Full Final Exam
Voters can rely on interest groups for All these answers are correct. directions for supporting a specific candidate. education on specific issues. candidate ratings.
all these answers are correct
Which of the following occupations tend to organize into interest groups? professionals, such as doctors and lawyers veterans blue-collar workers All these answers are correct.
all these answers are correct
Which of the following has had the greatest impact on the relationship between the federal and state governments? amendments to the U.S. Constitution block grants acts of Congress use of force by the U.S. president
amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Foreign policy is generally guided by the assumption that nation-states act in a world that is somewhat anarchic. None of these answers is correct. peaceful. controlled.
anarchic
The right to a fair trial prevents people from being charged with multiple offenses for a single criminal act. incriminating themselves. going to trial without legal counsel. being tried for the same crime twice.
being tried for the same crime twice.
The National Security Council serves to None of these answers is correct. coordinate the implementation of policy among various government agencies. both advise the president on defense and foreign policy matters and coordinate the implementation of policy among various government agencies. advise the president on defense and foreign policy matters.
both advise the president on defense and foreign policy matters and coordinate the implementation of policy among various government agencies.
Inducements to join an interest group, such as hotel or retail discounts, are considered solidary incentives. free riding. economic incentives. purposive incentives.
economic incentives.
The belief that groups representing wealthy corporations have a large influence on political decisions arises from liberalist theory. rationalist choice theory. pluralist theory. elite theory.
elite theory.
The U.S. president has the power to change the law. interpret the law. enforce the law. make rules and regulations about the law.
enforce the law
Tools of foreign policy include the presidential will to act. powers granted under the Fourteenth Amendment. military power. None of these answers is correct.
military power
Although the Clinton administration seems to have been aware of the threat posed by terrorists and made the neutralization of Al Qaeda a priority, the administration could not agree on how best to respond to the threat, indicating a failure of problem recognition. policy evaluation. agenda setting. policy formation. policy adoption.
policy formation
Game theory is built on the assumption that None of these answers is correct. states act irrationally. states act rationally in their self-interest. the world is chaotic and unpredictable.
states act rationally in their self-interest.
Advocates of which of the following political ideologies would support increasing the economic "safety net?" socialists and liberals liberals and conservatives libertarians and socialists conservatives and libertarians
socialists and liberals
A poll on an Internet site where any visitor can vote for or against a president's policy is an example of a(n) straw poll. push poll. tracking poll. exit poll.
straw poll
Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether a law discriminates against Americans of Italian origin? heightened scrutiny strict scrutiny All the answers are correct. ordinary scrutiny
strict scrutiny
All of the following are considered social networks EXCEPT sororities. study groups. clubs and fraternities. sports teams. interest groups.
study groups
Which of the following is NOT a benefit to incumbency? name recognition franking privileges casework more federal campaign financing fund-raising advantages
more federal campaign financing
The constellation of military, economic, and ideological concerns about security constitute what policymakers refer to as a country's national interests. dilemma. legacy. promise.
national interests
The authors of the Declaration of Independence viewed life, liberty, and property as divine rights. a social contract. natural law. natural rights.
natural rights.
Voter registration is a primary activity of the national party organization. of the state party organization. of the local party organization. None of these answers is correct; voter-registration efforts are usually contracted out.
of the local party organization.
In 2007, the Supreme Court found that stringent gun control laws in Washington, D.C. violated states' rights. the right to due process. the right to bear arms. freedom of expression.
the right to bear arms
Journalists frequently use sports metaphors to describe politics and are particularly apt to compare elections to football. baseball. tennis. horseracing. boxing.
horseracing
What type of government is a democracy? a constitutional form of government a totalitarian form of government All the answers are correct. an authoritarian form of government
a constitutional form of government
The gender gap has been a significant factor in every American presidential election since 1980. 1920. 2000. 1796.
1980
In which year did the Supreme Court establish the right of an individual to engage in consensual sexual activities with a same-sex partner? 1992 2002 2009 1973
2002
________ is a strong party organization that maintains control by exchanging votes for favors. Patronage The civil service A political machine A steering committee None of these answers is correct.
A political machine
Under what circumstance could evidence collected by law enforcement officers be used in court? All the answers are correct. if a search warrant issued had a typo if the evidence was found in a public park if the evidence could be seen through a car window
All the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements about the U.S. court system is LEAST accurate? If a diversity suit is begun in a federal court, the case cannot be transferred to a state court. American citizens who are found guilty by a state court may ultimately appeal their case before the Supreme Court. Cases involving citizens from separate states may be begun in either a state court system or in the federal court system. American citizens who are found guilty in a federal court may appeal the decision in their state court system. The United States possesses a "dual court system," placing citizens under the jurisdiction of both state and national courts. 94.Award: 0 out of 1.00 point
American citizens who are found guilty in a federal court may appeal the decision in their state court system.
Which president is most associated with a defense of patronage and the ability of the common citizen to perform any government function? Franklin Roosevelt Andrew Jackson James Garfield George Washington Bill Clinton
Andrew Jackson
Which of the following statements about the early history of the Supreme Court is most accurate? Appointments to the Supreme Court initially carried such little prestige that many appointees declined to accept their seats. The Supreme Court was created largely because the American people demanded a national court to preserve their liberties. From its first year, the Supreme Court was inundated with landmark cases. The Supreme Court was one of the few effective national institutions to originate under the Articles of Confederation. John Marshall was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Appointments to the Supreme Court initially carried such little prestige that many appointees declined to accept their seats.
