freud, adler, and jung

Adler:People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality//fictionalism--

-->beliefs & expectations of the future

Adler:People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality//Physical Inferiorities (#blessed)

-All humans are born physically inferior -Need fictions of strength to overcome these deficiencies -Serve as an impetus toward perfection

levels of the psyche

-Conscious:images sensed by the ego -Personal Unconscious:all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual (complexes) -Collective Unconscious rooted in ancestral past of the entire species

Adler:People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality//final goal, which is fictional

-Guides our behavior -Guides our style of life -Gives unity to our personality

Adler: style of life →Term Adler used to refer to the flavor of a person's life

-Includes a person's goal, self-concept, empathy, & attitude toward the world -Product of interaction of heredity, environment, & a person's creative power -Mostly set by 4 or 5 years of age -Healthy individuals express this through action & struggle to solve the 3 major problems of life: neighborly love, sexual love, & occupation

Adler: importance of social interest

-Measure of psychological health & maturity -"The sole criterion of human values" and the "barometer of normality"

Adler: Personality is unified and self-consistent.

-Organ Dialect →The deficient organ expresses the direction of an individual's goal -Conscious and Unconscious → Unified personality is the harmony between conscious & unconscious actions

Adler: origins of social interest

-Potentiality is found in everyone -Originates from the mother-child relationship -Fostered by the early social environment

archetypes

-The content of the collective unconscious are called Archetypes -Jung believed humans are not born clean slates. He thought we came into this world with certain pre-dispositions that cause behavior. -These behaviors were driven by archetypes or archetypal behavio

key tenets of Adler's theory

-The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority. -People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality. -Personality is unified and self-consistent. -The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest. -The self-consistent personality structure develops into a person's style of life. -Style of life is molded by people's creative power.

Identify constructs the Myer-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI) measures.

-developed from Jung's theory about the interplay between personality, perception, and judgment self-report and forced-choice scored on eight scales (four pairs) that yield four bipolar dimensions

myers briggs eight scales (four pairs)

-extraversion vs. introversion (direction of energy) -sensing vs. intuition (mode of perceiving) -thinking vs. feeling (how you judge the information obtained through either sensing or intuition) -judging vs. perceiving (orientation for dealing with external world) the 4th dimension was added by the test creators, not one of Jung's ideas, and the finding that all are independent of each other except the 4th supports Jung's view of only 3 dimensions

Adler safe guarding tendencies vs Freud defense mechanisms

Adler: Limited mostly to the construction of a neurotic style of life Freud: found in everyone Adler:Protect the person's fragile self esteem from public disgrace Freud:Protect the ego from the pain of anxiety Adler:Can be partly conscious Freud:Operate only on an unconscious level

Freud; repression

Blocking a threatening idea, memory, or emotion from consciousness

Given alternatives to choose among, identify examples of masculine protest.

Cultural and social practices—not anatomy—influence many men and women to overemphasize the importance of being manly Adler assumed that women—because they have the same physiological and psychological needs as men—want more or less the same things that men want.

Adler: style of life is molded by peoples creative power

Freedom that empowers each person to create his or her own style of life -Places one in control of one's life (individual freedom) -Responsible for one's final goal -Determines one's method of striving -Contributes to the development of one's social interest

Jung Self-Realization

Goal of personality development -Achieved by attaining balance between various opposing forces in personality such as: introversion/extroversion, rational/irrational, conscious/unconscious, and male/female.

Adler:The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority.

The Final Goal ,Striving Force as Compensation

Given a description of a behavior, identify how Freud would perceive these actions

Theories that explain behavior & personality in terms of unconscious dynamics within the individual. -Cornerstones: Sex & aggression

Jungs psychological types

Thinking , feeling, sensing, intuiting

Given a description of a behavior, identify how Adler would perceive these actions.

To Adler, people are born with weak, inferior bodies—a condition that leads to feelings of inferiority and a consequent dependence on other people. Therefore, a feeling of unity with others (social interest) is inherent in people and the ultimate standard for psychological health.

Freud: Sublimation

a special case of displacement in which the displacement of emotions serves a higher cultural or socially useful purpose, as in creation of art or inventions

Freud:projection

attributing one's own unacceptable feelings and impulses to someone else

Freud and the unconscious

beyond awareness: Includes drives, urges, & instincts Is known only indirectly Sources: repression & phylogenetic endowment

Freud: Preconscious

contains elements that are not conscious, but can become conscious

16 year old tom had started using drugs, and the changes in his behavior made it pretty obvious, but tom's parents didnt believe the school principal when she called to talk with them about the problem

denial

Freud: discplacement

directing one's emotions,especially anger, toward things, animals, or other people that are not the real object of one's feelings

after receiving a low grade on an exam, Phil slams the door as he leaves the classroom

displacment

people can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed.

displacment

Adler: social interest

feeling of oneness with all humanity

Jung: Anima

feminine archetype in men

Identify key tenets of Jung's theory.

levels of the psyche, archetypes,psychological types

Jung: Animus

masculine archetype in women

Freud: superego

moral ideals, conscience

Freud: Conscious

only level of mental life that is directly available

freud:id

operates according to the pleasure principle (primary process) -Primitive, unconscious core of personality

Freud:ego

perates according to the reality principle (secondary process) -Mediates between id & superego

Jung:Shadow

prehistoric fear of wild animals, represents animal side of human nature (dark side of our nature - the part we disown & tend to project onto others)

george feels that his younger so, Gary, is unattractive and not very smart, he accuses his wife of picking on Gary and favoring their other son

projection

which can be defined as seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one's own unconscious

projection

Lucy dresses in provocative clothes and uses suggestive language although she fears that she is unattractive and she really isn't interested in sex

reaction formation

One of the ways in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form. Reactive behavior can be identified by its exaggerated character and by its obsessive and compulsive form

reaction formation

Freud: denial

refusing to admit that something unpleasant is happening, or that a taboo emotion is being experienced. Denial blocks or distorts perception; repression blocks or distorts memory

After SueAnn's baby brother was born she began to talk baby-talk and to suck her thumb like she did when she was younger

regression

Once the libido has passed a developmental stage, it may, during times of stress and anxiety, revert back to that earlier stage. Such a reversion is known as regression

regression

Many people who were in concentration camps were unable to recall vents that happened in camp during their interment

repression

Whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by repressing those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious . In many cases the repression is then perpetuated for a lifetime.

repression

Freud - Defense mechanisms

repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, denial, sublmation

Freud: regression

returning to more primitive levels of behavior in defense against anxiety or frustration

Jung: Collective Unconscious

rooted in ancestral past of the entire species -The reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge we are all born with (the universal memories, symbols, & experiences of the entire human race). We are not directly conscious of it but it influences all our experiences and behaviors.

Patricia has a lot of anger at the way her verbally and physically abusive father treated her during her childhood. She has never confronted him about this. However, she has written a best-selling novel in which parent-child conflict is a major theme

sublimation

one mechanism—sublimation—helps both the individual and the social group. Sublimation is the repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim. The sublimated aim is expressed most obviously in creative cultural accomplishments such as art, music, and literature, but more subtly, it is part of all human relationships and all social pursuits. Freud (1914/1953) believed that the art of Michelangelo, who found an indirect outlet for his libido in painting and sculpting, was an excellent example of sublimation.

sublimation

Freud: reaction formation

transforming anxiety-producing thoughts or feelings into their opposites in consciousness

Jung:persona

your public personality, aspects of yourself that you reveal to others (social mask)