Forensics
Hemotoxyin and eosin (H&E)
!!! look up
What is the correct order for blow fly development
"Egg, Larvae, Pupae, Adult"
Asphault has an approximate coefficient of friction of:
0.8
SANE Qualifications & Certifications
1. 2 years RN experience 2. 40 hour SANE training 3. Internship 4. SANE-A certification available through IAFN/ANCC Certifications: SANE-A, CFN, D-ABMDI/F-ABMDI
Potential Consequences of EC Laws: Texas
1. All abortion clinics have to have full emergency room & staff available = ended up shutting down a lot of clinics that could not afford to do this 2. Long term consequences: alarming # of women trying to end a pregnancy themselves a. Self induced abortion by taking Misoprostol, Cytotec b. 100,000-240,000 said they have attempted this
Approximately how many species of calliphoridae are described?
1000
Flies MAY colonize a body within
15 seconds
Someone with potassium concentration of 7.86 in the vitreous died approximately how long ago? (Round to the nearest number of hours)
17 hours ago
The Dreyfus affair happened in:
1894 and 1895
When did Edmond Locard propose his principle of contact?
1910
Psychologists were used for the first time in a Belgian court in:
1911
In what year was the Migratory Bird Treaty passed?
1918
When was the Guid to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material First Published?
1939
In what year was the Marine Mammal Protection Act passed?
1972
Which of these indicates the twist rate?
1:100 mm
Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet
1:50 mm
In what year were the recommendations concerning the examination and identification of controlled substances finalized by SWGDRG?
2000
What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?
90
Dr. Jones mentioned that Facebook can figure out your economic status with _________ accuracy.
90%
What is an acrosome?
A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell head
Cocaine is considered:
A naturally occuring drug
Tangential impact usually results in what type of wound at the site of impact?
Abrasion
A 20 year old woman falls from her roof and dies. What is the probable manner of death?
Accident
When using the brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change
Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisdine and prodcue a purple color
When using the Brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisidine and produce a purple color
A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:
Acute Poisoning
For what reason is estimating time of death important?
All of the above
In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?
All of the above
All of the following are components of saliva except
Amino Acids
In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?
Analyze
Deep blue livor mortis is characteristic of what
Asphyxia
A poisonous substance produced by bacteria is
Bacteriotoxin
AP screening test
Bromo chloro indolyl phosphate (BCIP)- forms insoluble blue precipitate Diazo red- forms a orange/red precipitate Sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate (STMP) forms a blue color change Fast Blue B (Brentamine blue) turns dark pink/violet.
The presence of methemeglobin causes:
Brown livor
How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?
By inflating a bladder under its forehead
A quasi-intentional tort accomplished by a written defamatory statement is a/an A. false light B. slander C. libel D. invasion of privacy
C. libel
Which one of the following statements regarding definitions is true? A. rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse are defined the same across North America B. rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse can be used interchangeably with law enforcement agencies. C. terms such as rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse have to be defined differently to allow for penetration crimes vs. unwanted sexual contact of all types with males and females D. having all-inclusive terms like rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse has led to the accuracy and high percentage of people reporting these crimes to police
C. terms such as rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse have to be defined differently to allow for penetration crimes vs. unwanted sexual contact of all types with males and females
What is agglutination
CLumping of erythrocytes
Where is nuclear DNA found?
Chromosomes
What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?
Confirmatory Test
What is the condition in which no light emerges when two polarizers are placed so that the privileged directions are perpendicular?
Crossed polars
Hair is considered class evidence UNLESS:
DNA is present
Luminol is best used in what kind of environment?
Darkened
Who was the doctor who used maggot debridement therapy in World War I?
Dr. William Baer
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "
Empathy
Who generally develops earlier
Females
Which of the following products or acts is NOT prohibited under the initial Lacey Act?
Foreign commerce in illegally obtained wildlife
What is the difference between forensic exam and medical exam?
Forensic is for evidence and medical is for treatment
What would be an accurate statement about forensic nursing?
Forensic nurse examiners conduct court ordered evaluations regarding sanity or competency.
Tandem mass spectrometers are not
Futuristic super machines
Which of these historical figures is credited with establishing scientific examination of firearms evidens in the United States?
Goddard
Which jury is tasked with handing down an indictment?
Grand jury
What type of tool is used to measure the number, direction and degree of twist of lands and grooves?"
Helixometer
Phenolphthalein tests for the presence of:
Hemoglobin
Tramline bruising is indicative of:
High velocity impact with a cylindrical solid object
What makes lockpicking possible?
Imperfections in pin hole alignment
You can most commonly find Blatella Germanica?
In kitchens and Bathrooms
What technique is customary in the United States for autopsy examination?
Inframammory Incision
Laws re: EC Vary by State
Iowa = no policy regarding ERs being required to provide emergency contraception or dispense it upon request - 30 states have no policy
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
It regulates all of these
When a candle burns, what happens to the wax?
It vaporizes and reacts with oxygen in the air
What is true about handwriting?
It's a learned process
What is anoxia?
Lack of oxygen
Duquenoise-Levine
MARIJUANNAAAAA
What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)?
None of the above
What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?
Normal Hand forgeries
Expert Witness
Person who is recognized by the court as having a certain level of skill or expertise in a designated area and possesses superior knowledge because of education or specialized experience.
Secondary Reaction
Precipitation, Agglutination
What is an advantage of GC-MS?
Provides the most accurate confirmation of identification
What are friction skin ridges good for, biologically?
Providing firmer grasp and resistance to slippage
Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce
Pseudomonas fluorescens
The surface tension of blood is
Slightly less than water
The christmas tree stain is used to identify which cells?
Sperm Cells
Amylase Digests:
Starch
_________ is a death that occurs within a few hours of the onset of symptoms or death without any symptoms.
Sudden death
What Greek meanings describe the roots to the term pathologists?
Suffering and word
There are a considerable amount of mentally ill patients in prison these days. Prisoners are at a high risk for ________________. Look for ________________ in patients as well.
Suicide; Post traumatic stress disorder.
Blood with not break into smaller droplets or spatters unless what is disrupted?
Surface tension
Tiger whiskers are used as
Talismans
Killers with lower IQs:
Tend to be engaged in disorganized crime scenes
The older a pupae is:
The darker it is
You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?
The sample is positive for amylase
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"
This isnÕt one of the teeth
You find a body and the livor mortis shows blanching when touched. What do you know?
This person has been dead less than 8-12 hours
You see ashes and soot left over from a fire. What do you know?
This was the result of incomplete combustion
Who wrote The Identification of the Human Skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?
Thomas Dwight
College Campuses Study
University of California & U of Michigan = highest rates of sexual assault on campus at 30%
Urine is sterile until
Until it reaches the urethra
You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?
Urban Entomology
What is the process of using infrared to analyze inks where they can appear to glow, be transparent, or appear unchanged and also to analyze forgeries in passports, visas, etc.?
Video Spectral Comparison
The Benzidine test:
Works on the same basic principle as hydrogen peroxide
Which is not part of TLC?
a solvent comprised of blue ink and water
Which of these is the most accurate at long ranges?
full metal jacket
Which insect houses microorganisms in its gut that allow for digestion of cellulose?
termite
What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?
test method
Which is not an example of a potential heat source?
wool blanket
toxicologists
work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
A chemical found in an organism that is not normally produced by or expected to be present in that organism is a:
xenobiotic toxin
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."
n humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."
What does ADME stand for?
"Absorption, distribution, metabolism, exertion"
"You are caught with hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?
"Community service, provided you have a good lawyer"
When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
"Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue"
Why was the case People v Hawthorn important to forensic psychology?
"It resulted in psychologists being evaluated on their expertise, not the presence or absence of a medical degree"
Pin stacks consist of:
"Key pins, driver pins and springs"
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
"Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"
Tool mark evidence that is too large to be collected directly should be:
"Measured, photographed and cast"
What are the three main components of DNA?
"Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base"
Psychopathy entails:
"Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm"
National Bureau of Justice Definition of Sexual Assault
"Sexual contact of one person with another without appropriate legal consent" - Fewer than half of sexual assaults are reported - 60-80% are committed by an acquaintance
What is anthropology?
"The study of origins, behavior, and development of humans"
Specimen Collection
- Use sexual assault kit issued by Division of Criminal Investigation (DCI) - Follow the instruction sheet included; generally proceed from least invasive --> most invasive
First criminal indicted on DNA evidence
-Collin Pitchfork
What are amplicons
-Millions of copies of original DNA
How many grooves does a hook cutter make with one swipe?
1
The maximum punishment for violating the endangered species act is a fine of $50,000 and up to ____ years in prison
1
When SEM is combined with EDS what is the smallest size particle that can readily be resolved?
1 micrometer
How long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?
1 year
ow long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?
1 year
Absorption-elution method
1) Antigens are immobilized on a solid phase matrix 2) Antibodies are aded and absorbed 3) Unbound antibodies are washed away 4) Bound antibody is eluted 5) Eluted antibody is tested w/ indicator cells 6) Eluted antibody is identified by a positive agglutination run
Steps to Presumptive test
1) Organic chromogenic compound 2) Oxidizer
Approximately how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day?
1-1.5 L
Approximatly how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day
1-1.5 L
SANEs - What they do (2)
1. Conduct medical-forensic exam a. Treat injuries, assess health risks, prevent disease, referrals 2. Collect time-senstive evidence a. Document injuries b. Collect samples for evidence - by law you have 10 years to decide if you want to report that SA to the police & can still use the medical evidence - Primarily looking for DNA - Swab inside of patient's mouth for their DNA & then generally vaginally swab for perp.'s DNA - Collect underwear as well, crime lab examines this
Impact of SANEs (5)
1. Ease trauma - Helps prevent PTSD by giving victim control, avoiding blame, providing empathetic support, validating the victim's decisions, providing unconditional acceptance, helping to decrease feelings of isolation 2. 85% of survivor identified nurses' listening to them as 1 thing that helped them the most during their crisis period 3. In 8 in-depth interviews, patients said they felt respected, listened to, safe, in control, cared for, believed & informed 4. STI/HIV Prevention? 5. Increased reporting & conviction rates after implementation of a SANE program in Michigan
PTSD Signs & Symptoms (15)
1. Efforts to avoid thoughts 2. Avoids activities 3. Poor memory 4. Anhedonia 5. Feeling detached 6. Feeling "flat" 7. Sense of foreshortened future 8. Flash-backs 9. Difficulty with sleep 10. Irritability 11. Outbursts of anger 12. Hypervigilence 13. Difficulty concentrating 14. Exaggerated startled response 15. Intrusive thoughts
Sexual Assault: 5 Major Public Health Issues
1. Psychological Impact a. ASD, PTSD, Depression, Suicide 2. STIs - including HIV 3. Pregnancy 4. Physical Injuries 5. Substance Abuse
Two types of acid phosphatase
1. Seminal acid phosphatase (SAP) aka prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), Prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), or acid phosphatase (AP) 2. Vaginal acid phosphatase (VAP)
9 Specialties
1. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE)** LARGEST specialty 2. Medical Examiner (MEI)/Coroner a. Death investigator 3. Legal Nurse Consultant/Nurse Attorney a. Work closely with law firm or public attorney's office b. Medical perspective on malpractice suits - standard held to a nurse is what would a reasonable nurse do 4. Forensic Psychiatric Nurse a. Homicide/suicide cases: is the patient legally insane? 5. Correctional Health Nurse 6. Forensic Nurse Educator 7. Clinical Forensic Nurse 8. Disaster Nursing a. Caring for trauma patients while making sure evidence is preserved 9. Consultant a. Developing materials & evidence to help other disciplines
9 Steps to the Evidentiary Exam
1. Victim taken in private room/exam explained 2. Introduction of advocate 3. Informed consent 4. Medical history 5. History of incident a. Not asked a lot of detail here b. Traumatized brain does not remember everything accurately, in the right order c. If detail given here does not match exactly details given in court later, defense attorney's will use that 6. Collection of evidence a. Once evidence kit is opened, nurse CANNOT leave the room b. Can collect evidence from morgue c. Controversial: unconscious ICU patient - is it okay to do the exam? d. Bruises, scratches, bite marks = all documented 7. Pregnancy, STI prevention 8. Offer HIV nPEP 9. Follow-up instructions a. Goal is to arrange 3 follow-up appts
3 things a forensic nurse examiner's determining in a case?
1. Whether or not the defendant was using drugs. 2. Whether the defendant's reasoning ability was affected by any medical condition. 3. What the social context of the crime was.
Brentamine reaction
1. alpha-naphthyl phosphate + acid phosphatase -> free naphthol + sodium phosphate 2. free naphthol + colorless azo dye -> color change
Traveling at 5 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?
1.2 feet
In temperate areas, approximately how long does it take for skeletonization to happen?
1.5 years
In general, how quickly do light meals pass through the stomach?
1.5-2 hours
The 3 types of witnesses
1.The principals *plantiffs and defendants* 2. The fact witness 3. The expert witness
How long is a forensic psychiatrists certification valid?
10 years
Approximately how many GSW deaths are from CNS injury?
10%
How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel (according to lecture)?
100 feet
How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel?
100 feet
Blood splatter less than 1mm
100 feet per second
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops less than 1 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?
100 feet per second
Approximately how many sperm cells can you expect per ejaulation event in a normal human male?
100-150 million
Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay at one time?
100-300
Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay at one time?
100-300
Approximately how many species of Calliphoridae are described?
1000
In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating that entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?
10th and 13th
In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating the entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?
10th and 13th
When does friction ridge skin form?
12th week of development
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States
13
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States?
13
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the united states?
13
Tooth eruption is reasonably reliable up until what age?
14 years
Flies MAY colonize a body within:
15 seconds
How far (on average terrain) do dispersing maggots travel?
15-20 ft
Using known frequencies we discussed in class, what percentage of serial killers fall into the standard profile of white make, mid to late 20s?
16.10%
The McNaughton rule stems from a case in
1843
When did thomas dwight write his famous anthropology paper?
1878
When was anthropometry officially implemented as an identification system in France?
1883
When did the Luetgert murder case take place?
1897
When was George Amos Dorsey called in as an expert witness?
1897
When was the Henry classification system developed?
1897
First wildlife act passed in
1900
In what year was the lacey act passed?
1900
When did the Frye test come into existence?
1923
When did the FBI first create its forensic anthropology lab?
1932
When was the Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material first published?
1939
In which year were properly trained psychologists allowed to testify about the defendantÕs mental state?
1940
What year was psychological evidence (not directly applied to the mental state of the defendant) presented for the first time in a US court?
1954
A draft of what would become the Federal Rules of Evidence was put forth in:
1969
The controlled substances act came about in:
1970
When did the concepet of drugs being legal or illegal come about
1970's
When did the concept of drugs being legal or illegal come about?
1970s
Herbert Leon MacDonell conducted his first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?
1973
Herbert Leon MacDonnell conducted hist first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?
1973
When was the endangered species act passed?
1973
When did the Federal Rules of Evidence come into existence?
1975
Programs that teach nurses to work with sexual assault vicitims have existed in the United States since:
1976
What year was the Omnibus Crime Code for Insanity adopted?
1984
What year was the omnibus crime code for insanity adopted
1984
when were federal funds allocated to construct a dedicated laboratory for forensic wildlife investigations?
1989
In what year did the federal government enact a death investigation operation?
1990s
When did the Daubert test come into existence?
1993
In what year was the American Board of Forensic Entomology born?
1996
In which year did the ANA publish The Scope and Standards of Forensic Nursing?
1997
In which year did the Texas legislature pass a bill requiring minimum standards for SANE certification?
1997
Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet?
1:50 mm
How many grooves does a scrape cutter make with one swipe?
2
The CGS level assoicated with a partially recognizable body but absence of hands and/or feet is:
2
Approximately how much damage do termites do every year?
2 billion
Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average)
2-6 ml
Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average):
2-6 ml
What is the average perception-response time for a path intrusion at night?
2.1 seconds
What is the dental formula for a human child?
2.1.2
What is the dental formula for a human child?
2.1.2.
A 2 year old has how many teeth (usually)?
20
You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, illium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?
20
You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, llium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?
20
Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay in her lifetime (according to lecture)?
2000-3000
Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay in her lifetime?
2000-3000
In which year did the state of New Jersey pass legislation requiring a SANE in every county prosecutor's office in the state?
2001
In which year did theWorld Report on Violence and Health get released?
2002
When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court
2003
When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court?
2003
According to the chapter on wildlife forensics, which year saw the largest number of cases?
2006
When does the lamboida suture BEGIN closing?
21
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans inherit from their parents
23
How many pairs of chromosomes, including the gender chromosome, do humans have?
23
After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?"
24-48
After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?
24-48 hours
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 1-4 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?
25-100 feet per second
What is the total magnification range of the compound binocular microscope, according to your reading?
25-1200 times greater than the object
What was the speed of the Ford F-150 at the beginning of the skid marks
28
Urea
2nd largest constituent of urine. Breakdown of protein. Directly related to diet of the individual. Found in urine, semen, saliva, sweat and serum. Crystals form when combined with xanthydrol and acetic acid (indirect method). Urea nitrate crystals form when acetone extract of a urine stain is followed by a conversion to urea nitrate (direct method). Is hydrolyzed to CO2 and ammonia in presence of enzyme urease
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 2 is known as:"
2nd molar
How many larval instars do blow flies have?
3
How many larval instars to blow flies have?
3
What is the minimum number of consecutive striations that must be found on each bullet to constitute a match?
3
What percentage of human genomic DNA codes for proteins?
3
Bone
3 layers: periosteum, hard, spongy
What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?
3-15 mins
What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?
3-15 minutes
Indican
3-indoxy sulfuric acid. Can be detected w/ TLC
In general, how quickly do liquids pass through the stomach?
30
What is the cutoff point between high velocity and low velocity injuries?
300 meters per second
Approximately how many animal species are protected under the endangered species act (according to lecture)?
3000
How many teeth do most human adults have?
32
Street heroin is approximatly how pure
35%
Street heroin is approximatly how pure?
35%
Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?
3500, 55
Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?
3500,55
The CGS level assoicated with disarticulation of the skull and skull fragmentation is:
4
Approximately how long does it take intraocular fluid to dry up after death?
4 days
What is the range of the total volume of blood in healthy individuals?
4.5 6.0 liters
Traveling at 10 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?
4.7 feet
Death from blood loss
40%
Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:
40% blood volume
Death from blood loss happens at approximately
40% blood volume loss
Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:
40% blood volume loss
In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components
45%
In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components?
45%
According to the lecture, about how many victims were found during the Green River murder investigation?
48
What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?
4th ammendment
The controlled substance act classified into how many schedules
5
What is the distance from the beginning of the skid marks to the point the pedestrian was hit?
5
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. How fast (approximatly) was this blood moving?
5 feet per second
Approximately how many GSW deaths are from exsanguination?
50%
Plasma makes up _______ of whole blood and is referred to as blood ___________.
55% and serum
Seminal fluid
60% seminal vesicle fluid (proteins, flavins). 30% prostatic fluid (AP, PSA). 5% epididymis secretions. 5% bulbourethral gland secretions.
PTSD
65% met criteria at 4 weeks 76% met criteria at some point within a year - At 5 year, 26% stated they never recovered - Estimated cost of sexual assault: $159,864
An unknown body gets the following Gustafson score:A=2P=3S=2T=2C=1R=2. What is the person's approximate age?
66 years
The speed of dropping blood maxes out at
7 feet
How many grains in a pound?
7000
According to lecture, what percentage of data intercepted at night coming from the dorms at TAMU involved download of torrents and porn? "
75%
Urine production
750 mL - 2000 mL
Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?"
8--16
A healthy, normal-sized man dies in his home. The ambient temperature is 74 F, and he is not near a draft. He is wearing a light shirt and shorts. You take his body temperatures: Skin: 76.6 F; Liver: 82.6 F; Underarm: 78.6 F; Scalp: 74.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 80.6 F. Approximately how long ago did he die (assuming his normal body temp is 98.6 F, and he was not running a fever?)"
8-11 hours
Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?
8-16
Approximately what percentage of blood types are Rh+?
85%
Approximatley what % of blood types are Rh+
85%
"According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male? "
88.20%
According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male?
88.20%
"you measure a drop of blood, and get its length at 10 mm and its width at 10mm. This blood hit the target surface at what angle?
90 degrees
What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?
90%
Scientific certainty is generally restricted to what percent levels?
90% or higher
HIV Prophylaxis
<72 hours of post-exposure BID for 28 days - Evidence nPEP is effective (not 100%) - Side Effects: about half experience a. N/V, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Headache b. Give 5 days worth to see how patient tolerates the med & then whether they wish to continue - Risks: Liver toxicity (rare) - Cost: $600-$1,000 a. Paid for by state
Which death situation is most likely to be reversed given cutting edge techniques?
A 4 year old boy falls through the ice and is under in 40 minutes
What is acrosome
A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell
A crescent-shaped laceration on the head can indicate:
A circular or spherical implement
Narcissism entails:
A concentration of the psychological interest in the self
A macroscopic crime scene is most likely to be searched by:
A crime scene investigator or field tech
What is an opiate?
A large class of drugs able to cause euphoria as well as relieve pain
An amorphous material is:
A material in which the molecules are not arranged regularly
What is the difference between a medical examiner and a coroner?
A medical examiner is a medical doctor, while a coroner is an appointed or elected official
Morphine is considered:
A naturally occuring drug
A mass murderer is
A person who has murdered more than four people during a single event with no cooling off
A serial killer is:
A person who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month with a cooling off period
Sadism entails:
A pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior
Distal embolization occurs when:
A projectile slows enough and enters the vascular system
A good example of a fixed point for sketching a crime scene would be:
A recorded utility pole
Y-shaped splits at the corners of lacerations can indicate:
A rectangular implement
Which of these is considered low velocity?
A rock falling at 51 meters per second
What is a control sample?
A sample of carpet from a separate room or protected area
"You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?
A schedule V drug
You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?
A schedule V drug
According to your reading, what is increasingly the entry-level requirement for a crime scene processing job?
A science degree from a college or university
LSD is considered:
A semisynthetic drug
According to your reading, what is ethics?
A set of rules that govern conduct of a professional working in a given field
Which is not part of TLC?
A solvent comprised of blue ink and water
An endangered species is:
A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range
What is a chromogene?
A substance capable of generating a colored species
Phencyclidine is considered
A synthetic drug
Phencyclidine is considered:
A synthetic drug
An indentation tool mark is made when:
A tool is pressed against a softer surface
Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?
A triangular pelvis
Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?
A triangular pubis
What is a toxicant?
A type of poison made by humans or introduced into the human environment by human activity
Which of these is an example of a venom?
A viper bite
What Antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?
A with Anti-B
What antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?
A with Anti-B
Which of these is considered direct evidence?
A witness statement
You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-A and anti-D. What blood type does this represent?
A+
You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-d and anti-a what blood type does this represent
A+
The forensic psychiatric nurse makes the decision that a defendant is criminally not responsible based on which one of the following A. Mental status at the time of the offense B. Mental state during the assessment C. Diminished capacity D. Presence of actus reus
A. Mental status at the time of the offense
A legal nurse consultant is A. a registered nurse who is knowledgeable in many aspects of law, nursing, and medicine, as well as the sociocultural influences in patient care, legal claims, and litigation. B. a nurse who serves as a secretary in a large law corporation. C. a clinical nurse who served as a witness in a landmark case. D. a nurse who reviews evidence of child abuse.
A. a registered nurse who is knowledgeable in many aspects of law, nursing, and medicine, as well as the sociocultural influences in patient care, legal claims, and litigation.
The Omaha System provides standardized terms for client problems, practitioner interventions, and problem-specific client outcomes. Some Omaha System problems that are particularly applicable in forensic nursing A. abuse, skin, communicable/infectious condition B. speech and language, vision, hearing C. respiration and circulation D. personal care, medication regimen
A. abuse, skin, communicable/infectious condition
Internalized responsibility is A. accountability B. veracity C. justice D. authority
A. accountability
The duty of the forensic nurse is to protect the client from harm, which is enunciated by the ethical principle or nonmalfeasance. The duty to provide service for the good of the client is enunciated in the ethical principle of A. beneficence B. malfeasance C. consequentialism D. nonconsequentialism
A. beneficence
Extensive investigation may be required in a trauma or unnatural death, based on A. circumstances of death and mechanism of injury. B. variations of medical examiner or coroner system. C. patient identification and insurance. D. is not allowed by the nurse investigator.
A. circumstances of death and mechanism of injury
Most forensic psychiatric mental-health nurses work with A. criminal offenders B. victims of violent crimes C. civil cases D. defense attorneys
A. criminal offenders
According to the American Nurses Association and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (2009), basic forensic nursing is a A. generalist practice B. specialist practice C. mixed practice D. legal practice
A. generalist practice
For the accused to be found guilty in criminal litigation, the prosecution must prove A. guilt beyond a reasonable doubt B. guilt beyond all doubts C. clear and convincing guilt D. guilt based on preponderance of the evidence
A. guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
The initials SANE after a nurse's name signify that the nurse A. has met certification requirements of a certifying body for performing sexual assault examinations B. can examine adults and children in performance of a forensic nursing position C. does not have a psychiatric mental illness D. is required by law to perform forensic examinations on patients
A. had met certification requirements of a certifying body for performing sexual assault examinations
Research has shown that there is a significant effect on the actions of jury members when they are exposed to stories about physical evidence and its potential to A. include or exclude a suspect B. provide evidence about the witness C. translate the judge's rulings D. make the attorney look informed
A. include or exclude a suspect
Research reports on violence prevention strategies A. include weapon control B. have existing well-evaluated outcomes C. do not need further interagency coordination D. all of the above
A. include weapon control
Deaths that are reportable to the coroner/medical examiner include A. inmates in public institutions B. undiagnosed cancer patients C. Heart attacks D. all deaths in an ambulance
A. inmates in public institutions
Well-designed forensic nursing research, once it had been published and disseminated, has the potential to become a practice standard, as demonstrated in McFarlane, Groff, O'Brien, and Watson. (2006). This randomized clinical trial concluded that simple abuse assessment and the offer of referrals have the potential to A. interrupt and prevent recurrence of intimate partner violence B. escalate and magnify recurrence of intimate partner violence C. protect and insulate the survivor of the intimate partner violence D. reunite the abused and the abuser in a working relationship
A. interrupt and prevent recurrence of intimate partner violence
Evidence-based practice often cites randomized control trials (RCT) as the highest level of evidence. The use of RCT research A. may not be best for understanding nursing care with victims of violence B. incorporates caring, spirituality, and ethics C. can be defined as a systematic review of the literature D. is always the best evaluation of nursing outcomes
A. may not be best for understanding nursing care with victims of violence
Education concepts should be found in A. mission of the educational institution B. would not address ethnicity or multiculturalism C. health-care definitions D. forensic education syllabus
A. mission of the educational institution
Competency is temporal and thus A. must always be reevaluated and reinstated B. becomes a permanent issue over a specified time period C. fades over time and the decision automatically reverses D. must be evaluated no a monthly basis
A. must always be reevaluated and reinstated
The most important work for the legal nurse consultant in any case is to A. organize and verify that key medical and forensic records have been obtained. B. interview defendants. C. interview plaintiffs. D. communicate with opposing counsel, judge, jury, and insurance adjustor or mediator.
A. organize and verify that key medical and forensic records have been obtained.
In a civil case, the litigant who files the Complaint to commence a lawsuit is the A. plaintiff B. defendant C. witness D. consultant
A. plaintiff
The goal of all lawsuits is to A. resolve disputes B. punish the wrongdoer C. unite families D. provide work for attorneys
A. resolve disputes
Alternative light source (ALS) should be used to detect A. semen B. gonorrhea C. human papilloma virus D. pelvic inflammatory disease
A. semen
What is the overall proves an examiner uses with fingerprints?
ACE-V
In Humans two DNA n=loci code for amylase... which statement is true
AMY 1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast mil and perspirartions
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
AMY1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast milk and perspiration
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration.
Alpha-amylase
AMY1- salivary amylase (HSA). Saliva, breast milk, perspiration, tears AMY2- pancreatic amylase (HPA). Pancreas, vaginal secretion, seminal plasma, fecal material
Serological testing
Ab and Ag concentration must be adjusted so max. Ab-Ag takes place. For agglutinins, prepare a series of doubling dilutions of antisera and test w/ constant [ ] of antigen. For precipitins, dilute antigen w/ constant [ ] of antisera.
Why is the magnetic brush technique more useful on some surfaces than conventional black powder?
Able to remove excess powder
A wound that does not penetrate the full thickness of the skin and that usually heals without scarring is called:
Abrasion
A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:
Acute poisoning
How do fingerprint powders work?
Adherence to the fatty components in fingerprint residue
Lawyers representing one of two rival positions arguing for acceptance is called:
Adversarial system
Bushmeat tends to come from which area?
Africa and Asia
Cross-over electrophoresis
Agar gel in butter. Stain extract in cathodic well; antiserum in anodic well. Electric current drives serum proteins toward the anode. Antibodies toward the cathode b/c of electroendosmosis. Current causes sodium cations in buffer to move toward cathode, carrying the antibodies w/ it.
Starch-iodine radial diffusion test
Agarose gel w/ starch added. Add samples and control. Incubate overnight. Add iodine solution. W/in secs iodine will turn starch a dark blue color. Areas w/out starch remain colorless. In presence of amylase, absence of blue color and its relative size can be used as in indicator of the hydrolysis reaction.
Who is known as the pioneer of the questioned document field?
Albert Osborn
Who is the field of questioned documents credited to?
Albert Osborn
#1 Date Rape Drug that SANE Nurses See
Alcohol!
Who was the French artillery officer charged with treason based on questioned documents
Alfred Dreyfus
Who invented dynamite?
Alfred Nobel
What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B
All
What is not an example of a pyrimidine?
All are considered pyrimidines
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
PCR can be described as
All of the above
What is a category of tool marks? Compression tool marks Sliding tool marks Cutting tool marks
All of the above
What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B
All of the above
What is a type of fraudulent writing? Freehand simulations Tracings Normal hand forgeries
All of the above
What is considered a class characteristic of a firearms?
All of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist
All of the above
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?
All of the above
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching
All of the above
Why is DNA important?
All of the above
A female pelvis should have:
All of these
Expirated blood can mimic: Low velocity Medium velocity High velocity
All of these
What compounds give fecal matter its characteristic smell?
All of these
Expirated blood can mimic:
All of these (all velocities)
What substance do cockroaches feed on?
All of these are areas of forensic entomology
Which substance do cockroaches feed on?
All of these are areas of forensic entomology
Which of these is a legitimate criticism of using psychological tests to assess a defendantÕs mental state? Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest Answers: The tests donÕt address legal issues Norms are gathered for a general population and may not apply to a disturbed individual Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest
All of these are criticisms
Which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
Which of these is a good way to locate semen stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
Which of these is considered individual evidence in handwriting? Loops Pressure Proportions Movement All of these are individual evidence
All of these are individual evidence
What is a problem with the starch-iodine test?
All of these are problems
Which of these is NOT a gas produced by putrefaction (as discussed in lecture)?
All of these are produced
Why did Dr. Brundage think up so many questions about forensic entomology?
All of these are true
Which amylase catalyzes bonds within the polyglucan chains?
Alpha-amylase
What is the preferred method for SAP activity testing?
Alpha-naphthyl phosphate and Brentamine Fast Blue B
What organization examines and certifies forensic physical anthropologists at the postdoctoral level and provides oversight in professional conduct?
American Board of Forensic Anthropology
All of the following are components of saliva except
Amino acids
Presumptive tests for urine are actually testing for:
Ammonia
Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting Amylase
Amylase
"When using the starch-iodine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
Amylase needs to break down the starch in the plate, causing iodine to leave a cleared area"
When using the Phadebas reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible
When using the Phadebas Reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible.
An abrasion with hyperemia and a soft yellow crust of dried serum indicates:
An abrasion up to 36 hours old
PCP used to be used as
An animal tranquilizer
PCP used to be used as:
An animal tranquilizer
When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling:
An artery
When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling: "
An artery
An individual's competency is evaluated primarily in order to determine what
An individuals competency to stand trial
The carrier gas refers to
An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column
the carrier gas refers to
An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column
Which of the following is a function of the digital analysis unit of the national fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?
Analysis of Audio and Video collected from a suspects computer
In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?"
Analyze
the angle of ricochet is generally less than what other angle?
Angle of impact
guilty but mentally ill
Another insanity defense, where those who plead guilty, but mentally ill. Remanded to the correctional system, where they recieve treatment for their mental disorder.
How can we determine if blood is from a human?
Antibodies
According to our lecture, agglutination is a response to:
Antibodies and Antigens
Antibodies used to test for human blood are
Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin
Antibodies used to test for human blood are:
Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin
Single immunodiffusion
Antibody is incorporated into gel; antigen is loaded into wells and allowed to radially diffuse
Polyclonal
Antigen produce a series of antibodies to attack diff sites on the antigen. Allows agglutination/precipitation
Colormetric testing requires
Any Metal
Colormetric testing requires
Any metal
What is a poison?
Any substance administered in a living body that will produce ill health or death
Antigen
Any substance that stimulates an immune response or reacts with an antibody.
Plant peroxidase
Apple, apricot, bean, blackberry, artichoke, horseradish, potato, turnip, cabbage, onion, garlic, tomato, beet. Heat sample to 100C for 5 min to deteriorate the peroxidase. Heme will remain stable and test can be performed again.
What is the average length of skid marks one and two?
Approximately 38.5 feet long
"When analyzing handwriting movement, when moving a pen underhand or counter clockwise, it's referred to as: "
Arcade
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?
Arch
Lethal caretakers:
Are usually women
What takes the full blood pressure of moving blood
Arteries
Which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?
Arteries
which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?
Arteries
According to the lecture, how did the criminal avoid an immediate arrest during the Narborough investigation?
Asked his co-worker to pretend to be him when giving blood samples
Deep blue livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Asphyxia
Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Asphyxia
A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):
Aspirin
A red color change in marquis test is indicative of
Aspirin
Which of these is considered a high velocity weapon?
Assault riffle
Cementum apposition is found
At the root apex
Cementum apposition is found:
At the root apex
What do graphologists try to do?
Attribute personality traits to handwriting patterns
Removal of the skin during a bite is known as
Avulsion
Removal of the skin during a bite is known as:
Avulsion
Forensic health care indicates that a combination of legal and health-care issues must be addressed in a patient management. In relation to treatment of suicidal patients, which one of the following statements is true? A. A nurse may voluntarily elect not to report suspected intention of harm due to HIPAA privacy laws B. A decision to treat a patient against his/her will requires a legal process that assures patient protection. C. The patient may petition the court for legal treatment D. Federal laws mandate commitment and treatment of a dangerous patient
B. A decision to treat a patient against his/her will requires a legal process that assures patient protection
Exhibits that prove to be effective in communicating relevant medical issues can be turned into A. pictorial evidence. B. demonstrative evidence. C. formal evidence. D. informal evidence.
B. Demonstrative evidence.
Primary prevention is action taken to prevent development of a disease or injury. Which one of the following is true? A. Health promotion activities are unrelated to the primary stage of prevention B. Health promotion is coordinated community action aimed at legislative changes C. Primary care providers do only primary prevention actions D. Primary prevention is the initial identification and treatment of victims
B. Health promotion is coordinated community action aimed at legislative changes
In the early 20th century a French criminologist held that anytime two objects come in contact with each other there is a mutual exchange of materials which became the basis of modern scientific investigation in criminal and civil cases known as A. the principle of mutual exchange B. Locard's principle of exchange C. Edmond's principle of exchange D. the principle of mutual material exchange
B. Locard's principle of exchange
There are several distinctive differences in intimate partner violence against males. A. Approximately 10% of males report abuse in their lifetime. B. Over 2.7 million males report the experience of rape in their lifetime. C. Most male victimization is of male prostitutes in their teens. D. Most male victims of trauma are not as psychologically traumatized, so it is not studied as much
B. Over 2.7 million males report the experience of rape in their lifetime
In the coroner system, the following is TRUE A. Autopsies are done by the coroner. B. The coroner is always elected. C. The coroner is a physician but not forensically trained. D. It is the system used in more than half of the states.
B. The coroner is always elected.
The decision that a defendant is not responsible for a criminal act is based on all of the following, EXCEPT A. presence of actus reus B. absence of mens rea C. mental disease or defect D. inability to tell right from wrong
B. absence of mens rea
At a higher level of articulation, violation of the ethical principle of autonomy is a violation of the rights to A. free speech B. being human C. fiduciary duties D. association
B. being human
Nursing skills that may enhance outcome in death investigation role include A. nursing diagnoses and treatment plans. B. communication skills and critical thinking C. knowledge of surgery techniques D. nursing assessment knowledge
B. communication skills and critical thnking
Dynamic factors that place an offender at risk for sexually offending include A. age at the time of the offense B. criminal history C. gender of the victims D. attitude favorable
B. criminal history
A legal nurse consultant can demonstrate "damages" by A. producing supportive services and supplies used by the plaintiff. B. developing a spread sheet to demonstrate medical costs incurred as a result of injuries incurred as a result of negligent act. C. developing a video of the victim's family. D. performing a review of the expert's publications and prior court testimony
B. developing a spread sheet to demonstrate medical costs incurred as a result of injuries incurred as a result of negligent act.
In a jury trial, the Judge is the trier of the law while the jury is the trier of A. proof B. fact C. truth D. evidence
B. fact
The International Association of Forensic Nurses adopted the definition of forensic nursing as a practice of nursing globally when A. health and illness intersect B. health and legal systems intersect C. disaster and health intersect D. violence and law intersect
B. health and legal systems intersect
The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder following sexual assault is A. lower than domestic violence B. higher than other traumas for both males and females C. easily cured with cognitive therapy D. worse than children
B. higher than other traumas for both males and females
The ethical principle that demands that the FN is fair in all his or her interactions and communications making certain that policies and procedures are consistently and equitably applied without selective dispensation is A. fidelity B. justice C. veracity D. autonomy
B. justice
Bias is a common human characteristic and sometimes colors jury verdicts. In jury selection, this human characteristic is tempered by A. jury nullification B. peremptory challenge C. jury randomization D. jury dismissal
B. peremptory challenge
In a professional negligence case the burden of proof is A. clear and convincing B. preponderance of the evidence C. beyond all reasonable doubts D. beyond a reasonable doubt
B. preponderance of the evidence
Several purposes or objectives of crime include punishment. The purpose that exacts equal "pay back" as in the words "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, an arm for an arm, a life for a life" is A. incapacitation B. retribution C. restitution D. deterrence
B. retribution
Special issues that are experienced by correctional nurses do not include A. culture shock that reflects the stress of caring for the disadvantaged B. supportive and collaborative nature of prison and jail administration, staff, and patients C. limitation of resources for health care provision, including staff D. role socialization for nurses working in secure environments
B. supportive and collaborative nature of prison and jail administration, staff, and patients
Which of the following is true regarding the current status of the definition of violence? A. The definition is universally shared B. The definition is not universally shared C. The clear definition will constrain clinical research D. none of the above
B. the definition is not universally shared
Core elements of correctional health care are categories for organizing knowledge for practice, and include all of the following, EXCEPT that A. there is a legal obligation to provide care and avoid deliberate indifference B. theory, knowledge, and protocol have little place in standards of correctional nursing care C. laboratory, diagnostic, and emergency care are mandatory components of correctional health care D. awareness of patient assignment to staff ratios is mandatory for safety
B. theory, knowledge, and protocol have little place in standards of correctional nursing care
Literature on treatment of suicidal patients reveals an action-interaction strategy (Sun and colleagues) with an identified core of A. holistic assessments and patient protection. B. therapeutic relationship vested in safe, compassionate care. C. provision of basic mental and physical care. D. hope-inspiring advanced healing care.
B. therapeutic relationship vested in safe, compassionate care.
How does adipocere form?
Bacterial enzymes convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats
Which of these historical figures helped advance fingerprint, firearms, and hair analysis in Paris?
Balthazard
________________ Developed probability models that showed fingerprints are unique.
Balthazard
Dillie-Kopanyi
Barbituates
Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for
Barbituates
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
Barbiturates
Identification of saliva
Based on detection of inorganic anions: thiocyanate, nitrites enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, amylase antigens- HSA
Which lockpick has a dangerous weakness?
Batarang
Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors
why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors
What is the term for the halo or brightness that enters into the material of greater RI?
Becke line
When must documentation on found items be done?
Before its collected
Where was forensic psychology first used?
Belgium
Which presumptive test was the most used before it was identified as a carcinogen?
Benzidine
Which of these historical figures helped developed the system of anthropometry?
Bertillon
Amylase
Beta-amylase and alpha-amylase
Sexual Assault & Alcohol - 5 Main Points
Between 1998-2005: a. ~97,000 students were victims of alcohol-related sexual assault b. ~400,000 had unprotected sex while under the influence c. >100,000 reported being too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex d. 45% of perpetrators under the influence of alcohol/drugs - Sad Irony: While a large # occur under the influence of alcohol, they are more difficult to prosecute & juries are less likely to convict a perpetrator for "drunken sex"
What gives fecal mater its characterisitic color
Bile pigments and their breakdown products
What gives fecal matter its characteristic color?
Bile pigments and their breakdown products
What is the analytical and identifying characteristic of a material?
Birefringence
"You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. the top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
Biscuit Beetle
You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
Biscuit beetle
The scientific name of the german cockroach is:
Blatella Germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building
Blatella Germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?
Blatella Germanica
The scientific name for the German cockroach is:
Blatella germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?
Blatella germanica
What specimens are usually collected to determine the presence of common drugs of abuse?
Blood and urine
A positive Benzidine test is:
Blue
What type of object produces lacerations rather than incised wounds?
Blunt Objects
Lacerations happen during what type of injury?
Blunt force trauma
Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
Bodily Fluids
Forensic serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
Bodily Fluids
Cocaine comes from plants commonly found in:
Bolivia and Columbia
Which of these is most resistant to thermal shock?
Borosilicate
What type of examination identifies physical characteristics specific to plants that are considered controlled substances?
Botanical examinations
What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?
Both A & B
When do drugs become a law enforcement issue?
Both A and B
Where will the insects come from when a body was found at a dump site versus its original kill site?
Both A and B
What does physical developer react with in fingerprint residue?
Both B and C
What types of bullets are not well marked by the rifling of a barrel? Lead Semi-jacketed Full metal jacketed
Both B and C
What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its geneitalia to develop?
Both male and female
The LEGAL definition of a wound is:
Breach of the full thickness of the skin
What causes the greenish discoloration of the abdomen during decomposition
Breakdown of hemoglobin by bacteria
What is the common name for a contusion?
Bruise
What does "reconnecting the suicidal patient with humanity" mean, according to Cutcliffe's theoretical premise for nursing care with the suicidal patient? A. A family meeting with a Bowen Family Therapist who specializes in reconnecting the suicidal patient back into the family system. B. A discharge planning process whereby the patient actively participates in choosing his/her community residence and employment opportunities. C. A three-stage process for nursing interventions with empathetic, nonbiased care to guide the suicidal patient toward attaining power over his/her suicidality with the confidence to live again. D. None of the above
C. A three-stage process for nursing interventions with empathetic, nonbiased care to guide the suicidal patient toward attaining power over his/her suicidality with the confidence to live again.
Which one of the following is a manner of death (MOD) that is consistent with the cause of death (COD)? A. COD: cocaine toxicity; MOD: overdose B. COD: gunshot wound to the abdomen; MOD: Exsanguination C. COD: hanging; MOD: suicide D. COD: exsanguination; MOD: wrongful medication dosage
C. COD: hanging; MOD: suicide
Which of the following statements is true? A. Personal values of the nurse have no impact on correctional nursing practice. B. Clinical expertise in correctional nursing comes with seniority. C. Expert knowledge and successful problem solving is the basis for correctional nursing D. Correctional nursing care is guided by law and access to care, not by evidence
C. Expert knowledge and successful problem solving is the basis for correctional nursing
Among different racial and ethnic groups, ________ report more sexual assault and violence-related medical visits. A. Native American and black groups B. Black and Caucasian groups C. Native American and native Canadian groups D. Hispanic and Afro-Caribbean groups
C. Native American and native Canadian groups
An important role of the legal nurse consultant is to A. determine where to file the complaint B. conduct depositions during the discovery process. C. provide gold-standard, evidence-based literature to assist in illustrating the standard of care. D. serve as a paralegal/secretary for the attorney in the law office setting.
C. Provide gold-standard, evidence-based literature to assist in illustrating the standard of care
Which one of the following statements is true, given that around 65% to 85% of persons communicate about their suicide prior to their attempts. A. Acute interventions are the most critical first step in the treatment continuum. B. Determination of the best setting for care is the most important therapeutic issue. C. Talking about suicide can be the most important therapeutic issue. D. Talking about suicide puts the idea in the person's head.
C. Talking about suicide can be the most important therapeutic issue.
What is a legal reform theory that considers how the well-being of those in the legal system is impacted by legal actions, rules, and procedures? A. General Systems B. Therapeutic Intervention C. Therapeutic Jurisprudence D. Complexity Theory
C. Therapeutic Jurisprudence
Civil competency focuses on the person's A. mental status at the time of the offense B. state of mind during the criminal process C. ability to make certain decisions D. ability to take care of him or herself
C. ability to make certain decisions
Competency-based education for health-care professionals is A. the requirement in all health-care education B. makes it easier for students to learn forensic management C. advised by the Institute of Medicine reports D. none of the above
C. advised by the Institute of Medicine reports
Debriefing as a component of simulation should be conducted A. prior to the scenario B. during the scenario C. after the scenario is completed D. one week after the simulation has been completed
C. after the scenario is completed
The ethical principle that confers respect and self-determination on all human beings, including individuals with diminished capacity by reason of age or illness including mental, psychological, or physical disorder, unconscious or semiconscious state, or under the influence of a mind-altering substance is A. veracity B. justice C. autonomy D. fidelity
C. autonomy
Psychological first aid (PFA) for crisis intervention following a trauma A. can only be done by mental health professionals B. consists of a set of core actions C. can be easily learned by families and health professionals D. is proven by research to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy
C. can be easily learned by families and health professionals
There are eight core actions included in psychological first aid (PFA). For most acute crises, health professionals must at the very least do which one of the following sets of action? A. Compassionately engage, provide practical assistance, and refer for help B. define the problem, provide practical assistance, and refer for help C. define the problem, ensure safety, and provide support D. Define the problem, provide information on coping and stress and refer for help
C. define the problem, ensure safety, and provide support
Two general bodies of evidence are present in all potential litigation--(1) fact evidence and (2)______ A. real evidence B. tested evidence C. expert opinion evidence D. clear and convincing evidence
C. expert opinion evidence
Challenges commonly encountered in practice include A. developing good paralegal practice skills. B. deposing expert witnesses. C. finding the causal connection between the negligent care and the injury. D. teaching the attorney defensive nursing practice.
C. finding the casual connection between the negligent care and the injury.
Forensic nurses cannot use data to A. reduce assault through law enforcement and crime prevention efforts B. improve services for assault victims through research C. identify perpetrators D. expand access to care for assault victims through health systems policy
C. identify perpetrators
When functioning in the forensic role, the nurse adheres to which principle of confidentiality? A. adherent B. strict C. limited D. none
C. limited
An unintentional wrongdoing as the failure to meet a standard of care, as any reasonably prudent health-care provider would do, possessing similar knowledge and skills under comparable circumstances, is A. battery B. assault C. negligence D. kidnapping
C. negligence
Responders to traumatic situations are at risk of developing changes in physiological and A. biological indices B. social indices C. neurological indices D. behavioral indices
C. neurological indices
The age group at highest risk for rape and sexual assault is A. children 8 to 12 years of age B. early adolescents 13 to 16 years of age C. older adolescents 18 to 24 years of age D. young adults 24 to 30 years of age
C. older adolescents 18 to 24 years of age
Correctional nursing practice is influenced by A. lack of constitutional right of inmates that limit health care provided to them B. health care that is a dire medical necessity C. principles of constitutional law that require provision of dental, medical, psychiatric and psychological care D. Eighth Amendment requirements to modify care to inmates when cost is in question
C. principles of constitutional law that require provision of dental, medical, psychiatric, and psychological care
Nursing's Social Policy Statement defines nursing's obligations to society and includes six critical elements of nursing--provision of caring relationship, attention to human experiences and responses to health and illness, integration of objective data with the patient's subjective experience, application of scientific knowledge, advancement of professional knowledge and the promotion of A. health B. quality of life C. social justice D. well-being
C. social justice
Which of these is considered a remote action poison
CO
What does the acronym CODIS stand for?
CODIS
You are trying to analyze some DNA evidence. Which forensic database should you use?
CODIS
Mescaline comes from what type of plant?
Cacutus
To what family do blow flies and bottle flies belong?
Calliphoridae
Which of these is of the greatest forensic importance (currently)?
Calliphoridae
Chemical oxidants
Can catalyze the oxidation rxn even in the absence of heme. Copper, nickel, rust, formalin, some bleaches, iodine, lead oxides, cobalt, some potassium components, metallic salts
Exculpatory evidence:
Can exclude a person as a source
Inculpatory evidence:
Can include a person as a source
What are the knurled grooves in bullets referred to as?
Cannelures
A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbolic Acid
A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbolic acid
Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except...
Carbon Dioxide
Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except..."
Carbon dioxide
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Carbon monoxide
A lumpy liver is indicative of which of theses conditions
Carbon tetra chloride
A lumpy liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbon tetra chloride
Why don't we use benzidine any longer
Carcinogen
SANE nurse
Care of adult and pediatric victims of sexual assault. Sexual assault response teams *SARTs*. Expert care in acute settings, and advocacy for acute and long-term needs of victims. Reffal for counseling for survivors.
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter patter on the walls.You see lines of circular and elliptical drops on the ceiling? What caused these patterns?
Cast off
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?
Cast off
What patterns have a linear directionality associated with them?
Castoff
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"
Central incisor
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
Central incisor
What is putrefaction?
Changes produced by action of bacteria and microorganisms
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching
Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching All of the above
False positives for catalytic color tests
Chemical oxidants, plant peroxidases, natural oxidation, animal blood, other fluids
Oxidation
Chemical rxn in which a substance gives up e- when the substance binds with oxygen. Strong oxidizing agents include oxygen
A yellowed liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Chloroform
What part of a shotgun is a constriction in the muzzle that serves to concentrate the shot pattern?
Choke
The Epiphysis is made of:
Chondroblasts
Which of these is NOT a medulla pattern found in humans?
Circular
By definition, forensic evidence is:
Circumstantial
Cases between individuals or parties are called:
Civil cases
What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?
Class Characteristics
Blood type is considered:
Class Evidence
What type of evidence comes into court and does not reference a particular suspect?
Class characteristic
What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?
Class characteristics
Blood type is considered:
Class evidence
What is agglutination?
Clumping of erythrocytes
A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:
Cocaine
Erythroxylon coca produces:
Cocaine
Scott Test
Cocaine
The Scott test screens for
Cocaine
Who was the first criminal caught with DNA evidence?
Colin Pitchfork
Bones have flexibility due to their _______________ content
Collagen
What instrument measures color by elimination the subjectivity of human observation?
Colorimeter
Leuco crystal violet
Colorless form. Prepared in acetic acid. Reduced from of crystal violet dye. Turns pink-purple in the presence of blood. Often used to detect/enhance latent bloodstains or patterns. Oxidized form is an anti-fungal agent.
Catalytic color test
Colorless reagent that will produce a characteristic color upon oxidation. Extensively conjugated ring system. Oxidizer is typically hydrogen peroxide. Rxn is catalyzed by the peroxidase-like activity of the heme group. H202 is reduced and oxidizes the organic dye, giving it color
What does the acronym CODIS stand for?
Combined DNA Information Systems
What does the acronym codes stand for?
Combined DNA information System
What do digital imaging tools do to the traditional video and still photography used in crime scene documentation?
Complement
You burn a substance and produce only carbon dioxide and water. This is known as:
Complete combustion
Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?
Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"
Postmortem redistribution refers to
Concentration changes that occur after death as drugs move from one bodily region to another
Which fracture types can tell us from which direction a projectile struck glass?
Conchodial
What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?
Confirmatory test
Who created the initial listing of controlled substances attached to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970?
Congress
Type O
Contain H antigen. H antigen is precursor to A and B antigens.
An awareness of how much we do not know and the humility to acknowledge the possibility of making mistakes is known as:
Contrite fallibilism
What term is defined as an accumulation of blood in the tissues outside the blood vessels?
Contusion
Which treaty has been referred to as the ""Magna Carta"" for wildlife?"
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
What type of metal is used on lead alloy bullets to reduce the friction between the bullet and the gun barrel?
Copper
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicativve of which of these conditions
Copper sulfate
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Copper sulphate
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? (2)
Copper sulphate, lead poisoning
What are the Palmer and Zaner-Bloser methods?
Copybook styles of penmanship
Soft, swollen, rnaslucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of what condition
Corrosive alkali
Soft, swollen, translucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "
Corrosive alkali
Both the Frye and Duabert tests were the result of:
Court cases
Jaffe test
Creatinine reacts w/ picric acid in alkaline environment to form bright orange/red product creatinine picrate
What is the English translation of the first forensic science textbook, published in 1893?
Criminal Investigation
The outermost portion of the hair shaft is called the:
Cuticle
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Cyanide poisoning
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Cyanide poisoning or Carbon Monoxide
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons (2)
Cyanide poisoning, carbon monoxide
Which development technique is used as a pre-treatment to fix prints?
Cyanoacrylate ester
What is the scientific term for "super glue?"
Cyanoacrylate esters
What is the scientific term for super glue
Cyanocyrlate esters
An experienced forensic nurse may have difficulty assessing suicide and the range of self-injurious behaviors. Nursing assessment must incorporate techniques to A. circumvent the intention of behaviors B. include close collaboration with caretakers, family, and friends C. assess the patient only, since suicide is such a personal issue D. A and B
D. A and B
Intervention planning for the mental health patient should include A. educating the patient about coping skills and cognitive style B. family and friends C. limited communication with entire health-care team D. A and B
D. A and B
Protective factors that can help decrease the risk of suicide may include A. a stable social support system and the ability to use coping skill B. a sense of hopefulness and spiritual inclinations C. A only D. A and B
D. A and B
Suicide assessment includes A. a comprehensive and systematic approach. B. information that may indicate individual risk factors C. the need only to follow a clinical interview format D. A and B
D. A and B
When caring for a patient in the midst of an intimate violent relationship, which one of the following is true? A. Counseling the patient about the potential lethal outcome could save her life B. In the event of separation, the abused partner's life may be in danger C. The partner's beliefs of entitlement and ownership are destroyed and will lead to seeking a partner they can more easily control D. A and B
D. A and B
Which one of the following is true regarding the forensic post-mortem or autopsy examination? A. it is performed on all decreased persons B. can only be performed by the pathologist C. authority to perform is given by the family D. authority to perform is given by the state
D. Authority to perform is given by the state
Boundary violations are a breakdown in professionalism and may result when which of the following occurs? A. A previously trustworthy and cooperative inmate demands to be seen by one nurse only. B. Sexual intimacy occurs between inmate and staff. C. The nurse refers and discharges a patient when patient is clearly ready. D. Both A and B are violations.
D. Both A and B are violations
Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the collection of evidence with an unconscious patient? A. It violates client-informed decision-making in Canadian Nurses' Code of Ethics B. Laws differ across the U.S. C. It is supported by American Nurses' Code of Ethics, which respects patient self-determination D. It must be done in case they are still unconscious for more than 72 hours
D. It must be done in case they are still unconscious for more than 72 hours
As with other hierarchies of scientific evidence, Chapter 9 depicts A. qualitative research as the strongest evidence, and observations as the lowest level B. case studies as the lowest and systematic syntheses as the highest level of evidence C. individual summaries as the lowest level and consensus expert opinions as the best evidence D. RCT as best evidence and qualitative interview a the lowest level of evidence
D. RCT as best evidence and qualitative interview as the lowest level of evidence
The majority of adolescents in correctional facilities A. just need discipline and guidelines for behavior disorders B. are not in need of serious medical or mental health care C. have access to abundant services that exist but are seldom used for their health care. D. should be prudently screened for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that could lead to violent behavior.
D. Should be prudently screened for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that could lead to violent behavior
Elder abuse is defined as A. failure of a responsible person to provide for basic needs of the older person B. intentional injury, assault, or threat with a weapon C. psychological trauma and humiliation following a threat or controlling behavior D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Students in the health professions are beginning to request educational content on forensic health issues because A. the health-care systems are complex environments B. institutional, organizational guidelines require standard of care for forensic patients C. basic health professional education does not include adequate content D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The financial cost of violence drains the ________ system. A. criminal justice B. health-care C. children protective services D. all of the above systems
D. all of the above systems
Forensic psychiatric mental health nurses may A. act as ad litem guardian B. develop divorce decrees C. assess sexual assault victims D. assess the accused/defendant's competence to stand trial
D. assess the accused/defendant's competence to stand trial
An intentional tort accomplished by offensive touching of another without consent is a/an A. assault B. false imprisonment C. intentional infliction of emotional distress D. battery
D. battery
A definition of violence is characterized by A. intent to cause harm B. contextual issues C. none of the above D. both of the above
D. both of the above
Laws are derived from four major sources on the national level in the United States and in several states and territories. These are Common law, Administrative law, Legislative law, and A. treatises B. policies C. regulation D. constitutional law
D. constitutional law
In understanding sociocultural factors, bias and discrimination are uncomfortable subjects to many because they give rise to difficult conversations nad A. clarity and understanding B. transparency and veracity C. truthfulness D. different responses
D. different responses
During a forensic interview, the interviewee tells the nurse about crimes committed not on record. He then tells the nurse that she can't tell anyone about this because of the nurse-client relationship, stating, "It's like going to confession." The nurse should A. disregard what the interviewee said because he is only doing this to taunt the nurse. B. not record the information because it would be a breach of nurse-client confidentiality. C. record the information on a separate record for the purpose of treatment interventions D. document the comments and explain the limited nature of confidentiality in forensic interviews
D. document the comments and explain the limited nature of confidentiality in forensic interviews
Which of the following options is an example of Cause of Death (COD)? A. Eye witness accounts B. Homicide C. Suicide D. Gunshot wound
D. gunshot wound
A distinctive feature of forensic nursing practice is the nurses' knowledge and skill in navigating intersections of legal and social systems with: A. political systems B. economic systems C. ecological systems D. health-care systems
D. health-care systems
A tort is a wrongful or crooked act that injures another classified three ways. The tort that requires that the person committing the act has the requisite knowledge and will to commit the wrong is a/an A. unintentional tort B. quasi-intentional tort C. malpractice tort D. intentional tort
D. intentional tort
The verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is decided by the A. forensic examiner B. judge C. jury D. judge or jury
D. judge or jury
Reporting injury is A. the most effective evidence presented in court to convict the accused B. the least effective evidence presented in court to convict the accused C. not relevant in most cases evaluated and reports in Canadian and American studies. D. more related to prosecution if injuries were severe or the accused was a stranger
D. more related to prosecution if injuries were severe or the accused was a stranger
Electronic forensic medical record data do not provide information on the A. type and location of provider B. race/ethnicity of victims C. type of assault D. narrative notes of the encounter
D. narrative notes of the encounter
Legal nurse consulting is the A. evaluation and analysis of facts and the rendering of informed evidence-based opinions related to the delivery of nursing and health care. B. analysis and diagnosis of facts and giving opinions related to the delivery of health care. C. review, analysis, and synthesis of facts and rendering opinions related to the health-care event. D. presentation of facts and rendering of opinions related to the cascade of events in a health-care setting.
D. presentation of facts and rendering of opinions related to the cascade of events in a health-care setting
Demographic and public policy shifts in the United States have led to A. reduction in number of incarcerated persons in federal facilities but growth in state facilities B. growth in number of incarcerated persons in federal facilities but reduction in state facilities C. stable but concerning numbers over the past 30 years D. projected growth of incarcerated population at three time that of the general population
D. projected growth of incarcerated population at three times that of the general population
Forensic psychiatric nursing includes all roles/function, EXCEPT A. correctional mental health nursing B. criminal and civil competence C. criminal responsibility D. recommendation of criminal charges
D. recommendation of criminal charges
Low-fidelity simulation is A. connected B. immersive C. integrated D. static
D. static
Advanced technology is creating a dependence on simulation as a/an A. enculturation into nursing and health-care education B. replacement for clinical experience C. self-paced learning module D. teaching and learning strategy
D. teaching and learning strategy
To formulate an answerable clinical question, Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2005) suggest the widely used standard PICOT format--Population/Patient, Intervention of Interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, and A. test B. theory C. therapy D. time
D. time
The entire process of implementing research into practice is referred to as A. synergy science B. complexity science C. forensic science D. translation science
D. translation science
Informatics solutions specifically for forensic nursing do not include A. generating data B. warehousing data C. data to attorneys and law enforcement D. vital statistics data
D. vital statistics data
According to the lecture, why is it that DNA can be easily denatured by high temperatures?
DNA has weak hydrogen bonds through their complementary base pairs
The FDA gets an alert that the defect action level has been reached in canned peaches. What does this mean?
Damages or foreign substances not harmful to humans have been found above federally mandated limits, and action must be taken to correct the problem
Luminol is best used in which kind of environments?
Darkened
What are Tardieu's spots?
Darkened spots on the skin due to burst capillaries
What is the major active Agent in Marijujuana
Dat THC doeeeee
Which of these states that the known or potential error rates of the theory or technique needs to be applied?
Daubert Test
A man dies due to a heart attack. What is his cause of death?
Death of the heart muscle due to myocardial infarction due to blood clot in arteries
What causes ""marbling"?
Decomposition of blood in veins by bacteria
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Which of the following is NOT a group that enforces Wildlife Protection Policy?
Department of Wildlife Protection
Tetramethylbenzidine
Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns blue-green. Less carcinogenic than benzidine b/c of methylated structure. Active chemical in hemastix test strips
Orthotolidine
Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns dark/blue. Probable carcinogen
The McNaughton Rules
Derive from a trial in 1843 in which a man was tried for the murder of a public offical. The perpetrator believed there was a conspiracy among the Tories of England to destroy him. In an attempt to assassinate the Prime Minister, this man mistakenly shot the secretary of the Prime minister. The perpetrator was found to be criminally insane and accquited of his murder.
What is anthropophagy?
Destruction of body by predators
Controlled substances are:
Determined by federal or state laws
competence to proceed
Determined by the defendant's present thinking at the time of the trial.
The concept known as equifinality refers to what?
Different agents of bone modification producing similar types of damage
Which of these is an example of a poison
Digitalis
Which of these is an example of a poison?
Digitalis
Which of these is considered a remote action poison? (5)
Digitalis, hydrogen sulfide, ether, alcohol, CO
You want to test an unknown substance for barbiturates. Which of these is the best choice?
Dillie-Koppanyi test
What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internally to qualify expert witnesses in court?
Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology
What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internationally to qualify expert witnesses in court?
Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology
What is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct Observation
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate an organized killer by using: "
Direct confrontation
What is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct observation
Which is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct observation
Agglutination assays
Direct: antibody interacts directly w/ antigens located on the cell surface. Passive: antigen bound to a carrier before the addition of antibodies.
What two properties of light do isotropic materials not affect?
Direction and vibration
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of an individual stain?
Direction of Flight
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?
Direction of Flight
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?
Direction of flight
The MEDICAL definition of a wound is:
Disruption of the continuity of the tissues by external mechanical force
A conscious attempt to deliberately attempt to minimize or deny symptoms of a mental disorder is known as what?
Dissimulation
At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?
Distant Shots
At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?
Distant shots
According to your reading, what is perapst the single most important task of the crime scene investigator?
Documentation of the crime scene's original condition
Advantages of bluestar
Does not need total darkness. Chemiluminescence is often brighter and last longer than laminal. Creates intense blue light
What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?"
Double action revolver
Who wrote Dentistry in Legal Medicine?
Dr. Amoedo
Who submitted an affidavit of his examination of bloodstain evidence and findings in the case of State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard in 1955 which became a significant milestone in the recognition of bloodstain evidence by the American legal system?
Dr. Paul Kirk
The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:
Driver Pins
The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:
Driver pins
Which of these is most profitable?
Drug Trafficking
What is the workplace drug testing primarily concerned with?
Drugs of abuse
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
Dry Extraction
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
Dry extraction
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix? Dry extraction
Dry extractions
What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC
Duquenois Levine test
What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC?
Duquenois Levine test
You want to test an unknown substance for marijuana. Which of these is the best choice?
Duquenois-Levine color test
You want to test an unknown substance for marijuanna
Duquensoiis-Levine color test
Leuco dye
Dye whose molecules can acquire two forms, one of which is colorless. When reduced is a colorless agent. Capable of being reconverted to the original dye by oxidation. Compounds used as biological stains/dyes all have chromophoric group, structure which gives them color
Which is NOT a symptom of brain death (according to lecture)?
EKG silence
Excess antigen
Each antibody becomes saturated with antigen. Precipitate forms but then diminishes. Cross linking can't occur.
Excess antibody
Each antigen molecule is rapidly saturated. Cross linking doesn't occur. No precipitate formed
Which is NOT a reason teeth are excellent for forensics?
Each tooth has an individual ridge pattern which can be used alone to identify a person
When do basic pattersn of friction ridge skin form?
Early embryonic development
The 'triangle of safety' involves
Ears, side of face, neck, and top of shoulders
Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Easier to retrieve even if damaged
What is the term for the sweat glands found in friction ridge skin?
Eccrine
Linkage of persons, scenes or objects is based on what?
Edmond Locard's exchange principle
Which is the correct order for blow fly development?
Egg, larvae, pupae, adult
What body parts couldn't leave a pattern transfer from friction ridge skin?
Elbows
What are the five basic methods of heat production?
Electrical, mechanical, compressed gas, nuclear, chemical
Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?
Electrochemical etching
What is the most discriminating technique of glass?
Elemental profiles
Immunogen
Elicits antibody formation, proteins, polysacchardies, glycolipids, glycoproteins,
What is pain referred to as when the film formed by chemical cross linkage of a number of its components?
Enamel
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Enamel
What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?
Energy produced by the fired cartridge
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
Enzyme Markers
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
Enzyme markers
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microtiter plate is coated w/ monoclonal antibody. Sample is added (antigen). Binding occurs. Polyclonal antibody added. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich forms. Enzyme-labeled antiglobulin added and binds to sandwich. Excess antiglobulin washed away. Bound enzyme produces color or fluorescence and is measured using spectrophotometry.
Most presumptive blood tests take advantage of which cell?
Erythrocytes
What is the goal of generating forensic evidence from the gathered information?
Establishing material facts before or at trial
Credentials for credibility
Establishment of expertise: Academic preparation Professional training Occupational and life experiences Involvement in professional organizations Establishment of Trustworthiness and objectivity: Dress, manner, and performance that communicate professionalism. Successful communication to jury.
What drug is the most commonly seen in forensic practice but rarely kills directly and is a contributory factor in approximately 50% of traumatic death?
Ethanol
Which of these is NOT a type of writing system?
Etzlinger
High dose hook effect
Excess antigen cause false negative result. Hb [ ] too high causing huge amounts of free Hb to migrate toward the test region. Free Hb gets in the way of mobile Ag-Ab complex containing the pink dye and doesnt allow it to bind to antibody in test region
The number one primary cause for fatal vehicular accidents in 2009 was due to what?
Excessive speed
What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?
Explosive
What smokeless powder process involves kneading together nitrocellulose and other ingredients with an organic solvent to form a dough-like mass?
Extruded powder process
ugo Munsterberg focused his research on
Eyewitness accounts
IAFIS is maintained by which governmental body?
FBI
Where was the pivotal article on examining skeletal remains written by W.M. Krogman in 1939 published?
FBI bulletin
Problems w/ cross-over electrophoresis
False negatives can occur due to postzone effect. Electrophoresis carried out in wrong direction causes samples to run off gel. Wrong buffer/current
Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?
Fatigue type fracture
Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?
Fatigue-type fracture
Which of these was a result of a committee of lawyers, judges, and legal scholars?
Federal Rules of Evidence
Which of these explicitly states that the judge is the "gatekeeper" of what evidence is admitted into a courtroom?
Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702
When does tooth development begin?
Fetal life
According to lecture, which of these is one of the most common types of trace evidence?
Fiber
Sir Francis Galton wrote which book?
Finger Prints
Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?
Fingerprints
Which of these is partially responsible for semen lighting up under a black light?
Flavins
Properties of blood
Fluid portion- plasma, cellular portion- RBC, WBC, Platelets
What type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have?
Fluted
A fire's area of origin:
Follows the path of least resistance
Forensic Nursing Definition
Forensic: pertaining to the law Forensic Nursing: The practice of nursing globally when health & legal systems intersect - All nurses are mandatory reporters, therefore all nurses are involved in forensic nursing
A hard and leathery stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Formaldehyde
What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?
Fourth Amendment
What is a more common finding in manual strangulation?
Fraction of the cornu
A massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called
Fuminant poisoning
massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called
Fuminant poisoning
What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?
GC-MS
Which technique is a type of confirmatory analysis?
GC-MS
What is the term used to describe the number of spherical lead balls having the diameter of the interior of the barrel that weigh one pound.
Gauge
The Daubert trilogy is made up of three trials. One is the Daubert trial. What are the other two?
General Electric Co. vs Joiner and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael
Low explosives _________, whereas high explosives ________
Generate pushing power; generate shattering power
What is an example of a non-porous substrate?
Glass
Which of these is considered an irritant poison
Glass Powder
Which of these is considered and irritant poison
Glass powder
What is necessary to detect vaginal secretions?
Glycogenated epithelial cells
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Glycoprotein made up of 237 amino acids. Aka P-30. Possesses antigenic properties. Reacts w/ anti P-30 produced in animals. Present in seminal fluid at [ ] of 0.5-2.0 mgl/ml. Produced by the epithelial cells that line the ducts of the prostate gland.
STIs & Sexual Assault (3)
Gonorrhea: 6-12% Chlamydia: 4-17% Syphilis: 0.5-3% - One time dose of antibiotics usually given at sexual assault exam a. Not tested for STI b/c may not show up yet b. By law you cannot bring someone's past medical history into a sexual assault case c. Recommend people have follow up testing
Long UV (365-415)
Good for body fluids such as semen and saliva, greenish fluorescence. NO barrier filter required for viewing, but UV protective goggles should be worn to protect the eyes
Chemical Mapping
Good for fabrics that are not ideal for visualization w/ an ALS. Highly absorbent, white, dark, garments otherwise stained
Which type of jury is empowered to decide if the evidence against a defendant warrents proceeding to the next step?
Grand jury
What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?
Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundred to thousands of copies per cell
What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?
Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell
Hydrogen sulfide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Green
Whose experimental findings were that second generation reappearance of characteristics present in one of the grandparents used in his studies demonstrated that inheritance was particulate and mixing did not alter genes?
Gregor Mendel
Which of these historical figures is coined the term "criminalistics"?
Gross
The misting effect is a pattern associated with what?
Gunshot
The nurse is caring for an incarcerated patient. Which most frequently seen psychotic symptom in prisions should the nurse anticipate?
Hallucinations and Delusions
Who coined the term Criminalistics?
Hans Gross
Schedule II drugs:
Have high potential for abuse but have an accepted medical use
Schedule I drugs:
Have high potential for abuse with no accepted medical use
Schedule III drugs
Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use
Schedule III drugs:
Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use
Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble up in the presence of blood?
Hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity
Copy of "When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
Copy of when using luminol what needs to happen to observe a color change
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue
_________ is need for the transport of oxygen and _________ is needed for clot formation
Hemoglobin; Platelets
_______is needed for the transport of oxygen and _______ is needed for clot formation
Hemoglobin; platelets
What is a system in which the US has adapted ten print sets for classification
Henry System
What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?
Henry System
hich fingerprint classification system is still in use in most English speaking countries today
Henry classification system
What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?
Henry system
Diacetylmorphine is also known as:
Heroin
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
Herschel
SAP found..
High [ ] in semen. Very low [ ] in blood of healthy males. Higher [ ] in the blood of males suffering from prostate cancer. In male urine.
Vaginal secretions
High [ ] of Glycogen. Lugo's iodine- Stains glycogen brown w/ iodine and cells w/out glycogen stain golden yellow
Under which circumstances is adipocere most likely to form?
High humidity and temperature
A round, crater-shaped hole with a wide exit side in a pane of glass indicates:
High velocity projectiles
Gun shot wounds tend to produce
High velocity spatter patterns
Gun shot wounds tend to produce:
High velocity spatter patterns
HIV Risk from Sexual Contact with HIV Positive Source
Highest occurrence with receptive anal sexual contact - HIV attacks your T-Cells & uses them to make copies of itself - About 2,000 known HIV cases in Iowa
Combination of DNA & Specialized proteins are called?
Histones
What is toxicokinetics?
How drugs and poisons move through the body
S=√30df helps you calculate:
How fast a car was going
What is toxicogenomics?
How genetic factors play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison
What is toxicogenomics?
How genetic factos play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison.
What determines how much residue of an accelerant will be left and for how long?
How volatile the accelerant is
What is the process in which a probe along with a radioactive label is bound to DNA fragments?
Hybridization
Early apperance of decomposition is indicative of which of these conditions
Hydrogen Sulfide
Which of these is considered a remote action poison?
Hydrogen Sulfide
Early appearance of decomposition is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Hydrogen sulfide
DNA is held together by __________ bonds and can be broken by _______ temps.
Hydrogen...high
A woman dies in her air conditioned home. The ambient temperature is 74.6 F. You take her body temperatures: Skin: 70.6 F; Liver: 74.6 F; Scalp: 68.6 F; Underarm: 71.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 71.6 F. Her normal body temperature was 98.6 and she was not running a fever at death. Approximately how long has she been dead?
I cannot tell from this situation
"If you were to ask Brent Munyon, what is always an appropriate answer at a crime scene?
I don't know
Monoclonal
Identical antibodies produced by injecting a specific antigen into an animal then removing and isolating the antibody of interest. A specific antibody of interest that reacts w/ a single epitope
Which of the following is a function of the Chemistry Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?
Identification of toxins or poisons
False negatives
If blood is contaminated w/ strong reducing agent such as ascorbic acid. Blood can lose its solubility in very old stains or in stains that have been subjected to environmental insults
Antibody
Immunoglobulin (protein) capable of binding to antigens. Utilized by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects
You are examining tire marks in mud at a crime scene. Which type of evidence is this?
Impression evidence
The Phadebas reagent test can be performed in which two ways?
In a tube or on paper
You can most commonly find Blatella germanicaÉ
In kitchens and bathrooms
Evidence with blood on it must be packaged:
In paper bags
THC receptors are not found in
In the Brainstem
Where are red blood cells formed?
In the bone marrow
THC receptors are NOT found:
In the brain stem
Secondary dentin is most noticeable:
In the pulp cavity
Antigen-antibody binding
Includes hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and noncovalent bond formation. Binding process occurs rapidly and is reversible
What is the term for the impression from the writing instrument captured on the second sheet of paper below the one that contains the original writing?
Indented writing Second page writing
What type of infestation would you suspect in your home if you found larvae hanging from the ceiling and thread-like contaminants in your food?
Indian meal moth
A narrow V pattern
Indicates a fast burning fire
Bacteria break down amino acids into:
Indol
What compound of fecal mater give it its characteristic smell
Indol Skatole Methyl Mercaptan
Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?
Infrared Spectroscopy
Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?
Infrared spectroscopy
Which of theses is considered a confirmatory test for drugs
Infrared spectroscopy
Tetrahydrocannibinol:
Inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase
Which is NOT a usual site for defensive wounds?
Inner thigh
Most common powders are what
Inorganic
Most common powders are what?
Inorganic
The McNaughten Rule is used to determine what for a defendant?
Insanity
Typical post-coital interval (PCI)
Intact sperm in vagina <24 hrs Sperm heads in vagina 2-3 days Sperm heads in cervix 4-6 days P30 in vagina- <24 hrs AP in vagina 24-48 hrs
What is the definition of forensic entomology?
Interaction between arthropod science and the judicial system
What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?
Interior ballistics
Who solves crimes?
Investigators
Which is a characteristic of serious, major wildlife crime offenders?
Involves major professional crime groups and involved in specific markets
Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in people with shellfish allergies?
Iodine
Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in ppl wiht shellfish allergies
Iodine
Which is the oldest development technique?
Iodine
Direct evidence:
Is evidence that establishes a fact without the need for further inference
Carbon monoxide (CO):
Is one of the superheated gases produced by fire
According to your reading, glass with a high boron content:
Is resistant to thermal shock
Individualizing AMY1 and AMY2
Isoenzymes will separate with polyacrylamide or agar gel electrophoresis. AMY1 has 7 phenotypes and AMY2 has 3 phenotypes
What does 1:10 inches mean?
It indicates one turn of a bullet every 10 inches within a barrel
Why is one individual at the crime scene designated as the evidence collector?
It insures that evidence is collected, marked, sealed and preserved in a consistent manner
Why is cyanide dangerous
It interrupts the electron transport cascade
Why is cyanide dangerous?
It interrupts the electron transport cascade
What is true about handwriting?
It is a learned process
Why don't we use the benzidine test any longer?
It is carcinogenic
ALS Cons
It is possible to miss stains (not all stains will fluoresce), extended exposure to short wave UV light may be detrimental to DNA testing, ALS is only screening test. False positives include detergents, bleach, saliva, urine, hand lotions, cosmetics and many more
Why does glass break in a variety of fracture patterns?
It's an amorphous material
People v Jennings is significant for fingerprints because:
It's the first official case to integrate fingerprints as evidence in America
What is true about handwriting?
Its a learned process
What happens if you don't photograph evidence at the scene?
Its inadmissible in court
What is a major problem with hair or fiber evidence?
Its not usually unique unless there's DNA
How a gas defuses in air depends on what?
Its vapor density relative to air
Which legal case sets a precedent for the defendant to be committed to a civil hospital?
Jackson v. Indiana
Which country was the last to sign the Migratory Bird Act?
Japan
A region or geographical area over which law enforcement or a legal entity can excise authority is known as:
Jurisdiction
Who is the trier of fact?
Jury
Phenolphthalin
Kastle-Meyer test. Alkaline conditions. Potassium hydroxide.
"According to killer profilers, a disorganized killer: "
Keeps nighttime hours
The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:
Key Pins
The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:
Key pins
Court cases define the term "scientific" as:
Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method
Hans Gross started which journal?
Kriminologie
Which of the following statements are false?
LC-MS cannot be used with 80% of organic chemicals
Which of these is LEAST likely to be purposely self-inflicted?
Laceration
According to a 2009 report, which of these is a major challenge to the forensic sciences?
Lack of rigorous research into the sciences
What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?
Larval Diptera
What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?
Larval diptera
Titer
Last dilution showing a reaction (agglutination or precipitation)
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"
Lateral incisor
How does a pellet masse spread when fired by a shotgun?
Laterally
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Lead Poisoning
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Lead poisoning
Distinguishing AMY1 and AMY2
Lectins used to preferentially inhibit one or the other. Monoclonal antibodies used to react w/ 1 type or the other (ELISA).
"For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."
Legal
For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."
Legal
What is manner of death?
Legal classification of death
Which of these are the richest source of DNA?
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are riches source of DNA
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are the richest source of DNA?
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are the richest sources of DNA
Leukocytes
Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood
Leukocytes
Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood?
Leukocytes
Who developed the ""Hacker's Code of Ethics?
Levy
If a forger attempts to make the letters and connecting strokes correct and pays less attention to speed of the signature what characteristic will suffer?
Line Quality
Trace evidence is primarily used to:
Link individuals, objects, and scenes together
What type of extraction takes advantage of solubility characteristics and involves dissolving the sample in an aqueous solution then washing with an organic solvent?
Liquid/liquid extraction
Biological fluids are
Liquids excreted from living organisms
Where are drugs primarily metabolized?
Liver
Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?
Liver
Trace evidence is the basis of:
Locard's principle
Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important
Locus 1
Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important?
Locus 1
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"
Alopecia and hyperpigmentation is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Long term arsenic poisoning
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 60% of prints?
Loop
Cast off is classified as
Low or medium velocity spatter
Cast off is classified as:
Low or medium velocity spatter
Cast off is classified as:
Low or medium veloicty
Vomitus
Low pH from stomach acid in stain. Distinctive odor due to butyric acid. Amylase by increase saliva production. Pepsin (digestive enzyme)
Passive Blood drops are considered:
Low velocity
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. You characterize this pattern as:
Low velocity
Which of these is the most sensitive when looking for blood
Luminol
Tetrahydrocannibinol is found in:
Marijuana
The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:
Marijuana
The most widely used drug in the U.S. is:
Marijuana
The most widely used drugs in the US is
Marijuana
You find Cannabis stavia at a scene. What did you find?
Marijuana
What is the point at which the glass is no longer visible reffered to as?
Match point
What is char?
Material composed of carbon that has been burned
Optimal Ag-Ab ratio
Max. cross-linking, precipitation occurs
What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?
Measurements of Skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies
What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?
Measurements of skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies
What is the cause of death?
Medical diagnosis denoting disease or injury
A microscopic crime scene on a body is most likely to be searched by:
Medical examiner
Who was the coroner replaced by in 1977 in Massachusetts?
Medical examiner
"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "
Medium velocity
According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter?
Medium velocity
The row of cells resembling a canal that runs along the center of the hair shaft is called:
Medulla
A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Mercury
A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Mercury
Lophophora williamsii produces
Mescaline
Peyote is also known as
Mescaline
Peyote is also known as:
Mescaline
What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?
Mescaline
What is added to glass to make it sparkle more?
Metal oxcides
Bacteria break down amino acids into (3)
Methyl mercaptan, indol, skatole
The application of a microscope and microscopial techniques to the observation, collection and analysis of micro-evidence is called:
Microanalysis
Which is not an example of presumptive test?
Microcrystal Test
Which is not an example of presumptive test?
Microcrystal test
Bone from non-bone
Microscopic analysis: bone has fairly compact surface, some graininess. SEM and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)- elemental analysis of specimen, calcium to phosphorous ratio, useful when sample is extremely small, fragmented or damaged.
Which of these is a nondestructive approach to comparing ink lines?
Microsphectrophotometer
What are amplicons?
Millions of Identical Copies of the original or target DNA
What are amplicons?
Millions of identical copies of the original or target DNA
What is the term for the features of friction ridge patterns?
Minutiae
Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:
Missionaries
What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?
Moisture
What is always better when documenting blood stain evidence?
More
Heroin is a derivative of:
Morphin
Heroin is a derivative of
Morphine
Heroin is a derivative of:
Morphine
Heroine is a derivative of
Morphine
Comparisons among test reagents
Most sensitive: Luminol, benzidine, o-too, TMB Most specific: LMG, KM Most hazardous: benzidine and derivatives
Immunoelectrophoresis
Movement of electrically charged substance under the influence of an electric field.
Those that kill or hurt others in order to be admired for curing them or get sympathy are diagnosed as:
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Disadvantages of luminol
Must be used in complete darkness, rxn is temporary, photography expertise required, can dilute weak/small stains, decreasing the chances of obtaining a DNA profile. Many false positives including detergents and bleach
The infestation of living human or other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is termed what?
Myiasis
What is fly strike?
Myiasis
You are trying to analyze some striations on a bullet. Which forensic database should you use?
NIBIN
Where do flies lay their eggs on a newly dead body?
Natural body openings and wounds
A guy dies of heart attack. No foreign substances were found in his blood stream. What is the manner of death?
Natural causes
Under which of these circumstances does a body NOT have to undergo an autopsy?
Natural death while under a doctor's care
The initial color of a bruise is a product of:
Natural skin and blood pigments
In the collision model, the dynamic impact model uses numeral integration of
Newtons second law
Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotene
Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotine
which of these drugs is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotine
Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Nitric Acid
Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Nitric acid
What energetic compound is produced by the nitration of wood pulp or cotton lint?
Nitrocellulose
What is one of the first and most famous explosives?
Nitroglycerine
After reading the professors statement to the police, do you believe it is an accurate portrayal of how the events occurred?
No
The theory behind forensic odontology is:
No two mouths are alike
Which was NOT a hurdle when dealig with wildlife evidence in the court of law?
Nobody cared
Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with powder development techniques?
Non-porous
Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with power development techniques?
Non-porous
"Free base" and "crack" cocaine differ in what manner?
None of the above
What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)? SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. It is found in human semen at uniquely high levels SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. SAP activity is the best test for the presumptive identification of semen
None of the above
What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?
Normal hand forgeries
What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?
Nucleases
How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?
Number of slits in the spiracle
Criminal Profiler
Nurse that attempts to provide law enforcement officials with specific information about the type of individual who may have committed a certain crime.
Correctional nursing
Nurse that provide care for many patients with serious mental illness who are caught in a cycle of homelessness, psychiatric hospitals, and Jail.
Hostage negotiator
Nurse will be: Being on call around the clock to assist law enforcement officers on the scene. Providing suggestions regarding negotiation techniques. Assessing the mental status of the perpetrator. Providing a link to mental health agencies. Participating in a critique of the hostage incident. Assessing released hostages. Assessing the stress level of the hostage negotiator. Providing training in communication skills to law enforcement officers.
Which of these would be considered a synthetic fiber?
Nylon
Most common blood type
O+
Which of these is the most common blood type?
O+
How is total magnification computed?
Objective multiplied by the eyepiece
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation
The steps in copying DNA are
Obtain a sequence of double-stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements
How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?
Odors
Arterial Spurts are typically found:
On walls and Ceilings
Arterial spurts are typcially found:
On walls and ceilings
Monovalent
One active site
Vaginal AP
Only diff btwn VAP and SAP is their electrophoretic mobility
Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Opium
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is
Oral
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is:
Oral
Which of these chemicals is commonly used in agriculture?
Organophosphates
The skeleton is formed by the development and growth of what
Ossification centers
The physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones is:
Osteobiography
In 2009, what was the most contacted item in collisions with a vehicle?
Other vehicles
How many tropical fish are legally traded per year?
Over 5 million
Which of these describes a confirmatory test?
P30 in the sample to react with antibodies
According to the lecture, __________ was the test used to help convict the criminal.
PCR
You are trying to analyze some car paint from a hit and run. Which forensic database should you use?
PDQ
What is an example of a porous substrate
Paper
What is an example of a porous substrate?
Paper
The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?
Paper micrometer
Attempted suicide that doesnt cause death: cry for help is called
Para suicide
Who is known as the father of modern toxicology
Paracelsus
Who originated the concept 'the dose makes the poison'
Paracelsus
"The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:"
Paraphilias
Attempted suicide that doesn't cause death; cry for help is called
Parasuicide
Accidental head injuries tend to involve:
Parietal bone, occiput or forehead
Salivary glands
Parotid- near the ears Submandibular and sublingual glands- under the tongue
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood
Passive
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood?"
Passive
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patters, saturation stains and stains from dripping blood?
Passive
Immunodiffusion
Passive movements of Ab and Ag.
Who is a physician that specializes in pathology and the diagnosis of disease and sub specializes in the area between law and medicine?
Pathologist
Who were the first questioned document examiners?
Penmen
Which of these is NOT considered a biological fluid in humans?
Pericardium
"Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?
Periplaneta Americana
Enhancement of blood prints based on
Peroxidase Reaction
What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?
Peroxidase reaction
Irresistible impulse
Perpetrator is aware the act was wrong, but could not control the behavior.
Psychopathy entails:
Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm
Fact Witness
Person who testifies regarding what was personally seen or heard, performed, or documented regarding a patient's care and testifies first hand experience only.
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists
Personality
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "
Personality
Reasons for Exam
Persons who are sexually assaulted have the right to a medical exam whether or not they intend to report to law enforcement - Injuries unnoticed by victim a. Esp. seen in choking cases - Crisis intervention, referral for supportive services (PTSD) - Risk of pregnancy, STI - Exam paid for by state - Confidential a. Paperwork does not go into regular medical record b. Record is locked up if paper records are used c. Law enforcement has to get permission to get the records
You would like a drug removed from the controlled substances list. What do you do?
Petition the DEA
Liquid accelerants fall into the two categories of
Petroleum distillates and non-petroleum products
Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Phenol
Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phenol
How does the brentamine fast blue test work
Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change
How does the brentamine fast blue test work?
Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change
What part of the nucleotide makes up the backbone of the helix?
Phosphoric acid group
A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorous
Hemorragic spots undr the skin or mucus membranes are indivative of which of these
Phosphorous
Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorous
A charred liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorus
A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorus
What is trauma?
Physical injury
What kind of change does a drug cause once ingested?
Physiological
A poisonous substance produced by plants is
Phytotoxin
A tiger Penis is used for:
Pills for Strength
Carbon monoxide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Pink-cherry red
Cyanide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Pink-cherry red
We saw two types of arches on prints in class. What were they?
Plain and tented/spiked
Beta-amylase
Plants- breaks starch into sugar in ripening fruit. Yeast mold and bacteria
Which of these makes up most of whole blood
Plasma
Which of these makes up most of whole blood?
Plasma
V patterns:
Point directly to a point of origin for that pattern
The current model of forensic nursing evolved from:
Police medical officers in the United Kingdom and other countries
What type of patient would a correctional nurse typically see?
Police officers
What component of soil can be a strong indicator of a location?
Pollen
PCR Stands for
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Which is not an example of an opiate?
Poppy seed
What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?
Porous
Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?
Postmolar
What chemical gained some notoriety as a means of administering the death penalty in California?
Potassium Cyanide
Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:
Power seekers
When fantasies are used to organize a collection of deviant thinking into a criminal thought, it is known as what?
Premeditation
Legal insanity
Presence of a major mental disorder.
Tests for detecting saliva
Presumptive: starch gel, Phadebas Confirmatory: RSID, RNA based
What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?
Primer cap
Which of the following is the definition of 'patent' in a fingerprint context?
Prints which are visible at the scene and made in a foreign substance
3 gel forming proteins in semen
Produced by the seminal vesicle: fibronectin, semenogelin I, and semenogelin II
Picking a victim based on his/her characteristics is known as what?
Profiling
The Rorschach test is a type of:
Projective test
Tests that are based on the notion that if an individual is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to respond to it, his or her responses will reveal aspects of his/her personality.
Projective tests
P30 is specific to which organ?
Prostate Gland
P30 is specific to which organ?
Prostate gland
Sg I/ Sg II
Prostate tissue, penile tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney, colon, trachea, lung tumor
AP
Prostate tissue, vaginal secretion
PSA
Prostatic fluid, male serum, male/female urine, breast milk, breast tumors
What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?
Provide hardness
What does protein collagen do for bone?
Provides Flexibility
What does protein collagen do for bone?
Provides flexibility
What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?
Provides hardness
Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce?
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?
Psilocybe sp
Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?
Psilocybe sp.
Which section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences does not have relevance for wildlife forensics?
Psychiatry and behavioral sciences
An offender's signature speaks to:
Psychological needs and motivation
An organized crime scene is said to be associated with:
Psychopathy
Prior to what do most anthropologists not attempt to assign sex?
Puberty
What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?
Pubic Symphysis
What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?
Pubic symphysis
Nurse coroner/ Death investigator
Public offical charged with duty of determining how and why people die. Assessing the deceased through: Understanding the evidence. Discovery of evidence. Preservation of evidence. Use of evidence.
What type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?
Qualitative
what type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?
Qualitative
An osteobiography does NOT focus on:
Quantifying organ toxicology
ALS Pros
Quick and non-destructive, no contact btwn the light and item/sample being examined
Erythrocytes are known as
RBC's
Ouchertony
Radial double diffusion through agar gel. Antiserum in center well. Sample extracts/controls in surrounding wells. . Diffusion of Ab and Ag thru gel. Immunoprecipitate lines where Ab-Ag complex formed. Can be stained w/ coomassie blue for better visualization of precipitin band.
All but which one of these is a reason due to a decreased death rate in vehicular accidents?
Raise the legal driving age
What form of spectroscopy measures the shifts in energy when light is scattered by the electron cloud of a molecule?
Raman spectroscopy
Which of these would be considered a regenerated fiber?
Rayon
According to your reading, what is the final step in the forensic examination process?
Reconstruction of a crime scene
Where should you take body temperature for algor mortis calculations?
Rectum, liver, or brain
Erythrocytes are also known as:
Red blood cells
__________ _________ _________ carry oxygen and is most abundant cell in the blood system
Red blood cells
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
Red?Reddish Brown?Black
Phenolphthalin
Reduced form of phenolphthalein. Colorless in alkaline solution. Stored over zinc granules. Turns bright pink. Phenolphthalein will return to colorless state in acid
A stimulant has all the following characteristics except
Reduced muscle activity
"What is ""insanity"" as it relates to the court of law?"
Relates to the defendant's mental state at the time the offense occurs
What kind of environment does super glue fuming require?
Relatively humid
Disadvantages of fluorescein
Requires ALS set to 450 nm to visualize stains. Similar disadvantages to luminol
The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as
Retention time
What type of gun holds cartridges in a firing chamber in a rotating cylinder?
Revolver
What is the term for hills found in the patter of friction ridge skin
Ridges
What is the term for the "hills" found in the pattern of friction ridge skin
Ridges
The nurse is caring for a male patient who has been arrested. Which is most common form of comorbid substance abuse for men should the nurse anticipate?
Risk for drug dependence.
Which FBI agent popularized the expression ""serial killer?"""
Robert Ressler
What causes entrance wounds in flesh to be round and/or elliptical?
Rotation from riffling
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's Principle
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's principle
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's purple
Showing many graphic and disturbing images during a court case would be in violation of:
Rule 403
Admissibility or inadmissibility of trial information is determined by the application of what?
Rule of evidence
"Which of these is considered the ""reconstructionist's best friend"" by our guest speaker? "
S=√30df
The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of
SAP
The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of:
SAP
You are trying match a shoeprint from a scene. Which forensic database should you use?
SICAR
What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms
STRs, SNPs, VNTRs
What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms
STRs, SNPs, VNTRs"
What is the first universal rule of processing a crime scene?
Safety First
SALIgAE
Saliva reacts w/ colorless test solution to produce strong yellow color change in 1-10 min. Stain extracted in water or saline.
Bath salts are considered a ___________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Heroin is a _________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Marijuana is a ____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered _____ controlled substances
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Which of these holds the highest penalty?
Schedule I Drugs
Which of these holds the highest penalty?
Schedule I drugs
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance
Schedule II
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
Cocaine is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
PCP is considered a ________________________ controlled substance
Schedule II
Codeine cough syrup is consisered a ______________ controlled substance
Schedule IV
Ephedrine is considered a ______ controlled substance
Schedule IV
Ephedrine is considered a _____________ controlled substance
Schedule IV
You want to test an unknown substance for cocaine Which of these is the best choice
Scott test
You are working the scene of a body dump in which the victim was killed elsewhere. How do you classify the dump site?
Secondary crime scene
What is autolysis?
Self dissolution by body enzymes
The Brentamine fast blue test is a presumptive test for:
Semen
LSD is considerred
Semi-Synthetic drugs
SAP
Seminal Acid Phosphatase
Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?
Seminal fluid
Stability of SAP
Seminal stains can exhibit AP activity for years if stored in a cool dry place. Wet or dry seminal stains reported to maintain 100% of their AP activity after 1 year if stored at -20C. Dry seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 6 months if stored at 37C. Wet seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 2-3 months if stored at 37C.
Advantages of luminol
Sensitive, can help locate stains, can be sprayed over large areas, does not stain background of the substrate. Can detect very old stains that have been cleaned or painted over. Not detrimental to subsequent DNA testing. Rxn can sometimes be reproduced several times.
Which laws mandate the evaluation and treatment of sex offenders?
Sexual Psychopath Laws
What is the term defined as the difference in size and shape of the sexes?
Sexual dimorphism
A knife wound is:
Sharp force trauma
What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?
Shot
Which is a natural fiber?
Silk
What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?
Silver
What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?
Silver Ag
Ring Precipitin Test
Simple diffusion btwn 2 liquids in contact w/ 1 another (double diffusion). Dissolved Ag (top) and Ag (bottom) diffuse into opposite layer. Line of precipitate forms at interface
How long has forensic odontology been used?
Since 66 AD
Who was the scientist that helped arrest the right criminal during the Narborough investigation?
Sir Alec Jeffreys
Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?
Sir Francis Galton
Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?"
Sir Francis Galton
Who published the first scientific book on fingerprints, titled 'Finger Prints'?
Sir Francis Galton
Wrote the first scientific on fingerprints
Sir Francis Galton
Which of the following is true regarding women's health in correctional facilities? A. Six percent of the prison population are women, and the numbers are rapidly increasing. B. Women's health in prison is the most highly researched. C. Women who are incarcerated rarely have life-threatening health problems like the men. D. Incarcerated women are generally more violent and dangerous that male prisoners
Six percent of the prison population are women, and the numbers are rapidly increasing.
Bacteria break down amino acids into
Skatole
What are the main research objects in accident reconstruction, according to your reading?
Skid marks
What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?
Skid marks
An example of irreversible work during an automobile accident is which of the following?
Skidding
Which cells contain nuclear DNA?
Skin cells
Doesnt effect prints
Skin color
Which of these are NOT factors that could affect the appearance of fingerprints?
Skin color
What skeletal feature do many methods use for forensic ancestry?
Skull
What skeletal features do many methods use for forensic ancestry?
Skull
When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?
Skull and Femur
When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?
Skull and femur
Disadvantages of x-mas tree stain
Slides older than 5 years have exhibited some bleaching of sperm heads. Other cellular material such as bacteria, yeast, and blood cells will stain red.
Which development technique is used on currently or previously wet substrates?
Small particle reagent
Periplaneta Fuliginosa is commonly known as:
Smokybrown Cockroach
Periplaneta fuliginosa is commonly known as:
Smokybrown cockroach
What type of bore are shotguns?
Smooth bore
Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create:
Smooth circular blood drops
Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create: "
Smooth circular blood drops
Which of these meals is likely to pass through the stomach quickest?
Smoothie
Normality is based on:
Social Consensus
Normality is based on
Social consensus
Normality is based on:
Social consensus
Which of these is the most prevalent type of glass?
Soda lime glass
What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color
Sodium rhodizonate
What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color?
Sodium rhodizonate
Most heroin comes from:
Southeast Asia
Most heroin comes from:
Southeast asia
A Technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
Southern Blotting
A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
Southern Blotting
You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?
Spencearian
You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?
Spencerian
The Christmas Tree stain is used to identify which cells?
