnerable - Freshmen are targeted on college campuses - People with mental health problems, mentally unstable people - People who are smaller stature c. Bystandes are important! - Good for primary intervention & secondary prevention of long-term psych issues - believe your friend etc. d. Fastest way to change "rape culture" is to resist rape myths - Start by Believing Campaign --> Believe what the patient tells you

Fingernail impressions tend to make which type of wound?

abbrasion

If the pedestrian was walking at 5.64 feet per second, how long would that take?

about 5 seconds

Benzidine

aka Adlers test. Contains acetic acid and ethanol. Turns dark blue. Known carcinogen

Christmas staining

aka Kernechtrot Picoindiogcarmine Stain (KPIC). Nuclear fast red- stains nuclear material. Head and e-cell nuclei. Picroindigocarmine- sperm tails and cytoplasm of e-cells stain light green or bluish-green.

Which of these can NOT be determined using insects?

algor mortis

For what reasons is estimating time of death important? Humanitarian reasons Legal implications Success of investigation All of the above

all of the above

In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?

all of the above

In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function?

all of the above

What is a category of tool marks?

all of the above

What is considered a general rifling characteristic?

all of the above

What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist

all of the above

The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances

all of these

Which of these is an appropriate evidence container for an arson investigation?

all of these

Which of these would be considered a projectile?

all of these

All of the following are components of saliva except

amino acids

Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting:

amylase

Legal sanity

an individual's ability to distiguish right from wrong with reference to the act charged, capacity to understand the nature and quality of the act charged, and capacity to form the intent to commit the crime.

"A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all halmarks of:"

an organized killer

A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all hallmarks of:

an organized killer

A killer that kills patients for feelings of power and control is known as:

angels of death

Anti-H

anti-H is not produced in the human body, a seed extract called a lectin w/ anti-H properties is used.

Criminals that kill for no reason, show a lack of conscience, ignore social rules and laws, and have a pattern of irresponsible or harmful behavior are diagnosed as:

anti-social personalities

Double immunodiffusion

antibody and antigen are added to diff wells in the diffuse toward each other. Used in Precipitin assays

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis

antibody in gel matrix and antigen in the well moves into the gel through electrophoresis; quantitation possible by measuring height of the rocket-shaped precipitate

Colormetric testing requires

any metal

From the edge of the sidewalk, how far would the pedestrian walk to reach the point she was impacted?

approximately 28 feet

Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?

arch

Lethal caretakers:

are usually females

A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):

aspirin

An explosion formed when fresh oxygen is introduced to a smoldering fire is called:

backdraft

The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:

barbiturates

Antibody profiling

based on the existence of individual specific auto-antibodies (ISAs) which perform a housekeeping function by ridding the body of dead and diseased cells.

Glass with added sodium oxides and borax fledspath has the property of:

being resistant to thermal shock

______ pigments give fecal matter its smell and color

bile

You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"

biscuit beetle

A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:

black widow

Calliphoridae are commonly known as:

blow flies or bottle flies

A male serial killer that preys on wives, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:

bluebird

Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of

bodily fluids

What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?

both a and b

What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its genitalia to develop?

both male and female

Physical Developer

both water soluble and insoluable

What color do carboxymyoglibin and carboxyhemoglobin appear as?

bright red

How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?

by inflating a bladder under its forehead

What is the term used to describe the diameter of a circle that is tangent with the top of the lands of the rifling?

calliber

You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?

cast off

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"

cenrtral incisor

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"

central incisor

According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"

central incisor

Advantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion

cheap, fairly easy, can run multiple samples on same gel, identifies amylase

Luminol

chemiluminescence assay. Heme acts as a catalyst to accelerate the oxidation of 3-aminophthalhydrazide. Light takes several seconds to appear, can last up to 1-2 min and appears white-blue or blue-green. Works better on older stain. Wavelength of light generated is btwn 441nm and 452 nm. Higher wavelengths occurs w/ older blood b/c more oxidation of iron atom has occurred, producing hematin

The United States is currently in an informational war with:

china

Where is nuclear DNA found?

chromosomes

The number of lands and grooves on a bullet is considered:

class evidence

The results of clean combustion are:

co2 and water

A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:

cocaine

The Scott test screens for

cocaine

The Scott test screens for:

cocaine

Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?

completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"

Spongy tissue

comprised of blood vessels and marrow

Forensic nurse examiner

conducts court-ordered evaluations regarding legal sanity or competency to proceed. Responds to specific medicolegal questions as requested by court. Renders an expert opinion in a written report or courtroom testimony.

