Functional Histology II--Final Exam Review
Striated muscle
All of the following are found in the fallopian tube EXCEPT: -Striated muscle -Smooth muscle -Connective tissue -Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Hair follicle is attached to smooth muscle
All of the following are true about hair EXCEPT: -Hair shaft has a keratin inner layer -Hair color is determined by melanocytes -Hair follicle is made up of epithelial cells -Hair follicle is attached to smooth muscle
Part of the immune system
All of the following are true about melanocytes EXCEPT: -Determine skin color -Located in the basal layer of the epidermis -Part of the immune system -Protect skin from solar radiation
Excised tissue is breadloafed before being paraffin processed
All of the following are typical characteristics of MOHS procedures EXCEPT: -Pathologist examines 100% of the excision margin -Excised tissue is breadloafed before being paraffin processed -MOHS excisions are more conservative than excisions for histology -The procedure is more efficient than standard histology procedures
Coronary artery
Below, which blood vessel has this type of wall structure? -inferior vena cava -aortic artery -femoral vein -coronary artery
Capillary endothelial cells, glomeruli basement membranes, podocytes
Blood undergoes a molecular filtering process in the renal corpuscles of the kidney. Choose the correct sequence of molecular filtration. -Capillary endothelial cells, glomeruli basement membranes, podocytes -Podocytes, glomeruli basement membranes, capillary endothelial cells -Glomeruli basement membranes, podocytes, juxtaglomerular cells -Juxtaglomerular cells, glomeruli basement membranes, podocytes
Grains with gluten
Celiac disease results from an allergic reaction to _______________. peanuts shellfish grains with gluten eggs
Type II pneumocyte cell (clara cells secrete surfactant in the bronchioles)
Choose the cell found in the alveolar wall that is responsible for secreting surfactant. -Type II pneumocyte cell -Goblet cell -Clara cell -Type I pneumocyte cell
Vitamin K
Commensal bacteria degrade residual food particles in the feces, thus aiding in the absorption of _____________ in the large intestine. iron vitamin K fibrin calcium
Letter A: cilia Letter B: submucosal serous glands Letter C: goblet cells Letter D: smooth muscle Letter E: cartilage Letter F: dense collagen Letter G: mucus cells Letter H: venule plexus
Considering all 3 slides, match the image letter code with its structure name. (goblet cells, cilia, submucosal serous glands, cartilage, venule plexus, dense collagen, smooth muscle, mucus cells) Letters A-H:
False (diminished levels of these hormones result in DILUTED urine and lower blood pressure)
Diminished levels of ADH, renin, and aldosterone results in the secretion of concentrated urine and promotes lowering of blood pressure. True or False
Speen
Dying red blood cells are detected and destroyed in the ___________. Fill in the blank. -tonsil -spleen -lymph node -peyer patch
True
Emphysema is characterized by damage to alveolar walls that impedes with gas exchange resulting in decreased oxygen in the blood and shortness of breath. True or False
False (restoration of intestinal villa from STEM cells)
A definitive diagnosis of celiac disease can be diagnosed after an extended period of time avoiding allergenic foods and restoration of intestinal villa by activated paneth cells. True or False
True (columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells and gastric surface cells)
A pathological finding of Barrett's esophagus is epithelial goblet cells. True or False
Barrett's esophagus
A patient has had uncontrolled chronic heartburn, and an esophageal biopsy reveals the epithelium seen in image 2. Based upon the patient's history and biopsy findings, the pathologist probably would diagnose ______________. -metastatic stomach adenocarcinoma -adenocarcinoma of the esophagus -benign, normal epithelium -Barrett's esophagus
-Early phase of the proliferative phase: A -Late phase of the proliferative phase: B -Early phase of the secretory phase: C -Late phase of the secretory phase: D
Above images show the different phase of endometrium during menstrual cycle. Please match the tissue section with its correct the menstrual phase: -Early phase of the proliferative phase: -Late phase of the proliferative phase: -Early phase of the secretory phase: -Late phase of the secretory phase:
Excessive alcohol consumption
According to the WebPath site, what is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States? -Viral induced hepatitis -Excessive alcohol consumption -Hemochromatosis -Bacterial induced hepatitis
True (colon & rectum glandular epithelium)
Adenocarcinomas arise from glandular epithelium. True or False
Stratum basale
From which skin epithelial layer arises melanoma? -Stratum Basale -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Corneum -Stratum Granulosum
Stratum granulosum
From which skin epithelial layer arises squamous skin carcinoma? -Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Basale -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Corneum
lymphoid tissue associated with the GI tract
G.A.L.T. refers to: -lymphoid tissue throughout the lymphatic system -lymphoid tissue associated with the large intestine -lymphoid tissue in the lungs -lymphoid tissue associated with the GI tract
Somatostatin
Gastrin is released when the stomach is full and is also regulated by another pyloric hormone known as ___________________. Pepsin Somatostatin Secretin CCK
Secretion of gastric acids
Gastrin secretion causes _______________. -secretion of defensins -secretion of pancreatic digestive juices -secretion of gastric acids -secretion of bile
Red pulp
Identify the area labeled A. -Vascular zone -White pulp -Red pulp -Thymic parenchyma
Lymphocytes
Identify the blood cells labeled "B" in image 2. lymphocytes red blood cells mast cells thrombocytes
Melanocytes cells
Identify the cells labeled "F" in image 3 (brown granules): Langerhan Cells Melanocytes Cells Basale Cells Merkel cells
Internal elastic lamina
Identify the distinct layer of elastic fibers labeled "Y". -internal elastic lamina -internal lamina propria -external elastic lamina -external lamina propria
Reticulum fibers
Identify the fibers stained black in image 1. -Glial fibers -Basement membranes -Elastic fibers -Reticulum fibers
Endothelial cell
Identify the flattened structure labeled "B" seen in image 2. -Kupffer cell -Endothelial cell -Stellate cell -Biliary cell
Langerhan Cells
Identify the large cells labeled "E" seen in image 3: Langerhan Cells Birbeck Cells Merkel cells Prickle cells
Melanoma
Identify the skin cancer. -Basal cell -Melanoma -Squamous cell
Hepatic venule
Identify the smaller vessel labeled "V" in image 1. -Hepatic vein -Hepatic arteriole -Hepatic portal vein -Hepatic venule
Brunner's gland
Identify the structure labeled "A" in slide 1. -Gastric gland -Peyer patch -Enterocyte gland -Brunner's gland
Peyer patch
Identify the structure labeled "C" in slide 2. -Gastric gland -Brunner's gland -Peyer patch -Enterocyte gland
VVG stain
Image 1 is stained with the: -van Gieson stain -Masson trichrome -Movat stain -VVG stain
Type I pneumocyte cell
In Slide 1, the respiratory cell labeled "B" is known as __________________. -Type II pneumocyte cell -Type I pneumocyte cell
Letter A: Cortex Letter B: Medulla Letter C: Papilla Letter D: Ureter Letter E: Hilum Letter F: Pelvis Letter G: Outer capsule
In image 1, match the image letter with its anatomic name: (hilum, outer capsule, pelvis, medulla, papilla, ureter, cortex) Letters A-G
Aneurysm
In image 2, the circled ruptured area ("B") is known as a(an) _______________. -area of stenosis -infarct -aortic plaque -aneurysm
True
In image 2, the proximal convoluted tubules can be identified by their PAS positive epithelial brush borders. True or False
PAS
In image 2, what kind of special stain is performed? Masson trichrome H&E PAS Azan stain
Prevent backflow of lymph fluid
In image one, what is the function of the structure labeled "A"? -push blood toward the heart -prevent backflow of lymph fluid -prevent backflow of blood
Stellate cells
In response to liver damage, what sinusoidal cells produce collagen? Endothelial cells Stellate cells Biliary cells Kupffer cells
G cells
In slide 2, the cells labeled "A" have stained positive with an antibody targeted for the hormone gastrin. These cells are known as ____________. -parietal cells -chief cells -G cells -peptic cells
Uterine leiomyoma
In the above image, the tissue section is from a removed uterus. The patient had irregular bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen. What is your diagnosis for this patient? -Uterine adenomyoma -Uterine leiomyoma -Endometriosis -Chocolate cyst
Hepatocyte
In the above image, what kind of cells is arrow B pointing to? Stellate cell Hepatocyte Endothelial cell Kupffer cell
Hepatic venule
In the above image, what structure is the arrow C pointing to? -Hepatic venule -Hepatic vein -Portal vein -Central canal
Both of simple columnar and stratified epithelium
In the above image, which types of epithelial tissue are presented? -Simple columnar epithelium -Stratified epithelium -Both of simple columnar and stratified epithelium -None of above
Letter A: capillaries Letter B: metarterioles Letter C: arterioles Letter D: arteriovenous shunt Letter E: venule
In the first image, blood travels from the vessel labeled "C" upwards to the vessel labeled "E". Match the Image Letter with the correct blood vessel. (venule, arterioles, capillaries, metarterioles, arteriovenous shunt) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C: Letter D: Letter E:
Letter A: Hepatocytes Letter B: Sinusoids Letter C: Portal vein Letter D: Hepatic arteriole Letter E: Bile ductule
In the first image, match the image letter with the correct structure. (bile ductule, hepatic arteriole, hepatocytes, sinusoids, portal vein) Letters A-E
Carotid
In the list below, choose the artery that has this wall anatomy. Cerebral Femoral Coronary Carotid
A to B, then to C
In the liver, blood flows from____ to ____. C to B, then to A A to B, then to C B to C C to B
True
In the lung, the air passages and vascular vessels diminish in size in a synchronized manner and closely intertwine as capillaries and alveoli sacs to allow gas exchange. True or False
Terminal bronchiole
In this image, the structure of C is: Bronchus Respiratory bronchiole Terminal bronchiole Alveoli duct
Elastin
In this image, which fiber is stained in black in the lung section by VVG stain? Smooth muscle Collagen Elastin Reticulin
Letter A: Epidermis Letter C: Dermis Letter E: Sweat gland Letter G: Sebaceous gland Letter I: Hair bulb
Letter A: Letter C: Letter E: Letter G: Letter I:
External elastic lamina
Likewise, identify the distinct layer of elastic fibers labeled "W". -external elastic lamina -external lamina propria -internal lamina propria -internal elastic lamina
True (M cells are a part of Peyer patches)
M cells sample luminal fluid for antigen material. True or False
Foam cells
Macrophages that accumulate large amounts of ingested lipid material are known as ___________. -foam cells -cholesterol crystals -plaques -myotic cells
Apocrine gland: skin with pubic hair Sweat gland: throughout our skin Sebaceous gland: along hair follicles
Match each gland of the skin with its anatomic location: (pubic hair, hair follicles, throughout skin) Apocrine gland: Sweat gland: Sebaceous gland:
Semi-liquid with strong odor: apocrine gland Salty liquid: sweat gland Oily lubricant: sebaceous gland
Match each gland of the skin with its secretion product: (sweat gland, apocrine gland, sebaceous gland) Semi-liquid with strong odor: Salty liquid: Oily lubricant:
Image 1: Sebaceous gland Image 2: Apocrine gland Image 3: Sweat gland
Match each image letter with the correct gland name: (apocrine, sweat, sebaceous) Image 1: Image 2: Image 3:
Small intestine/large intestine: ileo-cecal Espohogus/stomach: gastro-esophageal Stomach/small intestine: gastro-duodenal Large intestine/anal canal: recto-anal
Match the G.I. tract junction with its anatomic location. (ileo-cecal, recto-anal, gastro-esophageal, gastro-duodenal) Small intestine/large intestine: Espohogus/stomach: Stomach/small intestine: Large intestine/anal canal:
Fragmentation/digestion: stomach Feces elimination: recto-anal canal Completion of digestion: small intestine Ingestion/fragmentation: oral cavity Residual water absorption: large intestine
Match the G.I. tract segment with its primary digestive function. (stomach, small intestine, large intestine, oral cavity, recto-anal canal) -Fragmentation/digestion: -Feces elimination: -Completion of digestion: -Ingestion/fragmentation: -Residual water absorption:
Ileo-cecal junction: Villiform mucosa to absorptive glands Gastro-esophageal junction: Stratified squamous to secretory glands Gastro-duodenal junction: Secretory glands to villiform mucosa Rectal-anal junction: absorptive glands to stratified squamous
Match the GI tract junction and changes in mucosal linings: (ileo-cecal, recto-anal, gastro-esophageal, gastro-duodenal) Villiform mucosa to absorptive glands: Stratified squamous to secretory glands: Secretory glands to villiform mucosa: Absorptive glands to stratified squamous cells:
Letter A: small vein Letter B: arteriole Letter C: lymphatic vessel Letter D: nerve bundle
Match the Image Letter with its corresponding structure. (arteriole, nerve bundle, small vein, lymphatic vessel) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C: Letter D:
Letter A: tunica intima Letter B: tunica media Letter C: tunica adventitia
Match the Image letter with the correct blood vessel layer. (adventitia, intima, media) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C:
Letter B: sinoatrial node Letter C: atrioventricular node Letter I: bundle branches Letter K: purkinje fibers
Match the Image letter with the correct conduction system structure. (bundle branches, purkinje fibers, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node) Letter B: Letter C: Letter I: Letter K:
Dermis: Supportive collagen and elastic tissue Hypodermis: Body temperature regulation Epidermis: Protection against microorganisms
Match the Skin layer with its primary function (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis): -Supportive collagen and elastic tissue: -Body temperature regulation: -Protection against microorganisms:
Letter A: Esophagus Letter B: Stomach cardia Letter C: Stomach fundus Letter D: Body of stomach Letter E: Stomach pyloris Letter F: Pyloric sphincter Letter G: Duodenum
Match the anatomic structure/layer with the correct image letter. (cardia, fundus, esophagus, body, pyloris, pyloric sphincter, duodenum) Letter A-G:
proteolytic enzyme: proteins amylase: carbs lipases: lipids
Match the digestive enzyme with its targeted food type. (proteins, lipids, carbs) proteolytic enzyme: amylase: lipases:
Chymotrypsin action: luminal digestion Churning of the stomach wall: physical fragmentation Enterocyte absorption of nutrients: membrane-bound digestion Paneth cell secretion: destroys bacteria
Match the digestive tract function with an example. (membrane-bound digestion, destroys bacteria, physical fragmentation, luminal digestion) -Chymotrypsin action: -Churning of the stomach wall: -Enterocyte absorption of nutrients: -Paneth cell secretion:
Germinal cells: Stratum basale Prickle cells: Stratum spinosum Squamous cells: Stratus granulosum Keratin flakes: Stratum corneum
Match the epidermal layers with cells found in each layer: Germinal cells: Prickle cells: Squamous cells: Keratin flakes:
Entrap and move foreign particles: cilia Humidify inspired air: serous glands Warm inspired air: nasal venule plexus Sense of smell: olfactory cells Elasticity of the lungs: elastin Secrete surfactant: clara cells Physical support during inspiration: tracheal cartilage rings
Match the following cells/structures found in the respiratory tract with their function (cilia, clara cells, tracheal cartilage rings, nasal venule plexus, olfactory cells, elastin, serous glands) Entrap and move foreign particles: Humidify inspired air: Warm inspired air: Sense of smell: Elasticity of the lungs: Secrete surfactant: Physical support during inspiration:
Letter A: Zona glomerulosa Letter B: Zona fasciculata Letter C: Zona reticularis Letter D: Medulla
Match the image letter code with the correct anatomic layer name. (reticularis, medulla, fasciculata, glomerulosa) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C: Letter D:
Letter A: Afferent arteriole Letter B: Distal convoluted tubule Letter C: Macula densa cell Letter D: Lacis cells Letter E: Juxtaglomerular cells Letter F: Efferent arteriole Letter G: Bowman's capsule Letter H: Glomerulus
Match the image letter with its anatomic name. (bowman's capsule, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, juxtaglomerular cells, distal convoluted tubule, macula densa cells, lacis cells) Letters A-H
Letter A: Muscularis mucosae Letter B: Lamina propria Letter C: Lumen Letter D: Epithelium Letter E: Adventitia Letter F: M.P. longitudinal muscle Letter G: M.P. circular muscle Letter H: Submucosa Letter I: Lymphoid aggregate
Match the image letter with the correct anatomic layer/structure name: Note: "M.P." stands for muscularis propria. (adventitia, MP longitudinal muscle, MP circular muscle, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria, lumen, submucosa, lymphoid aggregate, epithelium) Letters A-I:
Letter "X" Islets of Langerhan Letter "Y" Septum with intralobular duct Letter "Z" Parenchyma of acinar cells
Match the image letter with the correct anatomic structure. (septum with intralobular duct, parenchyma of acinar cells, islets of Langerhan) Letter X: Letter Y: Letter Z:
Letter A: cholesterol crystals Letter B: hemorrhage Letter C: fatty plaque build-up Letter D: foam cells Letter E: calcium build-up
Match the image letters with their correct description: (hemorrhage, foam cells, calcium build-up, fatty plaque, cholesterol crystals) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C: Letter D: Letter E:
Image 1: ileo-cecal junction Image 2: gastro-duodenal junction Image 3: gastro-esophageal junc. Image 4: rectal-anal junction
Match the image slide with its junction name: (ileo-cecal, recto-anal, gastro-esophageal, gastro-duodenal) Image 1: Image 2: Image 3: Image 4:
Letter B: Papillary dermis Letter A: Epithelium Letter F: Hypodermis Letter H: Hair follicle
Match the letter with the correct skin layer or structure. Letter B: Letter A: Letter F: Letter H:
A: Stratum Basale B: Stratum Spinosum C: Stratus Granulosum D: Stratum Corneum
Match the letters seen in images 1 and 3 with the correct epidermal layer name: Letter A: Letter B: Letter C: Letter D:
Image 1: clear cell carcinoma Image 2: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Image 3: post-streptococcal glomerulonephrosis
Match the microscopic image with the correct disease. (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, clear cell carcinoma, post-streptococcal glomerulonephrosis) Image 1: Image 2: Image 3:
Image 1: Breast cancer Image 2: Fatty cirrhosis with nodular regeneration Image 3: Hemochromatosis with cirrhosis Image 4: Fatty cirrhosis
Match the microscopic image with the correct disease. (hemochromatosis, breast cancer, fatty cirrhosis, nodular regeneration) Image 1: Image 2: Image 3: Image 4:
Electrolyte balance: aldosterone Regulate glycolysis: cortisol Fight or flight response: adrenalin Male puberty changes: testosterone
Match the physiological process with its associated hormone: (aldosterone, adrenalin, cortisol, testosterone) Electrolyte balance: Regulate glycolysis: Fight or flight response: Male puberty changes:
Causes hair to stand erect: arrector pili muscles Cool skin surface to release body heat: sweat glands Lubricate hair follicles with sebum: sebaceous glands Site of hair growth: hair bulb Capillaries nourish epithelial cells: dermal papillae
Match the skin structure with its function: (sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, hair bulb, dermal papillae, sebaceous glands) