Foundations of Organizational Leadership Test 2

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning active listening?

Active listeners do not disrupt the sender's message and will try to put the sender's message into their own words and scan the sender for various nonverbal signals.

Leaders and followers who posses higher levels of ____________ intelligence tend to be quick learners and have the ability to make accurate deductions, assumptions and inferences with relatively unfamiliar information.

Analytical

Stress is the process by which we perceive and respond to situations that challenge us. Which of the following is not suggested as an effective stress management tool?

Avoiding exercise late in the day

Which of the following skills category is comprised of competencies concerned with analyzing issues, making decisions, financial savvy and strategic thinking?

Business Skills Category

Which analysis system below uses a graphic approach to systematically reps rent the root causes of a problem, the relationships between different causes, and sometimes includes a prioritization of the causes that are most important?

Cause and effect diagrams

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging do so through ________.

Compelling Vision

Which of the following dimensions comprise the Leadership Grid?

Concern for people and concern for production

Which of the following refers to how much a leader is friendly and supportive towards followers?

Consideration

Most intelligence and aptitude tests are good examples of ________.

Convergent Thinking

Which of the following is not a source for 360-degree feedback?

Customers

Which of the following statements about defensiveness is false?

Defensiveness is an unnatural reaction when we are criticized.

Which term refers to the behavior of minimizing individual moral responsibility for collective action that is encountered most when group decision making is in progress?

Diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is not one of the four biases identified through research to have a pervasive and corrosive effect on our moral decision making?

Discrimination

Which of the following phrases best characterizes "end-based thinking"?

Do what's best for the greatest number of people

Which type of power is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of the group?

Expert

All behavior is under conscious control.

False

The roots of the Great Man theory can be traced back to the early 1900s, when many leadership researchers and the popular press maintained that leaders and followers were essentially the same.

False

The term "personality" reflects a simple description of the person in the eyes of others.

False

Which of the following leadership terms bust refers to the competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that results in effective action?

Framing

In the realm of organizational leaders, those in the community or public domain different from those in the private sector most in that they _____ .

Have access to fewer resources

Leaders following the authentic leadership approach

Have realistic self-perceptions

Many aspects of office arrangements can impact the power of a leader or a follower. Which of the following statements is true in relation to this?

Individuals sittings at the ends of rectangular tables frequently wield more power.

Which of the following examples is an attribution of blame?

Individuals try to justify immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions.

Which of the following refers to one person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, value or behaviors?

Influence Tactics

Intelligence is a person's all-around effectiveness in activities directed by thought. Which of the following is also true of intelligence?

Intelligence can be modified through education and experience.

Which of the following skills and behaviors do not involve interacting with others and the among the most difficult to change?

Intrapersonal

To which of the following leadership behavior dimensions do goal emphasis and work facilitation belong?

Job-Centered

Which component of assertiveness skills is concerned with knowing when to behave assertively and when to refrain from such behavior?

Knowledge

Which of the following best describes the application of work facilitation?

Leaders acquiring and allocating resources

Which of the following statements concerning power and influence is incorrect?

Leaders in well-functioning organizations are not influenced by their followers.

Which approach below is not mentioned by the textbook as a way to increase assertiveness?

Learn to say yes

Leaders often need to find ways to resolve problems when followers invoke bureaucratic rules. When this occurs, it can be said that followers have successfully used which type of power to influence the leader?

Legitimate

There is a strong tendency for people to resort to _____ whenever they have an advantage in clout if other tactics fail to produce the desired results.

Legitimizing tactics

Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning practical intelligence (aka "street smarts")?

Lower levels of analytical intelligence may be compensated for by having higher levels of practical intelligence.

Which term refers to the behavior of reinterpretting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose?

Moral Justification

As is glaringly evident by leadership failures in business and government, which set of leaders truly performs bust under stressful conditions?

More experienced leaders

Which of the following statements regarding 360-degree feedback systems is not true?

Most 360-degree feedback systems are designed to make comparisons between people

Which of the following statements concerning intelligence is accurate?

Most research shows that leaders possess higher levels of analytical intelligence than the general population.

Which of the following is not included in the "fronts" of leadership required to establish an ethical climate?

Multi-tasking ability

Which of the following is an intrinsic reward?

Personal Growth

What type of power is used to influence followers who have developed a close interpersonal relationships with their leaders?

Referent

Research findings by French and Raven found that many leaders who relied primarily on _____ and _____ power had followers who were more motivated and satisfied. Thus the followers were absent less frequently and outperformed others.

Referent; Expert

Key characteristics such as self-control, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, adaptability and innovation correspond with _____.

Self-regulation

_______ is inovlved in the service of higher goals to others and organizations and often involves self-sacrifice toward those ends.

Socialized power

Relationships are fundamental to a leader's success. Which of the following is the best way to build relationships?

Spending time listening to what the followers have to say

Which of the following is not one of the types of intelligence identified in the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

Strategic Intelligence

Sigmund Freud believed that the intraphsychic tensions among the id, ego and _____ caused one to behave in characteristic ways even if the real motives behind the behaviors were unknown to the person.

Superego

Sigmund Freud believed that the intrapsychic tensions among the id, ego and _____ caused one to behave in characteristic ways even if the real motives behind the behaviors were unknown to the person.

Superego

Which of the following is accurate about a leader who employs the Theory Y approach?

The leader believes followers are intrinsically motivated by their work.

Which of the following best defines the skill of building social capital?

The power of relationships shared between individuals

Managers with this particular orientation rely heavily on coercive and external-control methods to motivate workers. This includes such enticements as punishment and threats.

Theory X

Which of the following statements is true regarding coalition tactics?

They are used when a leader seeks the aid of followers to influence others.

People typically use ingratiation when

They will personally benefit if the attempt is successful

Analytic intelligence is general problem-solving ability and can be assessed using standardized mental abilities tests.

True

Effective leaders intuitively realize they need more than legitimate power to be successful.

True

Research shows that when a manager shares the results of their 360-degree feedback with followers and work on an action plan to improve their ratings, ratings do increase over time and in some cases, leadership productivity improves as well.

True

Researchers at the University of Michigan considered job-centered and employee-centered behaviors to be at opposite ends of a single continuum of leadership behavior.

True

Which answer below contains the two components that together create credibility?

Trust and expertise

Which of the following is not a method for a leader to improve communication skills?

Using constructive wit and sarcasm

What is the term used to describe the constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important?

Values

The characteristics of reality testing, flexibility and problem solving are associated with an individuals' ____________.

adaptability

Which theory explains the interesting relationships between leader intelligence and experience levels and group performance in stressful versus nonstressful conditions?

cognitive resources theory

The degree to which someone tells others something and ensure that they understand what was said is called ____ .

communication effectiveness

Which of the following leadership dimensions were identified by the Ohio State Studies?

consideration and initiating structure

Consider terrorists who refer to themselves as "freedom fighters" or to a workplace supervisor who rather than firing a person says he is "letting him go." Which of the following terms best characterizes these expressions?

euphemistic labeling

When a leader has demonstrated empathy with followers, it indicates that the leader

has shown understanding of the followers' world and experiences.

According to the systems view of communication, which of the following is the correct sequence of events?

intention, expression, reception, interpretation, feedback, new intentions

Which of the following best describes the scope of mobilization?

strategic, planned purposeful activity to achieve clearly defined outcomes

Influence is which of the following?

the degree of actual change in a target person's values

Which of the following best describes moral reasoning?

the process leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors

The strength of the relationship between personality traits and leadership effectiveness is often inversely related to the relative strength of the situation.

true

Leadership gurus Bennis and Goldsmith suggested four quality of leadership that engender trust. Which of the following are those four qualities?

vision, empathy, consistency and integrity

In which of the following environments, according to research, is follower satisfaction likely to be highest?

when leaders demonstrate a high level of consideration (for followers)