Advantages of chromatographic cards

confirms presence of blood, no false rxn w/ peroxidases, very sensitive, fairly species pacific, easy to use, quick results, safe

Teichmann test

consists of heating dried blood in presence of glacial acetic acid & a halide (chloride) to form a hematin derivative. Rxn converts hemoglobin to hemin. Formed crystals are rhombic and brown Age of stain does not impact testing

Breast milk

contains low levels of salivary alpha amylase (higher than most other body fluids besides saliva). Exhibits fluorescence at 450 nm w/ orange filter

Those killers that are paid to kill are known as:

contract killers

Seratec

control region contains immobilized polyclnal goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Sample well area contains rabbit antibodies and monoclonal anti-human hemoglobin. Test region contains another anti-human hemoglobin

Which is not a medico legal division of wound classes as we discussed during lecture

contusion

Possible reasons for fluorescence of dried semen stains:

conversion of non protein compounds to compounds that are capable of fluorescing, growth of bacterium, presence of flavins

A murderer that kills to save money, especially those that kill employees is known as:

cost cutter

Nitrites (NO2)

detected by Greiss test. Undetectable after a few wks, so if positive the stain is relatively recent.

Chemical screening of feces

detection of urobilinogen, a bile pigment precursor excreted in feces

Abacus, Seratec

detects PSA

RSID

detects Semenogelin

RSID

detects gylcophorin A. Protein on cell membrane that prevents RBCs from sticking together. No high dose hook effect. No cross rxn w/ ferret, gorilla, chimp, orangutan

RSID saliva

detects human salivary alpha-amylase. Immunochromatographic cards. Use antibodies to detect presence of amylase rather than activity of amylase. Mouse monoclonal antihuman salivary alpha-amylase antibodies present in sample area. Antibody conjugated to colloidal gold. If human saliva present, Ag-Ab complex formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Immobilized antibodies in test area 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex, formin Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich. Colloidal gold accumulates at test area becomes visible as a pink band in the test region. No high dose effect

Anti-human serum

detects primarily human albumin- not component specific to blood. One of the most abundant proteins in human

Controlled substances are:

determined by federal or state laws

Disadvantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion

difficult to use as a locator, not specific to saliva.

SAP strucutre

dimeric glycoprotein. Catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of an ester linked phosphate group from any number of monophosphate substrates, like the ones that naturally occur in semen and those used in colormetric analysis

What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?

double action revolver

What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?

dry extraction

when did the palmer system begin to be taught

early 20th century

Simple immunoelectrophoresis

electric current used to separate antigens w/in a sample before antibody is added

Cross-over

electricity drives the antigen and antibody toward each other (antigen is negatively charged and will migrate toward the anode)

Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?

electrochemical etching

"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "

empathy

Disadvantage of glycogen staining

end of urethral canal in penis also contains glycogenated e-cells. Low [ ] in mouth. Anal/rectal area may contain some glycogenated cells but stains from these area often contain fecal material, which may help distinguish them

What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?

energy produced by the fired cartiridge

What term is defined as the study of insects?

entomology

What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?

enzyme markers

Menstrual blood

epithelial cells usually present, glycogen, doesn't clot, lactate dehydrogenase (LHD). Endometrial cells from uterus may be identified microscopically

Keratinized

epithelium occurs mainly in the skin, also found in the mouth and nose, providing a tough, impermeable barrier. Keratin is a tough insoluble protein that essentially waterproofs the skin

What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?

exsplosive

The need for specific inanimate objects in sexual gratification is known as

fetishism

The temperature at which liquid will produce vapors that will sustain combustion is known as:

firepoint

The temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture at its surface is known as:

flashpoint

Squamous cells

flat cells w/ an irregular flattened shape

The most expensive pest for pet owners is:

fleas

What are the first insects usually attracted to remains?

flies

Urobilinogen

fluoresce apple green w/ HgCl2, ZnCl2 and UV light

what type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have

fluted

PSA

found in low levels in breast milk, vaginal swabs, female urine, tumors in female breasts, ovaries, kidney, liver colon, esophagus, parotid, thyroid, and lymphoma

Creatinine

found in urine, sweat, serum and saliva. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

Tandem mass spectrometers are not

futuristic super machines

Which form of fuel actually burns?

gas

What were the scientists responsible for the early discoveries in forensic science considered due to the fact that they worked in many forensic disciplines?

generalists

The misting effect is a pattern associated with

gunshot

Microbial-Vac system

hand-held, non-destructive, wet-vacuum surface sampling device. Provides DNA extraction rates at a much higher rate of recovery than other methods.

Persons following a sexually deviant pathway to offending A. are unable to engage in normal sexual activity with their partners B. have daily sexual fantasies that stimulate arousal for masturbation C. have intense, specifically inappropriate fantasies for at least 6 months D. have a pattern of frequently violating the rights of others

have a pattern of frequently violating the rights of others

Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?

herschel

A low velocity projectile can still do considerable damage if:

if it has high weight

You see several insects flying zig zag around your living room at night. Where would you look for an infestation ?

in the pantry or in fire

Secondary dentin is most noticeable:

in the pulp cavity

A forest fire caused by someone trying to burn down a forest is known as:

incedndiary

The earliest phase of fire that may last from seconds to hours is known as:

incipient

A wide v pattern:

indicates a slow burning fire

Primary Rxn

initial binding of a single antigen and antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex

Phadebas paper

insoluble blue dye attached to starch polymer. Upon hydrolysis by amylase, blue dye released. Active ingredient of the Phadebas tablets are starch polymer chains that are interlinked to form spheres of uniform and pre-defined size- called bio-degradable starch microspheres (DSMs). DSMs are insoluble in water. Presence of amylase, DSMs are degraded by enzyme, at a speed increasing with the solution's amylase activity

The larvae stage between molts is known as:

instar

The larval stage between molts is known as:

instar

Agglutination

interactions of Ab and Ag on the surface of cells/carriers will cause the cells to aggregate and form larger complexes. Each antibody binds to multiple antigens. A visible clumping is observed. Antibodies that induce agglutination are called agglutinins

What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?

interior ballistics

Thiocyanate

ion that is detected by adding ferric chloride. ~2.5x higher in smokers. [ ] decreases with time. Found in other body fluids in lower [ ]. May be present in undetectable amounts or may have degraded w/ time, so a negative result does not exclude saliva

A secondary crime scene:

is any crime scene that came after the original criminal activity

Epitope

is the molecular structure of an immunogen that is recognized by an antibody

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"

isn't one of the teeth

How can you decontaminate digital evidence once it's been contaminated?

it cant

How does air resistance affect projectiles?

it will slow the projectile

According to killer profilers, an organized killer: "

keeps daytime hours

Azoospermia

lack of sperm in semen

Laser Capture Microdissection

laser cuts around the sample and it is transferred directly into a tube for analysis. Advantage is you can select only the cells of interest for analysis. Disadvantages: expensive instrument, requires special software, slides, adhesive film, tubes

"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"

lateral incisor

Epithelium

lines the outside of the body (skin), the interior cavities and the vessels in the body. Outermost layer of skin is composed of dead stratified squamous epithelial cells, as are the mucous membranes lining the inside of mouths and body cavities

Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?

liver

Forensic science should:

ll of these

What is a female fly's only maternal concern?

locate most optimum location

Oligospermia

low sperm count of 20 mil sperm per ml or less

Hard bone

made up of crystalline mineral salts, calcium, collagen and various growth factors

Functions of salivary amylase

maintain oral health, lubricate passage of food, break down carbohydrates

The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:

marijuana

The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:

marijuana

According to your reading, before 1980 serial killers were grouped with all other murderers with more than one victim and termed:

mass murders

Avidity

measure of overall strength of antigen-antibody binding

Affinity

measure of the interaction btwn a single antigen epitope and a single antibody binding site

"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "

medium velocity

Adult Calliphoridae are usually:

metallic in color

Adult Calliphoridae are usually:

metallic in coloring

Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:

missionaries

What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?

moisture

Which is not an indicator of a liquids volatility?

molecular weight

Immunochromatographic assay

monoclonal dye-labeled antibody present in test strip sample well. If corresponding antigen is present in sample extract, an Ag-Ab complex is formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Test area has immobilized polyclonal antibodies that 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich formed. Dye becomes visible as a colored band in the test region.

