Foundations of Leadership Midterm Studyguide
______ refers to the servant leader characteristic in which the leader is a visionary and solves problems in creative ways.
Conceptualization
______ refers to a leader's self-efficacy or the belief that they have the ability to accomplish a task.
Confidence
______ refers to the servant leader characteristic in which the leader "stands in the shoes" of others.
Empathy
Which of the following is a criticism of adaptive leadership?
Empirical research is lacking.
Who is responsible for the leadership process?
Followers and leaders
Which of the following is a criticism of LMX?
LMX does not fully explain the creation of high-quality exchanges.
______ refers to a leader who uses any combination of the five basic styles for the purpose of personal advancement.
Opportunism
What is the emphasis of the trait approach?
Role of the leader
In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______.
a relational concern for both leaders and followers
In adaptive leadership, leaders and followers mutually affect each other, making leadership a complex interactive process. This is ______.
a strength of adaptive leadership
Conceptual skills are
ability to work with ideas
Challenging followers to perform work at the highest levels possible is an example of which leadership behavior?
achievement-oriented
Leaders who challenge their followers to seek continuous improvement are using ______ leadership behaviors.
achievement-oriented
The leader's emotions generally play a significate role in which stage of the LMX relationship?
acquaintance phase
Out-group members ______.
act differently than in-group members
The origins of the study of leadership can be traced back to ______.
ancient Greeks
A process view of leadership means that ______.
anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader
To create change, transformational leaders ______.
become strong role models for their followers
Servant leadership can be viewed as a set of ______.
behaviors
The dyadic relationship in LMX is ______.
both descriptive and prescriptive
The process of adaptive leadership incorporates ideas from which perspectives?
business, economics, systems, and psychology
Adaptive leadership has been conceptualized as a subset of which leadership theory?
complexity leadership theory
Middle-of-the-road management best describes leaders who are ______.
compromising
Supportive leadership in path-goal theory is very similar to which concept from the behavioral approach?
consideration
Which leadership trait is associated with having grit?
determination
Leaders who give followers instructions about task accomplishment are using ______ leadership behaviors.
directive
What two leadership dimensions are highlighted in the situational approach?
directive and supportive behaviors
The two leadership outcomes outlined in the skills model are ______.
effective problem solving and performance
Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______.
empathy
In the early stages of leader-member relationship development, leaders look for followers who exhibit which behaviors?
enthusiasm and willingness to participate
The primary functions of leadership are ______.
establishing direction, aligning people, inspiring others
Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with leadership?
extraversion
The approach known as servant leadership ______.
focuses on followers needs
A strength of the adaptive leadership approach is that it is ______.
follower centered
Adaptive leadership is ______.
follower centered
The three outcomes of servant leadership are ______.
follower performance and growth, societal impact, organizational performancefollower performance and growth, societal impact, organizational performance
Which is an antecedent condition of servant leadership?
follower receptivity
Which of the following problem-solving skills can best be described as the ability to anticipate the implications of executing a plan?
forecasting
In-group members ______.
get more information from leaders
Which leader behavior is a prerequisite for the other adaptive leader behaviors?
get on the balcony
Commitment in the situational leadership approach can be defined as ______.
having motivation and confidence in doing the work
Organizations that adopt a servant leadership culture are typically interested in ______.
helping those in need outside the organization
The behavioral approach has been criticized for implying that a ______ leadership style is most effective.
high task—high relationship
The early studies of LMX identified what two vertical linkages?
in-groups and out-groups
The essential ingredient in leadership is ______.
influence
Which part of the leadership definition offered in the textbook gives leadership its ethical tone?
influence
Coercive leadership is not considered ideal leadership as defined in this text because ______.
influence in leadership includes followers and leaders working toward a common goal
According to the Full Range model, which transformational factor describes leaders who communicate high expectations to followers and inspire them to share the organization's vision?
inspirational motivation
Which factor of transformational leadership supports followers as they try new approaches and develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues?
intellectual stimulation
Which perspective of authentic leadership is concerned with a leader's self-knowledge and self-concept?
intrapersonal
Coercive leadership ______.
is forcing followers to do something with penalties and rewards
The "natural leader" trait definition of leadership ______.
is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics
One key to emerging as a leader ______.
is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable
Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because ______.
it is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex
Which type of leadership gives no feedback and makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs?
laissez-faire
The behavioral approach focuses on ______.
leader actions
In path-goal theory, the main components are ______.
leader behaviors, follower characteristics, task characteristics, and motivation
The skills approach, like the trait approach, takes a(n) ______ perspective on leadership.
leader-centered
According to the adaptive leadership model, who solves adaptive challenges?
leaders and followers
Which of the following is most accurate about leaders and followers?
leaders have an ethical responsibility to followers
The process definition of leadership implies ______.
leadership is reciprocal between leaders and followers
The trait definition of leadership suggests ______.
leadership occurs because of who the leader is
The situational leadership model is divided into two parts: ______.
leadership style and follower development level
Authentic leadership focuses on ______.
leadership that is genuine
Chief executive officers of any company have ______.
legitimate power
The skills approach works by providing a ______ that shows how a person can become an effective leader.
map
The behavioral approach is considered a ______ that provides a conceptual map to help leaders understand their behaviors.
model
Some research has suggested that interest in transformational leadership may be exaggerated and perhaps not as relevant now that ______ are flooding into the workplace.
nontraditional workers
Environmental factors are those influences that are ______.
outside a leader's competencies and characteristics
Leaders who invite their followers to share in the decision-making process are using ______ leadership behaviors.
participative
Which leadership style, according to Blake and Mouton, includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?
paternalism/maternalism
A strength of the LMX approach is its focus on the importance of ______ in leadership.
personality
What is the name of the group of factors that predispose or enhance a leader's capacity to develop components of authentic leadership?
positive psychological capacities
One of the key strengths of path-goal theory is its ______.
practical nature
Which of the following problem-solving skills can best be described as the ability to define noteworthy issues or significant problems affecting the organization?
problem definition
Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint suggests leadership is accessible by all.
process
Which characteristic of authentic leadership refers to a leader's strong sense of self and their clear direction toward where they are going?
purpose
Which leader behavior is the defining characteristic of Liden's servant leadership model?
putting followers first
Which of the following bases of power is considered personal power?
referent
Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is ______.
reward
You are told you need to work weekends. Your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power is your supervisor using?
reward
Self-esteem and self-assurance are associated with which leadership trait?
self-confidence
Charismatic leaders often communicate high expectations for followers in hopes of increasing followers'______.
self-efficacy
According to Liden et al., the three main components of the servant leadership model are ______.
servant leader behaviors, antecedent conditions, leadership outcomes
Which approach to classifying leadership involves learnable capabilities that make leadership possible?
skills
Authentic transformational leadership is ______ leadership.
socialized
Contingent reward is a process in which effort by followers is exchanged for ______.
specific payoffs
Leaders who are friendly and approachable are using ______ leadership behaviors.
supportive
According to the behavioral approach, managers are continually engaged in which types of leader behaviors?
task and relationship
The behavioral approach emphasizes which two types of leader behaviors?
task and relationship
The model of adaptive leadership addresses which kinds of situational challenges?
technical, technical and adaptive, and adaptive
LMX theory focuses on ______.
the dyadic relationship between the leader and follower
The early research on authentic leadership grew out of an underdeveloped area within which leadership approach?
the trait approach
The statement "They are a born leader" suggests a
trait definition of leadership
Some of the main concepts of authentic leadership were identified earlier as part of which approach?
transformational
Intelligence as a leadership trait is associated with ______.
verbal ability
A recent criticism of path-goal theory is that is does not account for ______.
virtual working conditions that separate leaders and followers
Transformational leadership often incorporates which types of leadership?
visionary and charismatic
According to the model of servant leadership, an expected outcome for followers is increased ______.
work performance
Human skills is about
working with people
