Foundations II FINAL EXAM REPO

other female reproductive tests

-endometrial (aspiration) biopsy -dilation and curettage -laparoscopy -hysteroscopy -endometrial ablation

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

-enlargement of the prostate gland that obstructs the flow of urine Cause: unknown Pharm treatment: alpha-adrenergic blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

-50% of sexually active individuals get HPV at some point -can cause cervical cancer and or genital warts

orchitis

An inflammation of the testes

Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive capacity. Which of the following is a common complaint that may be due to a cystocele?

Dyspareunia

A 48-year-old man has presented to the outpatient radiology department for a scheduled transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). The nurse in this department should be aware that this patient has likely had:

Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A nurse is teaching a group of college-aged men about the risks of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A participant has implied that men do not need to be particularly concerned about these diseases since the health consequences for men are comparatively minor. The nurse counters that men may in fact become infertile because these diseases can cause:

Epididymitis

A client who comes to the clinic complaining of perineal pain, dysuria, and fever is diagnosed with prostatitis. The nurse understands that which of the following organisms would be the most likely cause?

Escherichia coli

cause of condylomata (genital warts)

HPV

A nurse is reviewing the history of a client who is experiencing difficulty sustaining an erection. Which of the following might the nurse suspect as a possible contributing factor?

HTN

Which statement is true regarding hormonal contraception?

It increases the risk for venous thromboembolism.

A client has a history of dysmenorrhea. During monthly menses, the client experiences incapacitating cramping and passes large clots. The client's primary care physician initiates conservative treatment. What interventions would the physician to recommend?

NSAIDs

Candidiasis

yeast infection -caused by C. albicans -treated with antifungals Risk factors: broad spectrum antibiotics, exogenous hormones, and corticosteroids

atypia

Structural abnormality in a cell

A client who wishes to preserve childbearing asks the nurse to explain how taking oral contraceptives will work in the management of endometriosis. Which is the best response by the nurse?

Symptoms of endometriosis are increased during normal menstrual cycle.

A patient has been diagnosed with a Trichomoniasis vaginal infection. The nurse would expect which color of discharge?

yellow-green

A 24-year-old client births a healthy female infant. This client was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) during her pregnancy. It is important that the nurse stresses frequent gynecologic examinations of the client's daughter when she reaches a certain age because of which concern?

To prevent the onset of vaginal carcinoma in the client's daughter

vault prolapse

Top of the vagina prolapses after a hysterectomy

surgeries for BPH and prostate cancer

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Suprapubic prostatectomy Perineal prostatectomy Retropubic prostatectomy Transurethral incision of the prostate (TOIP) Robotic or laparoscopic prostatectomy

During an internal vaginal examination, the nurse practitioner notes a frothy and malodorous discharge. The nurse suspects the odor is caused by which bacteria?

Trichomonas

priapism

persistent and painful erection *a urologic emergency -anticoagulant or shunt placement

organic causes of erectile dysfunction are treated with

phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

endometriosis

presence of endometrial like tissue that proliferates outside of the uterine cavity -chronic pelvic pain -NSAIDs and oral contraceptives

bacterial vaginosis (BV)

a condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina -may be asymptomatic -may cause foul vaginal discharge -usually treated with metronidazole

amenorrhea

absence of menses -may be primary or secondary -treated with hormones

An older female client reports pain during intercourse, disrupting the intimacy that she and her husband are accustomed to sharing. What might be the cause of her pain?

atrophy of Bartholin glands

uterine fibroids

benign tumors of the uterus

Mastalgia

breast pain

A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic. Which sign or symptom may indicate that the client has gonorrhea?

burning on urination

syphilis

caused by: Treponema pallidum -single dose of penecillin intramuscular injection -bacterial infection caused by sexual contact

Systemic breast cancer therapies

chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biologic therapy

Cancer of the cervix

common among women between the ages of 30 and 50. Risk factors include frequent cervical inflammation, sexually transmitted diseases, multiple pregnancies, and many sexual partners. HPV may cause the disease pap tests most preventative measure

endometrial ablation

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

Which cancer ranks second as the cause of death in American men?

prostate

A patient experiences hypotension, lethargy, and muscle spasms while receiving bladder irrigations after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). What is the first action the nurse should take?

discontinue the irrigations

varicocele

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord

A client is preparing for an annual prostate digital examination, and asks the nurse to explain the role of the prostate gland. What is the function of the prostatic fluid?

ensuring sperm survival

Which structure collects the spermatocytes and nourishes them until they are able to move about spontaneously?

epididymis

A 61-year-old man's elevated prostate screening antigen (PSA) levels and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) results prompted his care provider to refer him for treatment. The patient has subsequently been diagnosed with prostate cancer and is scheduled for surgery. The nurse should recognize that this patient's plan of nursing care should include interventions to address what potential long-term complication of prostate surgery?

erectile dysfunction

menstrual cycle results from variations in

estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LSH

Which of the following patient populations have the highest risk for developing testicular cancer?

european american

when should females get mammograms?

every year after age of 40

A patient is told that she has a common form of breast cancer where the tumor arises from the duct system and invades the surrounding tissues, often forming a solid irregular mass. What type of cancer does the nurse prepare to discuss with the patient?

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis Treatment: bed rest, IV fluids, IV antibiotics

Epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland S/S: perineal discomfort, dysuria, urgency frequency, pain w/ or after ejaculation Management: antibiotics, comfort measures, analgesic agents, sitz baths

Which statement is accurate regarding sildenafil?

its side effects including flushing, headache and dizziness

Surgical management of breast cancer

lumpectomy, simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy

Postop assessment for prostate surgery

maintenance of fluid volume balance, relief of pain and discomfort, ability to perform self care activities

Breast surgery care

monitor for complications such as lymphedema, hematoma, seroma, infection

nursing care around chemo addresses

n/v, bone marrow suppression, taste changes, alopecia, mucositis, skin changes, fatigue

A client is having prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing done. Which result would the nurse identify as abnormal?

normal levels are <4.0

Symptoms of pelvic infection usually begin with which of the following?

pain

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation Primary- crampy abdominal and/or lower back pain before onset of bleeding Secondary- associated with underlying patho Treatment: NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives

dysuria

painful urination

Perimenopause

period of transition from normal periods to the complete cessation of menses for 1 year

Priapism

persistent and painful erection

Cystocele

protrusion of the bladder in vagina

Breast reconstructive surgeries

reduction mammoplasty, augmentation mammoplasty and mastopexy

hydrocele

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

Which structure is involved in keeping the testes at the necessary temperature to ensure sperm production?

scrotum

A group of students are reviewing information related to the male reproductive system structures. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which structure as an accessory organ?

seminal vesicles

A client who is to have a pelvic examination has a disability that interferes with her ability to place her feet on the foot rests of the examination table. The nurse would assist the client to assume which position?

sim

radiation therapy nursing care emphasis

skin care and fatigue management

cancer of the endometrium or uterus

standard treatment is a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries )

Hysterectomy

surgical removal of the female reproductive organs -used to treat uterine bleeding, benign or malignant masses, pelvic organ prolapse, pelvic pain, endometriosis, trauma -total abdominal hysterectomies (TAH) and total vaginal hysterectomies (TVH)

After having transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), a client returns to the unit with a three-way indwelling urinary catheter and continuous closed bladder irrigation. Which finding suggests that the client's catheter is occluded?

the client reports bladder spasms and the urge to void

uterine prolapse

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

A female client is diagnosed with carcinoma in situ of the endometrium. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?

the malignancy is localized

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client with prostate cancer who is scheduled to undergo a radical prostatectomy. When describing the surgery, the nurse would identify which structures as being removed? Select all that apply.

tips of the vas deferns and seminal vesicles

hematoma

tumor of blood

Cancer of the prostate

-asymptomatic in early stages -digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate- specific antigen (PSA) -surgery, radiation, hormone treatment

assessment of the male reproductive system

-health history -penis and scrotum examination -digital rectal exam -assessment of male breast

Chlamydia and gonorrhea

-most common STIs -usually don't cause symptoms in women -complications in women: pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, infertility -complications in men: epididymitis which can lead to infertility

testicular cancer

-most common, treatable and curable S/S: gradually with a mass or lump on the testicles and painless enlargement of the testis -orchiectomy (testis removal) or radiation

male diagnostic evaluations

-prostate specific antigen test -prostate fluid or tissue analysis -ultrasonography

breast imaging

-used to detect breast abnormalities and diseases -mammography is the most common -imaging allows for the staging of cancer -ultrasound, MRI, fine needle aspiration, biopsies

Atypical hyperplasia increases a women's risk for breast cancer about how many times compared with that of the general population?

4

menorrhagia

excessive menstrual bleeding

radical prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes

rectocele

extrusion of rectum into the posterior vagina

fibroadenomas

fibrous or solid tissue masses that are usually benign

trochomoniasis

flagellated protozoan that causes commonly sexually transmitted vaginitis -foul vaginal discharge in women -urethritis in men -metronidazole or tinidazole

breast cysts

fluid filled sacs within the breast tissue

phimosis

foreskin cannot be retracted

The nurse is assessing a client in the emergency department who grimaces and reports swelling of the testicles, burning on urination and a green discharge from the penis. The nurse suspects the client will be diagnosed with which infection?

gonorrhea

Prostate surgery complications

hemorrhage infections, catheter obstruction, DVT, sexual dysfunction

Which of the following is an immediate danger after a prostate surgery?

hemorrhagic shock and bleeding

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group about prostate cancer and possible dietary risk factors. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include?

high fat diet

hysteroscopy

visual examination of the uterus

Health history for female reproductive assessment

-STDs -female genital mutilation -incest and sexual abuse -rape and sexual assault -domestic violence

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

-abnormal cells found in the lobules of the breast -increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts.

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

-an effective tool used to screen for cervical cancer -secretions are gently removed from the cervix and cervical os

orchitis

inflammation of the testes

Which is the primary assessment finding in identifying the possible cause of repeated episodes of vaginitis in a female client?

type 2 diabetes

laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdomen