FSE-120 Mid-Term (ALL)
Bio
"life"
How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is
UV light
The bacterium that causes bubonic plague is
Yersinia pestis
The prefix staphyl- means
cluster
A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the
endospore
A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.
endotoxin
Ebola is a ____________________ disease.
epidemic
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.
focal
The best method to treat hazardous waste is
incineration
Bacteria that MUST have oxygen are
obligate aerobes
Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are
obligate anaerobes
The proper term for "blood poisoning" is
septicemia
An agent that kills endospores is
sporicide
An agent that kills mold would be
sporicide
_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body.
toxemia
Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are
zoonoses
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
0;6
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
8;14
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
The mosquito that causes malaria is
Anopheles mosquito
The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
The pus from __________________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A retort is
a combustion chamber
______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.
acquired
A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is
alcohol
When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as __________.
antagonism
An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.
antigen
Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is
antisepsis
Vector
arthropod vectors are organisms that spreads infection (such as lice, fleas, ticks, or mites)
Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is
attenuation
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are
autotrophs
A virus that infects bacteria is
bacteriophage
The most poisonous substance on Earth is _____________________.
botulinum toxin
What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?
chlorine
The three basic shapes of bacteria are
coccus, bacillus, spirilla
In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as ___________.
commensalism
What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?
cowpox
What chemical is used to produce Lysol?
cresols
The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is
dry heat
Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are ____________ bacteria.
facultative
Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is
fibrinolysin
Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is
fimbriae
An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a
fomite
Saprophyte
fungi that grows on decomposing matter
A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the
glycocalyx
A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is (choose two):
halogen & iodine
Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are
heterotrophs
A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.
hypertonic
A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.
hypotonic
Another word for skin is
integument
Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are
interferons
A disinfectant that is a tincture is
iodine
A compound of iodine and surfactant is
iodophore
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
it usually increases effectiveness
An agent that kills mosquito larvae is
larvicide
When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as __________.
mutualism
The study of fungi is called
mycology
Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be _____________ bacteria.
obligate saprophyte
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
one
The three arrangements of bacteria are
pairs, chains, clusters
COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.
pandemic
A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is
phenol
Salmonella food poisoning comes from
poultry
Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are
psychrophiles
The natural habitat of a pathogen is
reservoir
Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are
saprophytes
Viroid
similar to a virus but contain only RNA, do not have protein coat
Integument
skin
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the
slime layer
Plasmids are
small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria
The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population is
smallpox
Pathogen
something that causes disease
The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is
sporulation
Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is
sterilization
What is the germ theory of disease?
the theory that microorganisms cause disease
The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is
thermal death point
An organism that spreads disease is called a/n
vector
An agent that kills viruses is
viricide
The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is
virulence
Bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
Antibiotic
A natural substance found to inhibit the growth of bacterial cells (Antibiotics only kill bacteria, not viruses)
The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is
Cytomegalovirus
The four kingdoms are
Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as
amphitrichous
An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that
are not normally present in the body
Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is
disinfection
The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is
hyaluronidase
Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures are
mesophiles
Prion
small, infectious proteins that do not contain DNA or RNA or cause an immune response in humans; resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids.
Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are
antibodies
Mycoses
any fungal infection; Superficial (the least) skin & hair; Cutaneous is deeper like ringworm and jock itch; Subcutaneous deep in skin & tissue
Bacteria reproduce by a process called
binary fission
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as
peritrichous
What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?
surfactants
Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a __________________.
virus
Microbiology
The study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute, simple life-forms that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses and their effect on other living organisms. Micro=extremely small / bio=life/ literally=extremely small life
What kind of light controls microbial growth?
UV
