Frandsen: Abrams Clinical Drug Therapy Chap. 21

A patient on your unit has bacterial colitis and is being treated with oral vancomycin. Why is vancomycin given orally, rather than intravenously, in the treatment of bacterial colitis?

The oral version of the drug acts within the bowel lumen.

Your patient is receiving a miscellaneous antibacterial to treat an infection. Which of the following goals would be appropriate to include in your plan of care? Select all that apply.

The patient will verbalize and practice measures to prevent recurrent infection. The patient will take or receive miscellaneous antimicrobials accurately, for the prescribed length of time. The patient will be monitored regularly for therapeutic and adverse drug effects.

A client prescribed rifaximin for diarrhea has developed frank bleeding in the stool. What intervention should the nurse anticipate being implemented to best ensure client safety?

changing to a different antibiotic

A client with an upper respiratory infection has been prescribed macrolides. Which changes during an ongoing assessment would lead the nurse to notify the health care provider? Select all that apply.

drop in blood pressure increase in respiratory rate sudden increase in temperature

The client has developed a pressure area on the hip that has become infected. If the wound culture reveals vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed?

linezolid

In which condition present in the client should macrolides be used with caution?

liver dysfunction

The ______________, which include erythromycin as well as azithromycin, clarithromycin, and fidaxomicin, have similar antibacterial spectra and mechanisms of action

macrolides

A client developed a pressure area on the hip that has become infected. If the wound culture reveals methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed?

vancomycin

A client has been prescribed daptomycin for treatment of an infection. What instruction is most important for the nurse to tell this client?

"Tell the health care provider immediately if you develop any muscle pain."

A client received erythromycin before dental surgery. The client has a past history of a cardiac surgery. The rest of the client's history is unremarkable. What does the nurse teach the client about this medication?

"You are receiving this medication to prevent infection that may affect your heart."

A patient is required to be administered vancomycin for treatment of an abdominal abscess. What should the nurse ensure when monitoring the IV infusion of vancomycin in the patient when caring for him?

Administer each dose over 60 minutes.

Because linezolid is a weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, clients should avoid foods high in tyramine content, such as what foods? (Select all that apply.)

Aged cheeses Red wine Tap beers

A male client presents to the emergency department with an abdominal dehiscence. He states he had a hernia repair 18 days earlier, and the health care provider removed his wound staples 5 days ago. The client states that the dehiscence occurred when he lifted a box this morning for his wife. The wound is red, and there is evidence of foul-smelling drainage. The wound is cultured, and an anaerobic bacterium is identified. The nurse understands that the provider orders metronidazole because it is effective against which type of organism?

Anaerobic bacteria

A patient taking erythromycin (E-mycin) is having difficulty hearing the nurse. How should the nurse proceed?

Ask about the patient's hearing prior to medication therapy.

If diarrhea develops in a patient receiving ____________, discontinuation of the drug is essential

Clindamycin

The prototype macrolide is?

Erythromycin

A client presents to the health care provider's office with a skin infection on the forearm. The infection is resistant to over-the-counter antibiotics. After receiving the culture and sensitivity results, the provider orders tigecycline. The nurse knows that this client has what illness?

MRSA

A client develops antibiotic-induced colitis. The symptoms have worsened within the past 72 hours. The nurse expects the health care provider to order what medication, which is considered the initial drug of choice?

Metronidazole

______________ is effective against anaerobic bacteria, including gram-negative bacilli such as Bacteroides, gram-positive bacilli such as Clostridia, and some gram-positive cocci. The drug is also effective against protozoa that cause amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

The nurse should monitor the client for which common side effects of erythromycin therapy?

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

A nurse is caring for a client with severe and life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile. Which drug would the nurse expect the client's provider to order?

Oral vancomycin

It is very important to give IV infusions of vancomycin slowly, over 1 to 2 hours, to avoid an adverse reaction characterized by hypotension, flushing, and skin rash. This reaction, sometimes called _____ _____ syndrome, is attributed to histamine release.

Red man syndrome

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse infuses the medication at the prescribed rate to prevent what from occurring?

Red man syndrome