Sperm Cells
The principal component of semen is
Spermatozoa
"When dropping through the air, blood is: "
Spherical
When dropping through the air, blood is:
Spherical
The killing of three or more victims in different locations but within the context of the one event is referred to as:
Spree murder
Post-coital interval can be affected by
Stage in menstrual cycle, washing/urinating/eating, movement, collection technique- washings, swabs, smears, liquid saliva, death-temperature, humidity
Periodic acid schiff (PAS)
Stains glycogen cells magenta. May use hematoxylin as a counterstain
Amylase digests:
Starch
Oldest test for saliva
Starch-Iodine test
The oldest test for saliva we discussed in class was:
Starch-iodine test
Which microscope is generally employed first in the examination of trace evidence?
Stereo binocular microscope
You are caught with steralized hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?
Sterilized hemp seeds are not controlled substances
What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?
Sticky side powder
What term is used to descibe the pattern of unburned powder that penetrates the skin?
Stippling
Of the listed organs, where would you expect autolysis to first become apparent?
Stomach
What is/are the main objectives of CODIS
Store DNA data from convited felons or suspects for future investigations -To helo solve cold cases that did not have the scientific technology to solve crimes
Early rigor is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Strychnine
Which of these chemicals is commonly used in mammalian pest control?
Strychnine
Serology
Study of blood and its constituents
What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?
Subjective
What is the term for the phenomenon of a solid passing to vapor phase without becoming a liquid?
Subliming
__________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings
Supella longipalpa
___________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings"
Supella longipalpa
Cyanoacrylate esters are commonly known as __________________
Superglue.
The Daubert case was decided by...
Supreme court
Defined as the force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid toward its interior, decreasing the surface area and causing the liquid to resist penetration?"
Surface Tension
Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?
Swagging
Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?
Swaging
THG
Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein. Most abundant urinary protein. Can be detected using electrophoresis or other immunoassays.
What is the term defined as the immediate environment and surroundings where the body is found?
Taphonomic context
Which of these is the best source of DNA in a decomposed body?
Teeth
What is one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
Temperature
What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
Temperature
Immunological test
Test for human hemoglobin or glycophorin A
What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?
Test method
The nurse is caring for a female patient who has been arrested. Which is most common form of comorbid substance abuse for women should the nurse anticipate?
Testing positive for alcohol.
Which antibiotic becomes incorporated in the mineralization of teeth and bone?
Tetracycline
at is the major active agent in Marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC
The model penal code was written by:
The American Law Institute
Who determines which new substances are added or removed to the controlled substances list?
The DEA and the FDA
Which ruling led to criteria referred to as general acceptance?
The Frye decision
An assumption of profiling is:
The M.O. remains similar
Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?
The Palmer method
Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the United States?
The Starling Trade Convention
Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the united states?
The Starling Trade Convention
Which portion accounts for 90% of the total length of a healthy sperm cell?
The Tail
The Durham rule states:
The accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful conduct was the product of a mental disease or defect
Reduction
The addition of electrons to a substance. Strong reducing agents include sodium and potassium
Forensic nursing
The application of nursing science to public or legal proceeding the application of forensic aspects of health. Provide direct services to crime victims and perpetrators of crime. Consultation services to colleagues in nursing, medical, and law related agencies. Expert Court testimony in cases of trauma and/ or questionable death. Adequacy of service delivery. Specialized diagnoses of specific conditions as related to nursing.
The definition of entomology is:
The branch of zoology dealing with insects
"When dealing with accident reconstruction, our guest speaker called the ""stickiness of the road"": "
The coefficient of friction
According to your reading, impact can be divided into two phases. What are these phases/
The compression phase and the restitution phase
The M.O. tells us what about an offender?
The experience of the offender and situational/contextual factors involved in the crime
How can you tell if the headlights or brake lights were on when a car had an accident?
The filament will unwind if they were on
Who is responsible for first securing and protecting a crime scene?
The first responder
"In forensic profiling, which of these is the primary unit of analysis? "
The individual
What is spoliation?
The intentional or negligent destruction or alteration of evidence
Cellular death is defined as:
The lack of metabolism and respiration in individual cells
How does the biscuit get into food?
The larvae penetrate food packaging
What does the method in which a latent print is developed depend on?
The latent print and the surface (both a and b)
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates:
The manufacture of controlled substances The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
A practical limitation of using minimum offense numbers to define serial killers is:
The number of offenses known by authroities may be less than the number of offenses actually committed by the person
How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?
The number of slits in the spiracle
How can you tell the instar of a calliphoridae?
The number of slits in the spiracle
Consultant
The nurse may be asked to listen to witness testimony for the purpose of guiding further cross examination or to assist in the preparation for trial by giving information about mental illness, including personality disorders and paraphilias. The nurse may be asked to testify about mental health treatment options, medications, and community resources.
The brentamine fast blue test tests for:
The presence of seminal acid phosphatase
The root portion of a hair is called:
The proximal end
Ballistics is:
The science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles
Of these, which is the most common role for a forensic nurse?
The sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE)
What distinguishes an explosion from combustion?
The speed at which the reaction occurs
What is toxicology
The study of the effects of poison
What is toxicology?
The study of the effects of poisons
"You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?
The substance is positive for amylase
Why isn't the Lamendin method used to age living people?
The teeth must be disarticulated from the jaw
What is a thermal death point?
The temperature above or below which an insect will die
What is the flash point?
The temperature at which a liquid forms an ignitable mixture
Admissibility or inadmissibility of information is determined by:
The trial court's application of the rules of evidence
Which of these is the primary concern of the first responder (choose the best answer)?
The victim
A psychological test which shows patients ambiguous drawings of scenes and asks for the patient's intepretation of events is called (as we went over in class):
Thematic apperception test
All of the following are issues with vaginal secretion detection except
There is a specific test to detect vaginal secretion.
The biggest difference between digital crime scenes and physical crime scenes is:
There is never just one digital crime scene
Which of these is an adequate substitute for photgraphy at a scene?
There is no adequate substitute for photography
What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?
They are alive
What is not true of immunoassays
They are incompatible with automation
What is not true of immunoassays?
They are incompatible with automation
What is not true of fuels?
They can be volitized and consumed in the liquid state
Why are red blood cells so useful for presumptive tests?
They contain hemoglobin
What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?
Thin Layer Chromatography
What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?
Thin layer chromatography
You have a bruise that is showing yellow coloration. Based on scientific evidence, what do you know for certain?
This bruise is more than 18 hours old
You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blod
You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blood
you find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blood
Who wrote the identification of the human skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?
Thomas Dwight
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?
Time of day
You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?
Tiny and Pearly white eggs
Material fatigue is most commonly exhibited by what part of a car?
Tires
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
Titanium Dioxide
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
Titanium dioxide
Why was the internet invented?
To allow information in a digital age to withstand a nuclear attack
Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?
To figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from
According to your reading, what is the goal of science, broadly speaking?
To improve our understanding of the natural world
The major goal of working a crime scene is:
To reconstruct the events that generated the collected evidence
Hapten
Too small to elicit antibody production. A hapten conjuated carrier elicits antibody formation instead
A degree day is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulate in 24 hours
A degree day is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 24 hours
A degree hour is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 60 minutes
Which of these statements is true?
Toxicologists work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
Others at Risk
Transgender Population - 24% report to have been sexually assaulted
Veins:
Transport blood back to the heart
Hemoglobin
Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues. Tetrameric molecule
What are the most common blunt force injuries in society caused from?
Transportation collision
What are the marks left on photocopies caused from dirt, scratches, etc left on the surface of the drum, cover, glass plate, or camera lens of a photocopy machine?
Trash marks
What is an example of a semi-porous substrate?
Treated paper
Calcium binds with ___________ during the formation of rigor.
Troponin
Which of the following is NOT part of latent fingerprint development using fingerprint powders?
Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print
Which of the following is not part of latent fingprint development using fingerprint poweder
Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print
Bivalent
Two identical antigen binding site. Allows cross-linking by binding to two different cells simultaneously.
How can you tell expirated blood from other types of blood spatter Saliva or mucus in the blood Air bubbles in the blood
Two of these
How can you tell exported blood from other types of blood spatter?
Two of these
What must be added to a compound microscope in order for it to be converted to a polarized light microscope?
Two of these
Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?
Two of these
Which fracture types can tell us which hole formed first in glass?
Two of these
Which of these has begun to replace SANE programs?
Two of these
What is a toxicant
Type of poison made by humans or introduced into human enviornment by human activity
"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S Secret Service
As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S secret service
"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S. Secret Service
Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case
US v Mitchell
Tiger Bones are used for
Ulcers and Arthritis
Fingerprints were subjected to the Daubert standard in which case?
United States v. Mitchell
Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case?
United States v. Mitchell
What are the three areas of forensic entomology?
Urban, stored products, and medico criminal or medico legal
The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is
Urine
DNA based assay
Use PCR to detect expression of genes exclusive to oral cavity. Specific but can degrade easily
Bluestar
Used as search tool for latent bloodstains. Similar to luminol except does not use sodium perborate.
Takayama test
Uses pyridine and sugar to induce the formation of hemochromogen. Hemochromogen is formed when ferrous iron from hemoglobin reacts with pyridine to produce red to pink feathery crystals of pyridine ferroprotoporphyrin. Not as vulnerable to overheating as Teichmann
Back spatter occurs:
Usually during high velocity spatter events like gunshots
Fluorescein
Utilizes fluorescence to detect and visualize laten blood stains. Prepared similar to phenolphthalein. Reduced in an alkaline solution over zinc to fluorescein. Yellow-green fluorescent light.
Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test? (2)
Vaginal secretions, spermicides
What characteristic of different parts of a molecule does IR spectroscopy analyze when exposed to IR light?
Vibrations
Who is responsible for developing probability models, showing that fingerprints were unique?
Victor Balthazard
Violence as a Public Health Issue (9 Main Points)
Violence = "global health problem", according to the WHO in 2002 a. Total costs >%70 billion/year b. Lost productivity greatest cost - $64.8 billion or 92% c. Medical care r/t violence ~$5.6 billion d. ~50,000 deaths each year e. >2.5 million injuries f. Homicide & suicide are the 2nd & 3rd leading causes of death - Ages 15-34 most vulnerable g. Hospital ERs treat ~55 people for injuries/minute h. Hidden costs: mental & physical health problems, PTSD, anxiety, depression, CVD, diabetes etc. - Correlation between mental & physical health problems
What is defined as the reistance to change or folow
Viscosity
What is defined as the resistance to change of form or flow?
Viscosity
Which of the following is the definition of 'plastic' in a fingerprint context?
Visible reproduction of friction ridge skin in a malleable substrate
The space left in blood spatter when something covered in blood is removed is called
Void
Who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?
Vucetich
who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?
Vucetich
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
WBC's (white blood cells)
What is a chromogene?
What is a chromogene? A substance capable of generating a colored species
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
A cut mark is made when:
When a sharp edge separates an object into two parts
When do drugs become a law enforcment issue
When abused Lead to criminal behavior
An abrasion mark is made when:
When the surface of an object is ground away
Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?
Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?
Leukocytes are also known as:
White Blood Cells
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes are also known as:
White blood cells
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
White blood cells (WBCs)
Who starts the chain of custody?
Whoever collected the evidence
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 35% of prints?
Whorl
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
William J Herschel
Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S?
William Krogman
Who wrote the guide to the identification of human skeletal material?
William Krogman
Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S.?
Wilton Krogman
Advantages of Fluorescein
With addition of thickener, solution will adhere to vertical surfaces better than luminol. Fluorescin reportedly will not react w/ bleach, unlike luminol.
In order to develop PCR what characteristics of an enzyme were needed?
Withstand extreme heat needed to unzip the DNA strands
Forensic psychiatric nurses
Work as competency evaluators. Evaluation of intent or diminished capacity in perpetrator's thinking at time of crime. Provide assessment data that can help make final diagnosis.
What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?
Wound
You find the presence of cocaine in amoeba in a sewer. How would you classify this chemical?
Xenobiotic toxin
What type of testing can unambiguously deterine what a male has contributed in a mixed sample?
Y-STR typing
Urine color
Yellow color due to urochrome pigment. A compound of urobilin or urobilinogen
Which of these writing sytems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?
Zaner-Bloser
Which of these writing systems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?
Zaner-bloser
A poisonous substance produced by animals is:
Zootoxin
Advantages of testing Sg over PSA
[ ] of Sg in seminal fluid higher than PSA. Found outside of semen, not found in urine, milk or sweat where PSA can sometimes be detected.
"A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as: "
a black widow
According to your reading, which of these technical serial murderers isn't usually called a ""serial murderer?"
a contact killer
A killer takes public transportation to the crime scene, uses a weapon found at the scene, and doesn't follow the crime in the news. These are all indications of: "
a disorganized killer
A forest fire started during a lightening storm is categorized as:
a natural act
Legal Interface (4 Points)
a. Evidence collection & documentation b. Maintain evidence chain of custody c. Work with law enforcement/county prosecutor d. Testify - SANE nurses are considered a witness
Sexual Assault Prevention
a. There are a small # of sexual predators who repeatedly offend b. Make yourself less vulnerable - Freshmen are targeted on college campuses - People with mental health problems, mentally unstable people - People who are smaller stature c. Bystandes are important! - Good for primary intervention & secondary prevention of long-term psych issues - believe your friend etc. d. Fastest way to change "rape culture" is to resist rape myths - Start by Believing Campaign --> Believe what the patient tells you
Fingernail impressions tend to make which type of wound?
abbrasion
If the pedestrian was walking at 5.64 feet per second, how long would that take?
about 5 seconds
Benzidine
aka Adlers test. Contains acetic acid and ethanol. Turns dark blue. Known carcinogen
Christmas staining
aka Kernechtrot Picoindiogcarmine Stain (KPIC). Nuclear fast red- stains nuclear material. Head and e-cell nuclei. Picroindigocarmine- sperm tails and cytoplasm of e-cells stain light green or bluish-green.
Which of these can NOT be determined using insects?
algor mortis
For what reasons is estimating time of death important? Humanitarian reasons Legal implications Success of investigation All of the above
all of the above
In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?
all of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function?
all of the above
What is a category of tool marks?
all of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic?
all of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist
all of the above
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
all of these
Which of these is an appropriate evidence container for an arson investigation?
all of these
Which of these would be considered a projectile?
all of these
All of the following are components of saliva except
amino acids
Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting:
amylase
Legal sanity
an individual's ability to distiguish right from wrong with reference to the act charged, capacity to understand the nature and quality of the act charged, and capacity to form the intent to commit the crime.
"A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all halmarks of:"
an organized killer
A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all hallmarks of:
an organized killer
A killer that kills patients for feelings of power and control is known as:
angels of death
Anti-H
anti-H is not produced in the human body, a seed extract called a lectin w/ anti-H properties is used.
Criminals that kill for no reason, show a lack of conscience, ignore social rules and laws, and have a pattern of irresponsible or harmful behavior are diagnosed as:
anti-social personalities
Double immunodiffusion
antibody and antigen are added to diff wells in the diffuse toward each other. Used in Precipitin assays
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis
antibody in gel matrix and antigen in the well moves into the gel through electrophoresis; quantitation possible by measuring height of the rocket-shaped precipitate
Colormetric testing requires
any metal
From the edge of the sidewalk, how far would the pedestrian walk to reach the point she was impacted?
approximately 28 feet
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?
arch
Lethal caretakers:
are usually females
A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):
aspirin
An explosion formed when fresh oxygen is introduced to a smoldering fire is called:
backdraft
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
barbiturates
Antibody profiling
based on the existence of individual specific auto-antibodies (ISAs) which perform a housekeeping function by ridding the body of dead and diseased cells.
Glass with added sodium oxides and borax fledspath has the property of:
being resistant to thermal shock
______ pigments give fecal matter its smell and color
bile
You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
biscuit beetle
A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:
black widow
Calliphoridae are commonly known as:
blow flies or bottle flies
A male serial killer that preys on wives, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:
bluebird
Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
bodily fluids
What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?
both a and b
What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its genitalia to develop?
both male and female
Physical Developer
both water soluble and insoluable
What color do carboxymyoglibin and carboxyhemoglobin appear as?
bright red
How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?
by inflating a bladder under its forehead
What is the term used to describe the diameter of a circle that is tangent with the top of the lands of the rifling?
calliber
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?
cast off
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
cenrtral incisor
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"
central incisor
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
central incisor
Advantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion
cheap, fairly easy, can run multiple samples on same gel, identifies amylase
Luminol
chemiluminescence assay. Heme acts as a catalyst to accelerate the oxidation of 3-aminophthalhydrazide. Light takes several seconds to appear, can last up to 1-2 min and appears white-blue or blue-green. Works better on older stain. Wavelength of light generated is btwn 441nm and 452 nm. Higher wavelengths occurs w/ older blood b/c more oxidation of iron atom has occurred, producing hematin
The United States is currently in an informational war with:
china
Where is nuclear DNA found?
chromosomes
The number of lands and grooves on a bullet is considered:
class evidence
The results of clean combustion are:
co2 and water
A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:
cocaine
The Scott test screens for
cocaine
The Scott test screens for:
cocaine
Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?
completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"
Spongy tissue
comprised of blood vessels and marrow
Forensic nurse examiner
conducts court-ordered evaluations regarding legal sanity or competency to proceed. Responds to specific medicolegal questions as requested by court. Renders an expert opinion in a written report or courtroom testimony.
Advantages of chromatographic cards
confirms presence of blood, no false rxn w/ peroxidases, very sensitive, fairly species pacific, easy to use, quick results, safe
Teichmann test
consists of heating dried blood in presence of glacial acetic acid & a halide (chloride) to form a hematin derivative. Rxn converts hemoglobin to hemin. Formed crystals are rhombic and brown Age of stain does not impact testing
Breast milk
contains low levels of salivary alpha amylase (higher than most other body fluids besides saliva). Exhibits fluorescence at 450 nm w/ orange filter
Those killers that are paid to kill are known as:
contract killers
Seratec
control region contains immobilized polyclnal goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Sample well area contains rabbit antibodies and monoclonal anti-human hemoglobin. Test region contains another anti-human hemoglobin
Which is not a medico legal division of wound classes as we discussed during lecture
contusion
Possible reasons for fluorescence of dried semen stains:
conversion of non protein compounds to compounds that are capable of fluorescing, growth of bacterium, presence of flavins
A murderer that kills to save money, especially those that kill employees is known as:
cost cutter
Nitrites (NO2)
detected by Greiss test. Undetectable after a few wks, so if positive the stain is relatively recent.
Chemical screening of feces
detection of urobilinogen, a bile pigment precursor excreted in feces
Abacus, Seratec
detects PSA
RSID
detects Semenogelin
RSID
detects gylcophorin A. Protein on cell membrane that prevents RBCs from sticking together. No high dose hook effect. No cross rxn w/ ferret, gorilla, chimp, orangutan
RSID saliva
detects human salivary alpha-amylase. Immunochromatographic cards. Use antibodies to detect presence of amylase rather than activity of amylase. Mouse monoclonal antihuman salivary alpha-amylase antibodies present in sample area. Antibody conjugated to colloidal gold. If human saliva present, Ag-Ab complex formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Immobilized antibodies in test area 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex, formin Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich. Colloidal gold accumulates at test area becomes visible as a pink band in the test region. No high dose effect
Anti-human serum
detects primarily human albumin- not component specific to blood. One of the most abundant proteins in human
Controlled substances are:
determined by federal or state laws
Disadvantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion
difficult to use as a locator, not specific to saliva.
SAP strucutre
dimeric glycoprotein. Catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of an ester linked phosphate group from any number of monophosphate substrates, like the ones that naturally occur in semen and those used in colormetric analysis
What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?
double action revolver
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
dry extraction
when did the palmer system begin to be taught
early 20th century
Simple immunoelectrophoresis
electric current used to separate antigens w/in a sample before antibody is added
Cross-over
electricity drives the antigen and antibody toward each other (antigen is negatively charged and will migrate toward the anode)
Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?
electrochemical etching
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "
empathy
Disadvantage of glycogen staining
end of urethral canal in penis also contains glycogenated e-cells. Low [ ] in mouth. Anal/rectal area may contain some glycogenated cells but stains from these area often contain fecal material, which may help distinguish them
What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?
energy produced by the fired cartiridge
What term is defined as the study of insects?
entomology
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
enzyme markers
Menstrual blood
epithelial cells usually present, glycogen, doesn't clot, lactate dehydrogenase (LHD). Endometrial cells from uterus may be identified microscopically
Keratinized
epithelium occurs mainly in the skin, also found in the mouth and nose, providing a tough, impermeable barrier. Keratin is a tough insoluble protein that essentially waterproofs the skin
What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?
exsplosive
The need for specific inanimate objects in sexual gratification is known as
fetishism
The temperature at which liquid will produce vapors that will sustain combustion is known as:
firepoint
The temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture at its surface is known as:
flashpoint
Squamous cells
flat cells w/ an irregular flattened shape
The most expensive pest for pet owners is:
fleas
What are the first insects usually attracted to remains?
flies
Urobilinogen
fluoresce apple green w/ HgCl2, ZnCl2 and UV light
what type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have
fluted
PSA
found in low levels in breast milk, vaginal swabs, female urine, tumors in female breasts, ovaries, kidney, liver colon, esophagus, parotid, thyroid, and lymphoma
Creatinine
found in urine, sweat, serum and saliva. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.
Tandem mass spectrometers are not
futuristic super machines
Which form of fuel actually burns?
gas
What were the scientists responsible for the early discoveries in forensic science considered due to the fact that they worked in many forensic disciplines?
generalists
The misting effect is a pattern associated with
gunshot
Microbial-Vac system
hand-held, non-destructive, wet-vacuum surface sampling device. Provides DNA extraction rates at a much higher rate of recovery than other methods.
Persons following a sexually deviant pathway to offending A. are unable to engage in normal sexual activity with their partners B. have daily sexual fantasies that stimulate arousal for masturbation C. have intense, specifically inappropriate fantasies for at least 6 months D. have a pattern of frequently violating the rights of others
have a pattern of frequently violating the rights of others
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
herschel
A low velocity projectile can still do considerable damage if:
if it has high weight
You see several insects flying zig zag around your living room at night. Where would you look for an infestation ?
in the pantry or in fire
Secondary dentin is most noticeable:
in the pulp cavity
A forest fire caused by someone trying to burn down a forest is known as:
incedndiary
The earliest phase of fire that may last from seconds to hours is known as:
incipient
A wide v pattern:
indicates a slow burning fire
Primary Rxn
initial binding of a single antigen and antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex
Phadebas paper
insoluble blue dye attached to starch polymer. Upon hydrolysis by amylase, blue dye released. Active ingredient of the Phadebas tablets are starch polymer chains that are interlinked to form spheres of uniform and pre-defined size- called bio-degradable starch microspheres (DSMs). DSMs are insoluble in water. Presence of amylase, DSMs are degraded by enzyme, at a speed increasing with the solution's amylase activity
The larvae stage between molts is known as:
instar
The larval stage between molts is known as:
instar
Agglutination
interactions of Ab and Ag on the surface of cells/carriers will cause the cells to aggregate and form larger complexes. Each antibody binds to multiple antigens. A visible clumping is observed. Antibodies that induce agglutination are called agglutinins
What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?
interior ballistics
Thiocyanate
ion that is detected by adding ferric chloride. ~2.5x higher in smokers. [ ] decreases with time. Found in other body fluids in lower [ ]. May be present in undetectable amounts or may have degraded w/ time, so a negative result does not exclude saliva
A secondary crime scene:
is any crime scene that came after the original criminal activity
Epitope
is the molecular structure of an immunogen that is recognized by an antibody
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"
isn't one of the teeth
How can you decontaminate digital evidence once it's been contaminated?
it cant
How does air resistance affect projectiles?
it will slow the projectile
According to killer profilers, an organized killer: "
keeps daytime hours
Azoospermia
lack of sperm in semen
Laser Capture Microdissection
laser cuts around the sample and it is transferred directly into a tube for analysis. Advantage is you can select only the cells of interest for analysis. Disadvantages: expensive instrument, requires special software, slides, adhesive film, tubes
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"
lateral incisor
Epithelium
lines the outside of the body (skin), the interior cavities and the vessels in the body. Outermost layer of skin is composed of dead stratified squamous epithelial cells, as are the mucous membranes lining the inside of mouths and body cavities
Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?
liver
Forensic science should:
ll of these
What is a female fly's only maternal concern?
locate most optimum location
Oligospermia
low sperm count of 20 mil sperm per ml or less
Hard bone
made up of crystalline mineral salts, calcium, collagen and various growth factors
Functions of salivary amylase
maintain oral health, lubricate passage of food, break down carbohydrates
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
marijuana
The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:
marijuana
According to your reading, before 1980 serial killers were grouped with all other murderers with more than one victim and termed:
mass murders
Avidity
measure of overall strength of antigen-antibody binding
Affinity
measure of the interaction btwn a single antigen epitope and a single antibody binding site
"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "
medium velocity
Adult Calliphoridae are usually:
metallic in color
Adult Calliphoridae are usually:
metallic in coloring
Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:
missionaries
What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?
moisture
Which is not an indicator of a liquids volatility?
molecular weight
Immunochromatographic assay
monoclonal dye-labeled antibody present in test strip sample well. If corresponding antigen is present in sample extract, an Ag-Ab complex is formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Test area has immobilized polyclonal antibodies that 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich formed. Dye becomes visible as a colored band in the test region.
Stratified
more than 1 layer of cells
Who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from
mother
Sperm Hy-liter disadvantages
multiple stain/incubation/wash steps, prep time: 1.5-2 hrs. Much more costly than other staining methods. Fluorescence microscope required.
Many serial sexual offenders display particular aspects of:
narcissism
Cocaine is considered:
naturally occurring drug
The deepest char is found:
near the area of origin
First instar larvae will feed
near the egg mass
The most ceiling damage is found
near the point of origin
Which was NOT a hurdle when dealing with wildlife evidence in the court of law?
nobody cared
When do bed bugs feed?
nocturnally
Disadvantages of chromatographic cards
not absolutely species specific, high dose effect w/ some brands, more expensive relative to screening tests or gels. Cannot determine species origin.
Uritrace (Abacus)
not antibody based. Color change greater than the negative (substrate) control indicates presence of creatinine. Limited sensitivity/specificity info available.
What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?
nuleauses
The steps in copying DNA are
obtain a sequence of double stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements
Precipitation
occurs due to extensive cross-linking btwn soluble antigens and corresponding antibodies
Feces
odor mainly due to breakdown of amino acids into skittle, indole and methyl-mercaptan by bacteria. Brown color due to stercobilin (urobilin), a breakdown product of hemoglobin
How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?
odors
Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
opium
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is
oral
You get a call from your friend. She recently went down into her basement, and was upset to see several glossy brown to black roaches, approximately 1 _ inches long. When she turned on the light, they ran away (they were rather sluggish) but didnÕt fly. She says she is used to seeing them out doors during the spring and summer, and commonly sees them near her lawn and compost pile. Now that itÕs winter, she is seeing them in her basement. She has only seen a few, however, and they are not in her upstairs bathroom. What type of roach do you think she has?
oriental cockroach
Periosteum bone
outside of the bone containing blood, lymph and nerve vessels
Bilirubin
oxidized to pink-red color w/ HgCl2
What is an example of a porous substrate
paper
The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?
paper micrometer
The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:
paraphilias
Who were the first questioned document examiners?
penman
Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?
periplaneta americana
What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?
peroxidase reaction
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "
personality
The color portion of paint is called:
pigments
Which is NOT an example of an opiate?
poppy seed
What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?
porous
What type of identification are class characteristics are consistent and individual characteristics match?
positive
Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?
postmolar
Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:
power seekers
What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?
primer cap
What is the single direction in which light vibrating is absorbed referred to as?
privileged direction
Agglutination
process in which particulate antigens are linked together by their corresponding bivalent or multivalent antibodies
Production of SAP
produce in the epithelial cells located in the ducts inside the prostate gland. AP is excreted into the seminal plasma when the prostate glands contracts during ejaculation. Controlled by sex hormones
alpha-amylase
produced by humans and some animals that have a diet of complex carbohydrate. Responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of starch, amylose and amylopectin into smaller less complex sugars
Saliva
produced in mucous cells and serious cells
The Rorschach test is a type of:
projective test
What does "corpus delicti" mean?
proof that a crime was commited
Erythrocytes are also known as:
red blood cells
Which is not a common form of heat transfer?
reduction
Forensic Nurse Generalist
requires a masters degree.
The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as
retention time
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.
schedule 1
PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
schedule 2
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.
schedule II
What is the area where material from the grave and surrounding area is sifted through to reveal human remains, artifacts, fibers, and associated insect?
screening area
Advantages of antibody profiling
screening test for DNA submission, bloodstain pattern analysis tool, remains identification, expanded criminal prosecution for cases that arent 'important enough' for DNA.
Autopsy' literally means:
see for yourself
Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?
seminal fluid
Rosalind Franklin was one of the scientists who helped explain the official structure of DNA, but did not receive the Nobel Prize. Why is that?
she died before the award was given out
What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?
shot
How long has forensic odontology been used?
since 66 A.D
According to your reading, ______ ________ are the main research objects in accident reconstruction
skid marks
What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?
skid marks
Which cells contain nuclear DNA?
skin cells
Natural oxidation
slow oxidation that occurs in the air
Law enforcement considers what the greatest gift ever?
smartphones
Cellular micro-manipulation
smear slides are coated w/ a thin layer of water-soluble adhesive. A fine tip tungsten needle is used to pick up cells of interest
A fire that has been deprived of oxygen is:
smoldering
What type of bore are shotguns?
smooth bore
Of these, which is the ""lowest tech"" bullet? "
soft lead
Precipitation
soluble antigens bind w/ antibodies, and the individual Ag-Ab complexes form cross-linked complexes at optimal concentrations. Cross-linked complex is insoluble and precipitates out of the solution. Antibodies that induce precipitation are called precipitins.
The liquid portion of paint is called:
solvent
A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
southern blotting
What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?
sticky side powder
What type of gunshot residue deposition is caused from large propellant particles that travel further than finer particles?
stippling
What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?
subjective
What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
temperature
According to your reading, forensic nursing has its roots in:
the 18th century
Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?
the Palmer Method
The period of growth of a hair is called
the anagen stage
The older a pupae is:
the darker it gets
"According to your reading, what concept needs to be included in the definition to truly define a serial killer?"
the psychological propensity to re-offend
What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?
they are alive
What can malformed light bulbs tell us at the scene?
they point toward a heat source
Which of these has the LEAST amount of pain?
third degree burns
A species that could become endangered within the foreseeable future is called
threatened
The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?
time of day
You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?
tiny and pearly white eggs
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
titanium dioxide
Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?
to figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from
Phadebas Forensic tube test
tube test is useful if amylase is suspected/detected in an area that exhibits other staining such as semen, blood or heavy vaginal deposits. Quantifies more accurately the amylase activity in a positive stain. The optical density of the sample can be measured using a spectrophotometer and compared to a standard curve.
Urea
turn pink/red in presence of DMAC and acid
What was the speed of the truck at impact?
two of these
Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?
two of these
A forest fires started when someone was mowing their dry grass and caused a spark is known as:
unintentional
Absorption-inhibition method
unknown stain + antisera → allow absorption to occur → spin and remove supernatant → add known cells to supernatant → allow absorption to occur → look for agglutination
Myiasis falls under which sub section of forensic entomology?
urban entomology
You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?
urban entomology
Urine detection relies on identifying __________ and ___________
urea; creatinine
The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is
urine
Phadebas forensic press test
used for detecting and identifying hidden saliva stains (mapping)
Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test?
vaginal secretions
"A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "
viper snake venom
Those that kill because they are ""told"" to, and tend to be paranoid or schizophrenic are known as:
visionaries
Evidence exam flowchart
visual exam--> presumptive chemical testing --> confirmatory testing --> species testing --> DNA
What are areas or patterns that result from the absence of bloodstains in otherwise continuous patters of staining?
void patterns
What is the term for an area of translucent design on paper?
watermark
Cross-reaction
when antibody bind w/ less strength to an antigen that is structurally similar to immunogen
Which of these is associated with an organized crime scene?
when retrains are used
When is there no penalty for killing an endangered species?
when the act was accidental during farming or ranching
What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?
wound
Pregnancy
~5% of SA results in pregnancy a. 32,000 pregnancies/year - EC reduces the risk by 89% a. PlanB available without prescription for all! (State law, not a federal law) b. PlanB given to pt. at hospital if they come in for a SA - SE: n/v, breast tenderness, cramps, irregular periods a. Similiar to a bad period - Plan B may be effective up to 96 hours post-unprotected sex - Ella effective up to 5 days, more effective in overweight women (na OTC) a. Used at UIHC
Sexual Assault Epidemiology (Most vulnerable age group & 4 estimates of victimization)
~876,064/year (NIJ, 2000) - Stat came from asking people in households ~ 191,670/year (BoJ, 2006) - Different stat dependent on how you are collecting data & how you define SA Most vulnerable: Females ages 16-24 y.o. & Males <16 y.o. Estimates of victimization: a. 1 in 3 women b. 1 in 4 college women c. 1 in 10 men d. 1 in 8 Iowa women