Stratified

more than 1 layer of cells

Who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from

mother

Sperm Hy-liter disadvantages

multiple stain/incubation/wash steps, prep time: 1.5-2 hrs. Much more costly than other staining methods. Fluorescence microscope required.

Many serial sexual offenders display particular aspects of:

narcissism

Cocaine is considered:

naturally occurring drug

The deepest char is found:

near the area of origin

First instar larvae will feed

near the egg mass

The most ceiling damage is found

near the point of origin

Which was NOT a hurdle when dealing with wildlife evidence in the court of law?

nobody cared

When do bed bugs feed?

nocturnally

Disadvantages of chromatographic cards

not absolutely species specific, high dose effect w/ some brands, more expensive relative to screening tests or gels. Cannot determine species origin.

Uritrace (Abacus)

not antibody based. Color change greater than the negative (substrate) control indicates presence of creatinine. Limited sensitivity/specificity info available.

What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?

nuleauses

The steps in copying DNA are

obtain a sequence of double stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements

Precipitation

occurs due to extensive cross-linking btwn soluble antigens and corresponding antibodies

Feces

odor mainly due to breakdown of amino acids into skittle, indole and methyl-mercaptan by bacteria. Brown color due to stercobilin (urobilin), a breakdown product of hemoglobin

How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?

odors

Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?

opium

The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is

oral

You get a call from your friend. She recently went down into her basement, and was upset to see several glossy brown to black roaches, approximately 1 _ inches long. When she turned on the light, they ran away (they were rather sluggish) but didnÕt fly. She says she is used to seeing them out doors during the spring and summer, and commonly sees them near her lawn and compost pile. Now that itÕs winter, she is seeing them in her basement. She has only seen a few, however, and they are not in her upstairs bathroom. What type of roach do you think she has?

oriental cockroach

Periosteum bone

outside of the bone containing blood, lymph and nerve vessels

Bilirubin

oxidized to pink-red color w/ HgCl2

What is an example of a porous substrate

paper

The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?

paper micrometer

The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:

paraphilias

Who were the first questioned document examiners?

penman

Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?

periplaneta americana

What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?

peroxidase reaction

"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "

personality

The color portion of paint is called:

pigments

Which is NOT an example of an opiate?

poppy seed

What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?

porous

What type of identification are class characteristics are consistent and individual characteristics match?

positive

Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?

postmolar

Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:

power seekers

What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?

primer cap

What is the single direction in which light vibrating is absorbed referred to as?

privileged direction

Agglutination

process in which particulate antigens are linked together by their corresponding bivalent or multivalent antibodies

Production of SAP

produce in the epithelial cells located in the ducts inside the prostate gland. AP is excreted into the seminal plasma when the prostate glands contracts during ejaculation. Controlled by sex hormones

alpha-amylase

produced by humans and some animals that have a diet of complex carbohydrate. Responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of starch, amylose and amylopectin into smaller less complex sugars

Saliva

produced in mucous cells and serious cells

The Rorschach test is a type of:

projective test

What does "corpus delicti" mean?

proof that a crime was commited

Erythrocytes are also known as:

red blood cells

Which is not a common form of heat transfer?

reduction

Forensic Nurse Generalist

requires a masters degree.

The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as

retention time

Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.

schedule 1

PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.

schedule 2

Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.

schedule II

What is the area where material from the grave and surrounding area is sifted through to reveal human remains, artifacts, fibers, and associated insect?

screening area

Advantages of antibody profiling

screening test for DNA submission, bloodstain pattern analysis tool, remains identification, expanded criminal prosecution for cases that arent 'important enough' for DNA.

Autopsy' literally means:

see for yourself

Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?

seminal fluid

Rosalind Franklin was one of the scientists who helped explain the official structure of DNA, but did not receive the Nobel Prize. Why is that?

she died before the award was given out

What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?

shot

How long has forensic odontology been used?

since 66 A.D

According to your reading, ______ ________ are the main research objects in accident reconstruction

skid marks

What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?

skid marks

Which cells contain nuclear DNA?

skin cells

Natural oxidation

slow oxidation that occurs in the air

Law enforcement considers what the greatest gift ever?

smartphones

Cellular micro-manipulation

smear slides are coated w/ a thin layer of water-soluble adhesive. A fine tip tungsten needle is used to pick up cells of interest

A fire that has been deprived of oxygen is:

smoldering

What type of bore are shotguns?

smooth bore

Of these, which is the ""lowest tech"" bullet? "

soft lead

Precipitation

soluble antigens bind w/ antibodies, and the individual Ag-Ab complexes form cross-linked complexes at optimal concentrations. Cross-linked complex is insoluble and precipitates out of the solution. Antibodies that induce precipitation are called precipitins.

The liquid portion of paint is called:

solvent

A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.

southern blotting

What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?

sticky side powder

What type of gunshot residue deposition is caused from large propellant particles that travel further than finer particles?

stippling

What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?

subjective

What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?

temperature

According to your reading, forensic nursing has its roots in:

the 18th century

Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?

the Palmer Method

The period of growth of a hair is called

the anagen stage

The older a pupae is:

the darker it gets

"According to your reading, what concept needs to be included in the definition to truly define a serial killer?"

the psychological propensity to re-offend

What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?

they are alive

What can malformed light bulbs tell us at the scene?

they point toward a heat source

Which of these has the LEAST amount of pain?

third degree burns

A species that could become endangered within the foreseeable future is called

threatened

The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?

time of day

You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?

tiny and pearly white eggs

Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?

titanium dioxide

Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?

to figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from

Phadebas Forensic tube test

tube test is useful if amylase is suspected/detected in an area that exhibits other staining such as semen, blood or heavy vaginal deposits. Quantifies more accurately the amylase activity in a positive stain. The optical density of the sample can be measured using a spectrophotometer and compared to a standard curve.

Urea

turn pink/red in presence of DMAC and acid

What was the speed of the truck at impact?

two of these

Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?

two of these

A forest fires started when someone was mowing their dry grass and caused a spark is known as:

unintentional

Absorption-inhibition method

unknown stain + antisera → allow absorption to occur → spin and remove supernatant → add known cells to supernatant → allow absorption to occur → look for agglutination

Myiasis falls under which sub section of forensic entomology?

urban entomology

You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?

urban entomology

Urine detection relies on identifying __________ and ___________

urea; creatinine

The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is

urine

Phadebas forensic press test

used for detecting and identifying hidden saliva stains (mapping)

Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test?

vaginal secretions

"A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "

viper snake venom

Those that kill because they are ""told"" to, and tend to be paranoid or schizophrenic are known as:

visionaries

Evidence exam flowchart

visual exam--> presumptive chemical testing --> confirmatory testing --> species testing --> DNA

What are areas or patterns that result from the absence of bloodstains in otherwise continuous patters of staining?

void patterns

What is the term for an area of translucent design on paper?

watermark

Cross-reaction

when antibody bind w/ less strength to an antigen that is structurally similar to immunogen

Which of these is associated with an organized crime scene?

when retrains are used

When is there no penalty for killing an endangered species?

when the act was accidental during farming or ranching

What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?

wound

Pregnancy

~5% of SA results in pregnancy a. 32,000 pregnancies/year - EC reduces the risk by 89% a. PlanB available without prescription for all! (State law, not a federal law) b. PlanB given to pt. at hospital if they come in for a SA - SE: n/v, breast tenderness, cramps, irregular periods a. Similiar to a bad period - Plan B may be effective up to 96 hours post-unprotected sex - Ella effective up to 5 days, more effective in overweight women (na OTC) a. Used at UIHC

Sexual Assault Epidemiology (Most vulnerable age group & 4 estimates of victimization)

~876,064/year (NIJ, 2000) - Stat came from asking people in households ~ 191,670/year (BoJ, 2006) - Different stat dependent on how you are collecting data & how you define SA Most vulnerable: Females ages 16-24 y.o. & Males <16 y.o. Estimates of victimization: a. 1 in 3 women b. 1 in 4 college women c. 1 in 10 men d. 1 in 8 Iowa women


Related study sets

Organic Chemistry 2: ACS final exam

View Set

Med Surg EXAM 3 Clicker Questions

View Set

EXAM 3 - MGT 4150 - CH. 12 - Corporate Culture and Leadership: Keys to Good Strategy Execution

View Set

Evidence Law Questions - Relevance & Exclusion

View Set

Ch. 2: Understanding Software Licensing

View Set

Chapter 5: Competitive Advantage, Firm Performance, and Business Models

View Set