FTCE Professional Education -Chapters 2

By no later than age ___________, children have well-established racial/ethnic prejudices.

10

Psychosocial Characteristics of ____ young adolescents: • Often resistant toward parent/adult authority and will challenge adult authority • Need understanding and support from parents and others • Have social life shifted in focus from family to friends • Are intensely curious • Interested in investigating real-life problems • Easily offended and sensitive to criticism • Concerned about their physical appearance • Often preoccupied with self (adolescent egocentrism) • Feel like they're "on stage," others watching and judging them (imaginary audience) • Like to work with peers • Have a strong need for approval, especially from peers (peer pressure) • Have a strong desire to belong to a group • Want to be different. But "fit in" at same time • Very loyal to peer-group values • Tend to form cliques • Interested in opposite sex • Choose friends who are like themselves • Have both male and female friends • Likes trends • Are generally idealistic • Turn to friends for advice and understanding, but rely on family when making major decisions • Experience mood swings • Believe their personal situation is unique (personal fable) • No one else understand them • Believe that bad things happen to other people, not to them (invincibility fable) • Will engage in risky behavior • Have difficulty coping with being "caught" between childhood and adulthood • Girls have strong need to be like by boys • Girls more susceptible to becoming obsessed with pop culture figures

11-15

Psychosocial Characteristics of ____ older adolescents: • Show decreased resistance to authority • Are beginning to less influenced by adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audience and personal fable • Need understanding and support from parents and others • Interested in opposite sex and dating • Are comfortable with their sexuality • Still very concerned with their appearance • Choose friends who are like themselves • Have male and female friends • Tend to keep same friends and form cliques • Often form a close relationship with a "significant other" and tend to be strongly influenced by this person (especially true of girls) • Have increased personal autonomy • Will still test boundaries and engage in risky behavior (especially true of boys) • Turn to trusted (male or female) for advice and understanding, but rely on family when making major decisions • Interact with their parents as people • Interested in investigating real-life problems and topics that are personally meaningful • Interested in the future • Value support of their families • Girls more mature than boys

16-18

By age ___________, children have acquired gender identity.

3

Psychosocial Characteristics of ___ year old: • Have acquired self-identity • Aware of own gender and that of others • Will play with other children instead of beside them • Beginning to understand that others have feelings, although unable to take the perspective of others • Will share toys • Learning to take turns • Are becoming more self-reliant • Need more personal attention • Like silly humor • Like repetitious activities • Might develop irrational fears • Have short attention spans

3

Tier ___ supports include the implementation of a behavior implementation plan (BIP) base on a function behavioral assessment (FBA).

3

Psychosocial Characteristics of ___ year old: • Can describe self in simple terms • Have developed racial/cultural identity • Are self-centered • Enjoy group activities • Might have imaginary friends • Tend to play with same-sex peers and to select commonly gender-identified toys and might exclude the other sex • Like jokes and silly humor • Enjoy the security of repetitious activities • Need warm personal attention • Have increased attention span • Generally, boys prefer active play and are more aggressive and boisterous • Generally, girls prefer quieter play with one or two others • Girls set up rules for play • Boys are less organized

4

Psychosocial Characteristics of __ year old: • Enjoy the security of repetitious activities • Want to be accepted by adults • Engage in gender-specific forms of play • Can play simple board games • Will share and take turns but are still very self-centered • Are very individualistic • Tend to tattle on others (as they become aware of right and wrong) • Choose own friends • Like same-sex friends with same interests • Engage in cooperative play • Like practical jokes • Have an interest in the world outside their own • Very inquisitive about their surroundings • Appear to live in a world of make-believe and imagination. • Are spontaneous and uninhibited

5

Psychosocial Characteristics of ____ year old: • Can take the perspective of others • Tend to overestimate their abilities • Are highly competitive (cheating at games common) • Are highly imaginative and enjoy imitating • Like warm personal attention • Need encouragement and acceptance from adults • Choose same-sex peers as friends at school • Neighborhood friends might be mixed • Are imaginative in their play • Interested in games and rules • Show social give-and-take • Have a growing social interest • Begin to want to "fit in"

6-7

Psychosocial Characteristics of ____ year old: • Become more realistic about their abilities • Are very curious • Have well-established racial/ethnic prejudices • Are resistance to change • Are somewhat self-conscious • Need encouragement and acceptance from adults • Prefer group activities to independent work • Are interested in what's happening in the world • Have social life focused around family • Rely on opinions of family members in forming attitudes • Choose same-sex friends • Feel pressure to conform to others of same age especially in terms of dress • Might use inappropriate language • Might develop hero worship of family member or media/sport figure

8-10

According to ________ _________ (1954), all human beings have certain needs that must be met. These needs are listed in a hierarchy as follows: • Physiological needs, such as food and shelter • Safety needs, such as predictable environment and security from harm • Belongingness and love needs, such as affection and affiliation with others • Esteem needs, such as self-respect, worthiness, and gaining approval and recognition • Self-actualization needs, such as self-fulfillment and personal achievement

Abraham Maslow

The _____ is composed of individualized, assessment-based intervention strategies and requires more resources and staff time.

BIP

_____ ________ (1968) developed a life-cycle conception of personality development.

Erik Erikson

According to ________, people go through a series of major crises as they proceed through life.

Erikson

According to, there is a critical social crisis at each stage.

Erikson

According to ________, when making moral decisions, men and boys rely on their sense of fairness and justice more often than women and girls.

Gilligan

According to _________, women and girls respond from a caring perspective and sense of responsibility to others more often than men and boys.

Gilligan

_________ _________ identified six stages of moral reasoning, which he grouped into three levels: Preconventional Level (Birth to 9 Years) Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation Stage 2: Instrumental-Relativist Orientation Conventional Level (10 to 15 Years) Stage 3: Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation Stage 4: Law-Order Orientation Postconventional Level (16 to Adulthood) Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle

Lawrence Kohlberg

________Maslow explained that everyone has an innate desire to achieve self-actualization, the highest level of needs; however, lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be met. He described physiological, safety, belongingness and love, and esteem needs as deficiency needs and contended that motivation to learn is hampered when these needs are not satisfied. The implication is that a hungry child or a child who is worried about a family problem such as divorce or illness likely will not be interested in the lesson topic, or even be attentive in the classroom, for that matter.

Maslow

__________ means being prepared each day with lesson plans and everything needed to implement those plans.

Planning

___________ means going through each lesson mentally from a student's point of view and anticipating explanations, information, and directions needed in order to carry out the lesson successfully.

Preplanning

__________ are guidelines for regular daily routines (transitions, homework policy, turning in papers, bathroom policy, and so on).

Procedures

____________ and rules should be explicitly taught using modeling, role playing and practicing with monitoring and feedback.

Procedures

________ specify behavior expectations (be respectful, be responsible, be safe).

Rules

Teachers need to help economically disadvantaged students develop the ability to deal with _____________ representational systems.

abstract

When desks are arranged in rows, students who are seated in the front and center are in the _______ _______.

action zone

By state law, the district school board policies shall include commonly used _______ system responses for specific types of emergencies and verification by each school that drills have been provided as required by law and fire protection codes.

alarm

Research suggests that a teacher's _________ about students' abilities is an important classroom climate variable that is significantly related to student success.

attitude

Section 6A-5.065 requires that teachers consistently manage individual and class __________ through a well-planned management system.

behaviors

Low socioeconomic students tend to score _________ (above, below) average on assessments that are used to assign students to ability groups.

below

According to Gilligan, women and girls respond to moral decisions from a ______________ perspective.

caring

Social contact and interaction are promoted by ______________ arrangements.

cluster

Teachers should adopt incentives that encourage individual progress rather than emphasize _____________________.

competition

With regard to ________, effective teachers are proactive rather than reactive.

discipline

Often, economically disadvantaged students are also ______________ disadvantaged in the typical school environment.

educationally

Teachers' responses to student misconduct should be fair and ___________ without regard to students' personal characteristics.

equitable

Self-respect is an example of ________________ needs, which fall under deficiency needs.

esteem

Teacher __________ is a term used to describe a teacher's opinion of the likelihood the students will be successful.

expectations

Teachers who exhibit high _____________ toward their students have students who actually perform better.

expectations

FLPBS Rtl:B includes _______________ teaching of appropriate school behaviors.

explicit

Students at risk of academic failure need __________ orientation to classroom rules and procedures.

explicit

True/False A person who breaks the rules to follow his or own conscience is in Kohlberg's law-order orientation of moral development.

false

True/False Being successful in school contributes to a child's sense of industry.

false

True/False By law, school districts must ensure that homeless students are segregated from other students.

false

True/False Grouping low-ability students together provides a risk-free environment that makes them feel like they can succeed.

false

True/False Kounin found that successful classroom managers were significantly better at handling disruptions than unsuccessful classroom managers.

false

True/False Putting desks in U-shaped design minimizes interaction.

false

True/False Teachers should make a practice of giving long lectures to students who misbehave.

false

True/False Teachers should use punitive-based discipline so that students will know that the teachers are in charge.

false

True/False Younger adolescents tend to be less rebellious than older adolescents.

false

A person who obeys the rules out of a desire to please others is in Kohlberg's _________ stage of moral development.

good boy-nice girl orientation

For cooperative learning, teachers should use ______________ (heterogeneous, homogeneous) grouping practices.

heterogeneous

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the process of developing a sense of ________________.

identity

"Good job" is an example of ____________ (effective, ineffective) praise.

ineffective

According to Erikson, between the ages of 3 and 6, children are in the process of developing a sense of _____________________.

initiative

The seating arrangement can determine the kind and extent of ____________ that will take place in the classroom.

interactions

Florida's Positive Behavior Support Response to Intervention for Behavior (FLPBS Rtl:B) is an initiative, supported by Florida's Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), to create and sustain positive, safe, and productive _________ environments in schools.

learning

Good teachers use students' mistakes as ______________ opportunities.

learning

Researchers have found that middle-SES teachers often have _______________ (high/low) expectations for low-SES students.

low

Grouping by ability has a negative effect on the academic performance of ________________ (low-ability, high-ability) students.

low-ability

Teachers should avoid overusing global, nonspecific praise because it can become ______________ to students.

meaningless

A teacher who is able to give instructions and distribute materials at the same time exhibiting ________________.

overlapping

Younger adolescents are very susceptible to _____________ pressure.

peer

Grouping practices can affect students' ____________ of themselves.

perceptions

Food and shelter are examples of _______________ needs, which fall under deficiency needs.

physiological

Using praise to foster competition among students is a __________ (good, poor) practice.

poor

FLPBS Rtl:B Tier 1 supports are designed to promote positive behavior and _____________ behavioral problems.

prevent

According to Kounin, the main difference between successful and unsuccessful classroom managers is that successful classroom managers are ___________ in preventing disruptions before they occur.

proactive

With regard to discipline, effective teachers are ____________ rather than reactive.

proactive

Self-fulfilling _________ means that teachers get what they expect from students.

prophecy

A person who obeys the rules to avoid punishment is in Kohlberg's ___________ stage of moral development.

punishment-obedience orientation

Planned seating is better than _________ seating.

random

Harsh or punitive discipline tends to elicit student resentment and _______________.

resistance

Good classroom managers facilitate the development of ___________________ and self-regulation in students.

responsibility

When a disruption or behavior threatens the maintenance of a ______ and orderly classroom environment, a teacher should send the student to an appropriate administrator along with an office discipline referral (ODR) form that contains a written description of the incident.

safe

Personal achievement is an example of ____________ needs.

self-actualization

According to Erikson, how the individual reacts to each future crisis is determined by earlier development and by adjustment to _______ experiences.

social

Praise should be ______________, not global.

specific

Teacher expectations are significantly related to student _________________.

success

Seating students in rows directs the students' attention toward the ____________.

teacher

FLPBS Rtl:B is a _____________-tiered framework.

three

A 6-year-old child will tend to overestimate his or her abilities.

true

True/False A risk of using a rigid ability grouping system is that poor and minority students are likely to be tracked into an inferior educational experience.

true

True/False A self-fulfilling prophecy means that if a teacher expects little from students, the teacher is likely to get little.

true

True/False A well-planned lesson is a deterrent to misconduct.

true

True/False According to Maslow, everyone has an innate desire to achieve self-actualization.

true

True/False Consequences should be logical and proportional.

true

True/False Kohlberg believed that moral development occurs in a specific sequence of stages.

true

True/False Preschoolers want to take actions that assert themselves.

true

True/False Students in the action zone usually get most of the teacher's attention.

true

True/False Successful classroom managers know how to stop misconduct before it starts.

true

True/False Teachers' classroom management plans should be built upon and support the Tier 1 behavior expectations.

true

True/False The hidden curriculum reflects middle-class values and behaviors.

true

True/False Tier 1 supports are applied to all students.

true

True/False To convey high expectations to low achievers, a teacher should set challenging, but attainable, performance standards.

true

True/False When within-class ability groups are used, frequent reassessment should take place as students' progress.

true

rue/False According to Maslow, a student will have difficulty learning if deficiency needs have not been satisfied.

true

According to Erikson, an infant whose basic physical needs are met and who feels loved and secure will develop feelings of _________________.

trust

A teacher who redirects an off-task student when the teacher's attention appears to be focused elsewhere is exhibiting _________________.

withitness