Which of the following statements about external support for federal bureaucracies is LEAST accurate? As elements of the executive branch, federal agencies have no need to maintain a good relationship with Congress. Federal agencies find it imperative to maintain good relations with the constituency they are supposed to see or regulate. Federal agencies have found that they can wield more power if they maintain a favorable public image. Federal agencies try to cultivate cordial, good relations with the president. Federal agencies must be wary of the media, because its tendency to report negative stories might harm their standing.
As elements of the executive branch, federal agencies have no need to maintain a good relationship with Congress.
Which of the following statements about the U.S. district court system is LEAST accurate? District courts require trials by jury. District courts provide an entryway into the federal court system. District courts are much more likely to follow existing legal precedent than to establish new ones. Every district court serves in only one state. There is no state that does not have its own district court.
District courts require trials by jury.
Which of the following presidents suspended the writ of habeas corpus, the right protecting an individual in custody from being held without trial? Richard Nixon Bill Clinton Barack Obama George W. Bush
George W. Bush
Which of the following statements about American health care is LEAST accurate? As of 2008, approximately 17 percent of the American population was going without health-care insurance. The Massachusetts universal health-care plan makes affordable insurance available to all but does not exact a penalty on those who choose not to purchase it. In order to compete with foreign businesses, some American employers are reducing or eliminating health-care benefits. Congressional legislation passed in 2010 requires individuals to buy health insurance. Governors and state legislators unanimously supported the 2010 health-care legislation, especially the requirement that all individuals obtain health coverage.
Governors and state legislators unanimously supported the 2010 health-care legislation, especially the requirement that all individuals obtain health coverage.
Which of the following landmark cases established the right to privacy? Lemon v. Kurzman Griswold v. Connecticut Roe v. Wade Texas v. Johnson
Griswold v. Connecticut
Which of the following statements about ownership of the media is LEAST accurate? Control of media outlets is being increasingly concentrated into the hands of a small number of corporations. In the United States, the government does not own or control any major news outlets. Even some reporters feel that the profit motive in present-day journalism leads newsmakers to jump to conclusions before the facts are in, in order to "outscoop" their competitors. Some critics fear that corporate domination of the media leads to news that is meant to entertain rather than to inform. In many democracies, the government owns all or many of the major news outlets.
In the United States, the government does not own or control any major news outlets.
Which of the following is NOT generally one of the advantages incumbents wield over challengers? Incumbents are able to keep themselves in the public eye by making periodic public announcements or initiating new policies. Incumbents are more likely to be able to hide their political leanings to attract a broader base. Donors tend to contribute more money to incumbents, who seem like a safer bet than challengers. Incumbents are able to pull the strings of government to win the favor of individual constituents. Incumbents can send mail to their constituents at the government's expense.
Incumbents are more likely to be able to hide their political leanings to attract a broader base.
Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt's "court-packing" proposal is most accurate? It was unconstitutional, because the Constitution stipulates that the Supreme Court should consist of exactly nine justices. It inspired a judicial backlash which effectively brought the New Deal era to an end. It would have forced every Supreme Court justice over the age of seventy to retire or face impeachment proceedings. It was accepted by the majority of Congress as a reasonable means of countering the entrenched conservatism of the Supreme Court. It succeeded in increasing judicial support for Roosevelt's New Deal programs.
It succeeded in increasing judicial support for Roosevelt's New Deal programs.
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court first used the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to find a law discriminating against women unconstitutional. Minor v. Happersett Craig v. Boren Reed v. Reed U.S. v. Virginia
Reed v. Reed
The most powerful figure in the House of Representatives is the president pro tempore. Speaker of the House. minority whip. majority leader. majority whip.
Speaker of the House.
Which of the following statements about American budgetary deficits is most accurate? The 2009 deficit was just under 11 percent of GDP, the largest since WWII. Foreign investors are legally prohibited from purchasing U.S. securities. The government currently spends over half of its revenue paying interest on its debt. Over the past thirty years, the deficit has risen sharply when Democrats controlled the White House and dropped precipitously when Republicans controlled it. Treasury bonds are increasingly difficult to sell, as they provide low returns, and the government has defaulted on them repeatedly in the past forty years.
The 2009 deficit was just under 11 percent of GDP, the largest since WWII.
Which of the following statements about government regulation of broadcast media is LEAST accurate? The FCC can fine networks for airing material the commission regards as indecent. The FCC requires that stations grant equal time to political candidates during election time. With the proliferation of media outlets, the FCC has abolished the fairness doctrine that once shaped the way broadcasters had to present the news. For several decades, the FCC required that broadcasters air all sides of a political controversy. The FCC regulates only the content of broadcast media, not the ownership of broadcast media outlets.
The FCC regulates only the content of broadcast media, not the ownership of broadcast media outlets.
Which theoretical perspective has the Obama administration used to define its national security and foreign policies? foreign policy idealism realism foreign policy liberalism The Obama administration does not seem tied to any one theoretical perspective. neoconservatism
The Obama administration does not seem tied to any one theoretical perspective
Which of the following statements about American involvement in World War I is most accurate? Despite the heavy demands of fighting the war, the United States refused to implement a draft, choosing instead to rely on an all-volunteer army. American involvement in World War I was part of a long tradition of American intervention in European wars. Recognizing the need for an international peacekeeping organization, the United States became a charter member of the League of Nations at the end of World War I. American involvement in World War I ushered in a new era in which American citizens had little stake and took little interest in foreign affairs. The United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles that Wilson had helped to negotiate to end World War I.
The United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles that Wilson had helped to negotiate to end World War I.
What is the most likely reason a candidate for the office of Texas governor would receive half a percent fewer votes than an exit poll predicts? The exit poll used quota sampling. The exit poll had a one-percent margin of error. The exit poll was conducted using non-random sampling. The exit poll was conducted by a news agency rather than by Gallup.
The exit poll had a one-percent margin of error.
What legal argument was used by the city of Washington, D.C. to support its stringent gun control laws? The right to bear arms only applies to militias. The right to bear arms is outdated and should be revoked. The right to bear arms applies only to individuals. The right to bear arms should only be activated in cases of national emergency.
The right to bear arms only applies to militias.
Which of the following can be said about amendments to the U.S. Constitution? They often contradict earlier amendments. They are numerous. They rarely have an effect. They are difficult to ratify.
They are difficult to ratify.
Which of the following statements about welfare in the United States is LEAST accurate? Which of the following statements about welfare in the United States is LEAST accurate? Despite the name, not everyone who qualifies for an entitlement program is entitled to receive benefits; the determination is made by the availability of funding during the time period in which benefits are applied for. The 1960s witnessed an increase in welfare programs with the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid, among other initiatives. In the 1990s the principal program for aiding poor families, AFDC, was reformed to impose work requirements and time limits on recipients. Currently, states distribute welfare to needy citizens from funds the states receive from federal block grants. Federal welfare was largely nonexistent before the Great Depression, and poverty was addressed primarily by local governments and private charities. The 1960s witnessed an increase in welfare programs with the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid, among other initiatives. In the 1990s the principal program for aiding poor families, AFDC, was reformed to impose work requirements and time limits on recipients. Currently, states distribute welfare to needy citizens from funds the states receive from federal block grants. Federal welfare was largely nonexistent before the Great Depression, and poverty was addressed primarily by local governments and private charities.
Which of the following statements about welfare in the United States is LEAST accurate? Despite the name, not everyone who qualifies for an entitlement program is entitled to receive benefits; the determination is made by the availability of funding during the time period in which benefits are applied for. The 1960s witnessed an increase in welfare programs with the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid, among other initiatives. In the 1990s the principal program for aiding poor families, AFDC, was reformed to impose work requirements and time limits on recipients. Currently, states distribute welfare to needy citizens from funds the states receive from federal block grants. Federal welfare was largely nonexistent before the Great Depression, and poverty was addressed primarily by local governments and private charities.
Which of the following Latino Americans is most likely to vote for a Democrat? a Brazilian American a Mexican American a Puerto Rican American All are equally likely to vote for a Democrat.
a Puerto Rican American
The U.S. Postal Service, which was created by Congress and which reinvests its profits into itself rather than distributing them among shareholders, is an example of a line organization. a proxy administration. a government-sponsored enterprise. an independent regulatory agency. a government corporation.
a government corporation.
Visible trends in the mass media today include all of the following EXCEPT a decrease in the number of entities that own traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio stations, and television channels. declining newspaper circulation and readership. the rise of narrowcasting, or programs targeted at a small segment of the population. declining interest in traditional media on the part of young Americans. a lack of interest in using new communication technologies to engage in politics.
a lack of interest in using new communication technologies to engage in politics.
Which of the following descriptions best captures popular attitudes toward the Senate in the late nineteenth century? a source of progressive, even radical, policy initiatives a powerless body that placidly rubber-stamped presidential initiatives a millionaire's club representing the interests of party bosses and big business a group of nonpartisan, deliberative elder statesmen the government body most in tune with the will of the American people
a millionaire's club representing the interests of party bosses and big business
Though the roots of tensions in the Middle East are numerous, complex, and not easily resolved, ________ might go a long way toward diffusing tension in the region. blocking further Jewish immigration a solution to the continuing dispute over the establishment of a permanent Palestinian state None of these answers is correct. regime change in Iran
a solution to the continuing dispute over the establishment of a permanent Palestinian state
The lawmaking procedure that prevails today may involve all of the following steps EXCEPT testimony from relevant executive agents and special interest groups. convening a committee to reconcile differences between House and Senate versions of the bill. a two-thirds vote on the floor of both chambers before any piece of legislation can be sent to the president to sign. a proposal from the White House to develop a certain piece of legislation. consideration of a proposed bill by a committee (and, probably, a subcommittee).
a two-thirds vote on the floor of both chambers before any piece of legislation can be sent to the president to sign.
The president provides economic leadership through appointment of the Federal Reserve Board and its chair. by regulating banking. by setting goals. All the answers are correct.
all the answers are correct
Which of the following tactics were used to press the government to pass civil rights legislation in the second half of the twentieth century? the formation of interest groups appealing to the federal court system civil disobedience All the answers are correct.
all the answers are correct
"Neoconservatism" contends that in the wake of the September 11th attacks, America would All these answers are correct. work to democratize the greater Middle East as a long-term solution to terrorist problems. act alone, if necessary. have to launch periodic preventive wars to defend itself against rogue states and terrorists.
all these answers are correct
Pluralist theory ignores the social classifications of umbrella interest groups. All these answers are correct. the policymakers to be influenced. interest group members.
all these answers are correct
Realignment elections are the result of All these answers are correct. a shift in the agenda and constellation of issues that win voters' support. a shift in the ideological orientation of the party. major events that trigger a prolonged change in party control of the institutions of government. long-term changes in the parties' demographic composition.
all these answers are correct
Presidents can designate other advisors to cabinet rank. Typically, these would include the national security advisor. the director of the Office of Management and Budget. both the national security advisor and the director of the Office of Management and Budget. the president's personal attorney.
both the national security advisor and the director of the Office of Management and Budget.
As president during the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln could rely on a safely partisan press to support his policies. successfully courted the majority of Union journalists into supporting his views. contended that the freedom of the press was more important than the preservation of the Union. viewed the press as a distraction that was best ignored. censored war-related news and imprisoned editors.
censored war-related news and imprisoned editors.
Committees that are convened to reconcile differences between Senate and House versions of the same bill before sending the bill to the president are known as conference committees. steering committees. joint committees. standing committees. select committees.
conference committees.
A person who attends church regularly is more likely to be conservative. liberal. politically active. politically apathetic.
conservative
Between 1789 and 1932, when the federal government enacted laws that states claimed infringed on their powers, state governments often threatened to secede from the Union. Congress imposed federal law through the use of military force. U.S. presidents worked closely with state governors to reach a compromise. courts typically found in favor of the states.
courts typically found in favor of the states.
Ronald Reagan's policy of supply-side economics focused on increasing government spending in order to stimulate the economy. providing government subsidies to private businesses that met certain regulatory standards. decreasing industrial regulation so that companies could sell goods more cheaply. putting Keynesian principles into actual practice. raising taxes to combat excessive inflation.
decreasing industrial regulation so that companies could sell goods more cheaply.
The term logrolling refers to the congressional practice of killing a bill before members have had the opportunity to vote on it. exchanging votes among congressional members for mutual benefit. granting a majority of seats on each committee to the party with the majority of members. expediting an end to debate on a controversial bill and forcing an early vote. redrawing districts to benefit the party in power.
exchanging votes among congressional members for mutual benefit.
When presented with a bill, the president can respond in all of the following ways EXCEPT leaving the bill unsigned, in which case it will become a law after ten days. signing the bill as it is into law. exercising a pocket veto, whereby the president leaves the bill unsigned for ten days, in which case the bill dies if Congress goes out of session before those ten days expire. exercising a line-item veto, whereby the president agrees to certain provisions of the bill, but crosses out others. vetoing the bill directly, in which case the bill is sent back to Congress for reconsideration.
exercising a line-item veto, whereby the president agrees to certain provisions of the bill, but crosses out others.
Which social agents tend to reinforce political values individuals already hold? friends teachers parents political leaders
friends
The tools by which modern presidential administrations control their image include all of the following EXCEPT: issuing frequent press releases, which clearly enunciate the reasoning behind presidential policy. briefing the president on potential questions before a conference and limiting reporters to only one follow-up question. calling on members of the press corps who are known to throw out softball questions. floating "trial balloons" to test the public response to an issue before making a wholehearted commitment about it. giving low-level members of the administration wide latitude to interact with the press and offer various, even competing, explanations of the president's policies.
giving low-level members of the administration wide latitude to interact with the press and offer various, even competing, explanations of the president's policies.
In the Near case, the Supreme Court ruled that hate speech and fighting words constitute a clear and present danger. obscenity was not protected by the First Amendment. artistic, literary, political, or scientific works that include obscenity are protected by the First Amendment. government officials could exercise prior restraint only when there was a threat to public safety or in cases involving obscenity.
government officials could exercise prior restraint only when there was a threat to public safety or in cases involving obscenity.
Political socialization impacts all of the following except whether a person reads the newspaper every day. what a person thinks about the opposite sex. what party a person votes for. how well a person gets along with others.
how well a person gets along with others.
In which of the following instances is the Supreme Court most likely to agree to hear a case? if the case consists primarily of a dispute over facts if the case involves an issue that has received little attention from the lower courts if the case involves an issue that has been hotly debated in the lower courts if the case involves an issue over which the Court is internally divided if the case does not involve a weighty issue of jurisprudence
if the case involves an issue that has been hotly debated in the lower courts
When Maya and Miguel portrays a Mexican-American girl making a new friend in an ethnically diverse neighborhood, the media is shaping the national agenda. skewing individuals' perceptions of political goals. imparting political norms and values to individuals. educating individuals about policy issues.
imparting political norms and values to individuals.
A governmental unit, like the Social Security Administration, that has special responsibilities but is not part of any cabinet department is known as a(n) government-sponsored enterprise. government corporation. line organization. independent executive agency. independent regulatory agency.
independent executive agency.
The Troubled Asset Relief Program was designed to put money into the hands of homeowners in threat of foreclosure. stabilize interest rates. infuse money to help stabilize the banking system. purchase large insurance companies deemed "too big to fail." purchase large amounts of foreclosed homes on behalf of owners that could not pay adjustable-rate mortgages.
infuse money to help stabilize the banking system.
Based on Article IV of the U.S. Constitution, a same-sex marriage contract issued by one state is not legally binding in any state except the state that issued the contract. is legally binding only in states that have passed their own laws allowing same-sex marriage. is legally binding in all other states. is legally binding only in other states with which the state has an interstate compact.
is legally binding in all other states.
If police officers gather evidence illegally, it can be used against the defendant in any court in any state. it can used in court in some states, but not others. it can be used in state courts, but not in federal courts. it cannot be used in any court or in any state.
it cannot be used in any court or in any state.
The establishment of the United Nations and the Marshall Plan are both most fully aligned with the principles of which school of foreign policy? neoconservatism game theory idealism liberalism realism
liberalism
A case can NOT proceed directly to the Supreme Court from which of the following types of courts? Court of International Trade a given state's highest court of appeals local trials court U.S. Federal Court of Appeals Court of Claims
local trials court
What type of government(s) carries out U.S. government policies? state government only local, state, and federal governments the federal government only state and federal governments only
local, state, and federal governments
What is earned media? attack ads launched against an opponent in response to his or her own negative campaign media attention a candidate receives because of a recent action or announcement advertising a candidate pays for out of general party funds free airtime candidates must receive from networks that give airtime to their opponents the right to an exclusive interview, which a candidate provides to a network in return for friendly coverage
media attention a candidate receives because of a recent action or announcement
Which of the following factors is LEAST responsible for the predominance of just two parties in the American political system? popular satisfaction with limited electoral choices electoral finances state laws governing elections election rules popular distrust of ideological extremism
popular satisfaction with limited electoral choices
The official military policy adopted by the Bush administration that permits the use of force to prevent hostile acts by our enemies even if we are uncertain about the time and place of the enemy attack is called deterrence. counter-balance. plausible deniability. preemption.
preemption
Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to pressure from constituents. the opportunity for extensive media publicity. moral pleas. the efforts of party organizations.
pressure from constituents.
Which of the following is an indirect method of influencing public policy used by interest groups? litigation public outreach expert testimony at congressional hearings working with a congressional staff to craft legislation
public outreach
Which of the following is an indirect method of influencing public policy used by interest groups? litigation public outreach working with a congressional staff to craft legislation expert testimony at congressional hearings
public outreach
The individual in a group who does not contribute to the group but enjoys the benefits of it is providing evidence to support what theoretical perspective? pluralist elite rational choice free rider
rational choice
According to the authors, ________ is one of the most venerable and persistent models used by foreign policy professionals. interdependence liberalism internationalism realism
realism
The White House Office is primarily focused on All the answers are correct. maintaining the president's popularity among the people. enforcement of federal laws enacted by Congress. seeing that the president's policies are enacted into law.
seeing that the president's policies are enacted into law.
The Executive Office of the President allows the president to establish new federal agencies at the president's discretion. fire civil servants without cause in order to make room for political appointees. bypass a given agency in order to facilitate policy implementation. submit a proposal for bureaucratic realignment to Congress. dissolve federal agencies at the president's discretion.
submit a proposal for bureaucratic realignment to Congress.
The singular issue that defines American national security policy today is presidential mismanagement of foreign policy. the United Nations crisis. changes in Russia. terrorism.
terrorism
The first constitution of the United States was called the Articles of Confederation. the Constitution. the Declaration of Independence. the Rights of Man.
the Articles of Confederation.
The Roosevelt Corollary was used primarily to justify American military interventions in Eastern Europe. the South Pacific. the Caribbean. Southeast Asia. the Mediterranean.
the Caribbean.
Which of the following established a standard of equality in employment opportunity on the basis of race, national origin, religion, and gender? the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the Equal Rights Amendment the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the Bradwell case
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Young people get most of their political information from the Internet, and especially from social network sites like Myspace and Facebook. magazines. television. newspapers. radio.
the Internet, and especially from social network sites like Myspace and Facebook.
Congress has all the following powers EXCEPT the authority to raise and support armies. the authority to conduct war. the authority to declare war. the authority to make rules regulating military conduct.
the authority to conduct war.
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court claimed that separate but equal facilities did not disregard the equal protection clause. the Voting Rights Act of 1965. the commerce clause. the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
the equal protection clause.
Which of the following would be most likely to influence an individual's political views? None of these would be particularly influential. the president of the U.S. a friend from school a colleague from work
the president of the U.S.
The chief distinction between defense policy specifically and foreign policy generally is that the former emphasizes measures intended to protect American life and property within the country's own borders. all measures for protecting America's vital interests. maintaining peace through foreign economic aid programs. the strategic use of military force. the need for active diplomacy to prevent armed conflict.
the strategic use of military force.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Asian Americans' civil rights? They do not fully enjoy the protection of the Bill of Rights. They are not well represented in top positions despite high education levels. They do not have equal access to educational opportunities. They are over-represented in leadership positions as a result of high education levels.
they are not well represented in top positions despite high education levels
Most people in the United States live under the jurisdiction of one government. three or more governments. no government. two governments.
three or more governments.
Which of the following acts is not protected by the First Amendment? burning the American flag All the answers are correct. booing down a government official throwing a rotten tomato at a performer
throwing a rotten tomato at a performer
College students are _______ as likely to participate in an interest group as 19-23 year olds who do not attend college. twice four times half equally
twice
Which of the following elements is not central to the government created by the U.S. Constitution? separation of powers supremacy of the federal government unicameral legislature dual sovereignty of central and regional governments
unicameral legislature
In response to what event does the U.S. government most often curtail civil liberties? economic crisis rapid technological advances natural disasters war
war
The president's power as leader of his political party is authorized in the Constitution. was first witnessed during George Washington's presidency. was significantly expanded by populist Andrew Jackson. All the answers are correct.
was significantly expanded by populist Andrew Jackson.
Freedom of speech can be silenced when it is highly likely that immediate harm will result from the speech. when the speech has a tendency to incite crime or disturb the public peace. when the speech is unpopular. under no circumstances.
when it is highly likely that immediate harm will result from the speech.
Which of the following groups is most likely to vote? young whites young Latinos young African Americans young Asian Americans
young African Americans
Which of the following groups is most likely to participate in political protests? young whites young African Americans young Latinos young Asian Americans
young Latinos
John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy to guarantee American access to trade with India. Cuba. China. Japan. Africa.
China
Which of the following statements about the federal bureaucracy today is LEAST accurate? Modern presidents have been accused of hiding the true size of the federal bureaucracy by contracting many of its functions to private companies. Citizens are still attracted to party politics primarily in hopes of receiving a lucrative position in return. Instead of political appointments, today's parties promise their loyal supporters the implementation of specific policies. Although political patronage has changed significantly over the past 150 years, it has not disappeared. Each party forms alliances with different segments of the federal bureaucracy with which it shares policy goals.
Citizens are still attracted to party politics primarily in hopes of receiving a lucrative position in return.
Which federal agency was accused of creating a "culture of coziness" between senior agency officials and those they were charged with regulating? TSA BIA NSF FAA FCC
FAA
The United States currently has ________ active military personnel. 1 million 3 million 1.5 million 300,000
1.5 million
Native Americans were granted the rights of United States citizens in 1781. 1838. 1924. 1968.
1924
The percentage of Americans who belong to a voluntary group or organization is ________ percent. 20 60 40 80
80
Member agencies of the United States intelligence community include all of the following EXCEPT the Drug Enforcement Administration. the Department of Energy. the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Air Force Intelligence.
Air Force Intelligence.
How did 9/11 change young people's view of government and society? All the answers are correct. Trust in government increased. Volunteerism increased. Voter turnout increased.
All the answers are correct
Negative charges against a candidate decrease civic engagement among all voters. All the answers are correct. are more effective than positive messages. both inhibit voting and change voting outcomes.
All the answers are correct.
The condition(s) necessary for political participation is/are: People must be asked to participate. Participants must be interested in the political process. All the answers are correct. Citizens must have resources to participate.
All the answers are correct.
Third parties have not prospered because voters don't readily migrate from their family's party. All the answers are correct. the election laws and protocols disadvantage a third party. most issues are structured into having two sides.
All the answers are correct.
Which of the following procedure(s) establish checks and balances within the federal government? the presidential veto advice and consent judicial review All the answers are correct.
All the answers are correct.
Which of the following stipulations within the U.S. Constitution originally created an indirect democracy? the Connecticut Compromise All the answers are correct. the Three-Fifths Compromise the Electoral College
All the answers are correct.
National security policy must link ________ and military operations into a coherent framework for achieving our goals in the world. diplomatic intelligence economic All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
The traditional media All these answers are correct. are facing more competition and declining consumption. often influence what issues should be placed on the national agenda. determine what stories are newsworthy. interpret the motives of political officials.
All these answers are correct.
Which of the following statements about international instances of carbon dioxide emissions is most accurate? The United States produces more carbon dioxide than all the members of the European Union combined. The United States produces over three times as much carbon dioxide as the entire continent of Africa. The developing world produces nearly as much carbon dioxide as the developed world and will probably produce significantly more fifteen years from now. The per capita rate of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States is roughly the same as that of Canada. Although the United States produces the most carbon dioxide globally, its per capita rate of carbon dioxide emission is in the midrange.
Although the United States produces the most carbon dioxide globally, its per capita rate of carbon dioxide emission is in the midrange.
Which of the following statements about political appointees is LEAST accurate? Political appointees usually only hold a position for a couple of years before moving on to other things. The president has the power to nominate approximately three thousand political appointees, most of whom must receive the Senate's approval. Political appointees are chosen not only on the basis of their managerial skills or expert knowledge but also for their ideological beliefs and proven loyalty to the president's party. Although women and minorities are regularly appointed to head less visible departments like HUD, prestigious positions such as Secretary of State or Secretary of Labor remain the exclusive preserve of white men. Political appointees generally fill positions in which they shape policy rather than positions in which they put the policy into actual effect.
Although women and minorities are regularly appointed to head less visible departments like HUD, prestigious positions such as Secretary of State or Secretary of Labor remain the exclusive preserve of white men.
What was the first successful challenge to the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court? Plessy v. Ferguson the Fourteenth Amendment Brown v. Board of Education the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Brown v. Board of Education
A bill can only become law over the president's veto by an act of All the answers are correct. the executive branch. the judiciary. Congress.
Congress
The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify American intervention in Cuba. India. Africa. Japan. China.
Cuba
All the following amendments EXCEPT the ________ had a significant impact on the power connection between the state and national governments. Fifteenth Fourteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth
Fifteenth
Current members of the "nuclear club" include all of the following EXCEPT Pakistan. China. Iran. France.
Iran
What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision? It maintained that the Supreme Court lacked the authority to prevent discrimination. It determined that discrimination on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It paved the way for the emancipation of African-American slaves. It denied African-American slaves the rights of citizens.
It denied African-American slaves the rights of citizens
Who formulated the idea that individuals have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property? Locke Rousseau Hobbes Newton
Locke
Which president is most closely associated with centralized federalism? Lyndon Johnson Nixon Clinton Reagan
Lyndon Johnson
In which case did the Supreme Court establish the principle of judicial review? McCulloch v. Maryland Dartmouth College v. Woodward Gibbons v. Ogden Barron v. Baltimore Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison
The case that established the Supreme Court's power to interpret the U.S. Constitution was McCulloch v. Maryland. Plessy v. Ferguson. Marbury v. Madison. Parker v. District of Columbia.
Marbury v. Madison.
Over the past twenty years, what shift has taken place in the U.S. population? Young people are making up an ever greater portion of the population. More people are living in the West and the South. The population in the continental United States has declined. More people are living in rural areas.
More people are living in the West and the South.
Policies that advanced during cooperative federalism included programs known collectively as the New Frontier. New Deal. Great Society. Contract with America.
New Deal
Why do changes in the ethnic and racial composition of a population impact who governs? Different demographic groups have different political values. Minorities tend to be more open-minded than majority populations. Population changes cause people to question their political beliefs. Ethnic and racial groups only vote for their own members.
Population changes cause people to question their political beliefs.
Which event best showcased the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation? Shays's Rebellion the Annapolis Convention the Siege of Yorktown the Newburgh Conspiracy
Shays's Rebellion
Joseph "Uncle Joe" Cannon was an example of an exceptionally powerful turn-of-the-century president. state governor. Speaker of the House. chief justice. senator.
Speaker of the house
Historically, what type of party system has the United States had? The United States has vacillated between a two-party and a three-party system. The United States has always had a multi-party system. The United States has vacillated between a one-party and a two-party system. The United States has had a two-party system.
The United States has had a two-party system.
Why does the entire nation benefit from a politically active populace? Members of Congress are more likely to consider the needs of the whole nation. The government can more effectively represent the views of all people. The level of political conflict drops on both the local and national levels. Rural communities receive more economic support when more individuals participate in politics.
The government can more effectively represent the views of all people.
Which of the following statements about presidents and the federal bureaucracy is LEAST accurate? Presidents who appoint officials primarily based on loyalty sometimes find that such appointments cause more harm than good. The president cannot fire the vast majority of bureaucrats, who hold protected civil service jobs. The president has the power to appoint thousands of federal bureaucrats. The president has the sole power to fire political appointees. The president has the sole power to fire heads of independent regulatory commissions.
The president has the sole power to fire heads of independent regulatory commissions.
Who was the first president to hold regular press conferences? Abraham Lincoln Ronald Reagan Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
How did the political attitudes of young people change following 9/11? Young people became more apathetic and less involved in politics. Young people believed that the government should be less involved in the economy. Young people felt more powerless and more cynical about political leaders. Young people's trust in and support for the government increased.
Young people's trust in and support for the government increased
For years before the 2008 election, which major reason did young people give for not voting? a lack of time to vote an inability to stay informed on the major issues a lack of belief that voting can have an impact a belief that government is not responsive to their needs an inability to secure voter registration
a belief that government is not responsive to their needs
A social contract is an agreement between a people and their leaders. two or more leaders. two or more social groups. an individual and a social group.
a people and their leaders
The inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution is a result of a compromise between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists. a victory of the Anti-Federalists. a victory of the large states. a compromise between the northern states and the southern states.
a victory of the Anti-Federalists
Congress is not powerless in opposing presidential powers related to defense and security; Congress can cut off funding for war. reject presidential requests for authority to commence hostile activities. expand or reject presidential requests for foreign aid. All these answers are correct.
all these answers are correct
Which of the following is not an example of a type of government in the United States? a municipal government a county government a school district an independent district
an independent district
To qualify as an entitlement, a program must be funded entirely by tax dollars. redistribute wealth into the hands of the needy. be funded jointly by the federal and state governments. be based, to some degree, on merit. be available to any qualified person for an unlimited time.
be available to any qualified person for an unlimited time.
Unlike European immigrants, Asian immigrants were for many years denied the right to practice their religion. become citizens. vote. work.
become citizens
Which of the following is NOT a direct form of political participation? running for office blogging on local politics working on a campaign voting
blogging on local politics
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) collects intelligence through human and electronic means. provides assessments of risk to the nation's security. both collects intelligence through human and electronic means and provides assessments of risk to the nation's security. None of these answers is correct.
both collects intelligence through human and electronic means and provides assessments of risk to the nation's security.
The roots of terrorism include extreme ideology. the lack of economic opportunity. both extreme ideology and the lack of economic opportunity. None of these answers is correct.
both extreme ideology and the lack of economic opportunity.
A term that expresses the notion that little is required of citizens beyond their cash is known as checkbook democracy BUYcotting voter fatigue consumer activism
checkbook democracy
The ________ describes a winning candidate at the top of the ticket who brings success to those lower on the ballot. political capital effect coattail effect paradox effect shirttail effect tandem effect
coattail effect
The practice of making a political or social statement with one's buying power is known as checkbook democracy free riders BUYcotting consumer activism
consumer activism
According to the text, two key strategic doctrines that guided United States military power during the Cold War period were isolationism and praetorianism. brinkmanship and neo-nationalism. containment and mutually assured destruction (MAD). None of these answers is correct.
containment and mutually assured destruction (MAD).
People who criticize interest groups often argue that interest groups represent too many diverse and conflicting interests. All these answers are correct. corrupt or appear to corrupt the government. are undemocratic organizations.
corrupt or appear to corrupt the government.
The president's role as chief executive is to determine how the bureaucracy will implement laws. promote bills in Congress. All the answers are correct. appoint Supreme Court justices.
determine how the bureaucracy will implement laws.
What influence do first-generation political activists identify as significant in motivating them to become involved in civic activity? friends school public policies e-school, the media, friends, and public policies the media
e-school, the media, friends, and public policies
The United Auto Workers is an example of a(n) economic interest group. umbrella organization. public interest group. ideological group.
economic interest group
The United Auto Workers is an example of a(n) public interest group. umbrella organization. economic interest group. ideological group.
economic interest group
When an interest group pays for a television advertisement that supports a political candidate, it is called public outreach. All these answers are correct. grassroots lobbying. electioneering.
electioneering.
The United States today is an example of a(n) confederal system. unitary system. federal system. bifederal system.
federal system
How many of the nine justices must vote to grant a writ of certiorari in order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court? nine four six one five
four
The mortgage finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are set up by and associated with the government but which act like private corporations that are primarily responsible to their shareholders, are examples of government-sponsored enterprises. proxy administrations. government corporations. independent regulatory agencies. line organizations.
government-sponsored enterprises.
Which of the following is not a presidential responsibility? party leader head of the judiciary commander-in-chief of the military chief legislator
head of the judiciary
Most of the actual drafting and review of legislation in Congress takes place in committees. when Congress is in recess. during visits to lawmakers' home states. in caucuses. behind closed doors.
in committees
The process by which political leaders use networks of friends and acquaintances to activate political participation is known as external political efficacy. None of the answers is correct. direct mobilization. indirect mobilization.
indirect mobilization.
The income of a citizen ________ his/her likelihood of voting. determines largely affects has no effect on lightly affects
largely affects
Which of the following groups lacks legal protection of equal access to employment, housing, and public accommodation? Latinos African Americans Americans with disabilities lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens
Most cases that begin in a state court system are resolved in U.S. district courts. that system (the state's system). specialty courts. U.S. appellate courts. the U.S. Supreme Court.
that system (the state's system).
Recruiting and training volunteers around election time is a primary activity of the None of these answers is correct; recruiting and training tasks are usually contracted out. local party organization. national party organization. state party organization.
local party organization
The International Monetary Fund is responsible for keeping international credit markets operating. is responsible for negotiating international trade agreements. is responsible for adjudicating international trade disputes. makes loans to help promote economic growth in developing nations. monitors compliance with existing international trade agreements.
makes loans to help promote economic growth in developing nations.
The State Department is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT managing United States military forces on foreign soil. leading and coordinating United States representation abroad. acting as the chief diplomatic arm of the United States Government. conveying United States foreign policy to foreign governments and international organizations.
managing United States military forces on foreign soil.
Which of the following MOST OFTEN influences whether children will become civically engaged? schools and religious institutions religious institutions and schools parents and schools parents and peers
parents and schools
Campaign contributions by interest groups often generate hope for the group's cause among its membership. guarantee the passage of legislation supported by the group. provide access to the policymaker by the group's lobbyists. attract negative media attention.
provide access to the policymaker by the group's lobbyists.
The Center for Science in the Public Interest is an example of a(n) public interest group. ideological group. umbrella organization. economic interest group.
public interest group.
Which of the following terms best describes yellow journalism? objective sensational investigative partisan adversarial
sensational
The heads of the departments of the executive branch may outvote the president in a meeting of the cabinet. appoint their successors. can override a president's decision. serve as an advisory board.
serve as an advisory board.
What part of the U.S. Constitution reserves all powers not delegated to the federal government to the state governments? Article VI the 10th Amendment Article II Article III
the 10th Amendment
Which of the following events was followed by a general increase in the public's trust of government? the 9/11 terror attack Hurricane Katrina None of the answers is correct. the BP oil spill
the 9/11 terror attack
Petitions for writs of certiorari are an important part of the process by which the president decides whom to appoint when a vacancy appears in the court. the Supreme Court decides which justice will author the majority's decision. the Supreme Court decides which cases to hear. the Senate decides whether or not to approve a presidential appointee to the Supreme Court. the Supreme Court decides whether the argument of a disputant in a given case has a strong factual basis.
the Supreme Court decides which cases to hear.
The central tenet of the Monroe Doctrine was that the United States would make no attempt to increase its own territorial holdings, and would prevent any other country from trying to seize new land. the United States would regard new European imperial activities in the Americas as a threat to American security. the United States would intervene on behalf of people who were struggling to prevent their liberties from being taken away by internal factions or outside threats. the United States would intervene in the affairs of any American nation whose internal disorder threatened regional stability. the United States would work closely with European powers to extend the blessings of republican government throughout the Americas.
the United States would regard new European imperial activities in the Americas as a threat to American security.
What radical principle lay behind the Declaration of Independence's premise that the people have a right to abolish a government? all men are equal no taxation without representation natural rights the consent of the governed
the consent of the governed
The primary goal of the first wave of the women's rights movement was to secure equal pay for equal work. the right to vote for women. due process for women. freedom from sexual harassment.
the right to vote for women.
What is one key issue over which modern liberals and conservatives differ? the role of the government the rule of law capitalism an emphasis on individual initiative
the role of the government
According to the text, the country that has the highest military spending (by a large margin) is the United States. France. Russia. China.
the united states
Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can only be ratified if approved by a two-thirds majority vote in Congress or three-fourths of state legislatures. three-fourths of state referendums. a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and the Senate. three-fourths of state legislatures or three-fourths of special state conventions.
three-fourths of state legislatures or three-fourths of special state conventions.
Which of the following is not necessarily a function of government in a democracy? to regulate the economy to socialize new generations to provide services to raise and spend money
to regulate the economy
What is the vice president's most important function? to appoint members of the judiciary to take over presidential responsibilities when the president travels abroad to serve as first in the line of succession to actively support legislation in the House
to serve as first in the line of succession
Voter turnout increases directly with employment status and wealth. True False
true
The world today (in terms of power and domination) is best described as a(n) bipolar world. unipolar world. non-polar world. tripolar world.
unipolar world
What type of government system do most countries have today? unitary system federal system confederal system bifederal system
unitary system
Which of the following constitute(s) direct political participation? running for office volunteering on a campaign volunteering on a campaign, running for office, and voting voting answering Internet political surveys
volunteering on a campaign, running for office, and voting
The condition in which voters simply grow tired of all candidates by the time Election Day arrives and may thus be less likely to vote is known as the saliency effect voter fatigue rational ignorance media saturation
voter fatigue
President George W. Bush's faith-based initiative was ended with the presidency of Barack Obama, who banned discriminatory practices by faith-based partners outright. was criticized on the campaign trail by Barack Obama, who then established a similar program once he became president. was praised on the campaign trail by Barack Obama, who then ended the program and prevented the establishment of any similar programs with an executive order. maintained a strict separation of church and state by preventing discriminatory practices by the faith-based partner groups. allowed faith-based groups to distribute aid to the poor, but did not allow them to make use of federal funding to do so.
was criticized on the campaign trail by Barack Obama, who then established a similar program once he became president.
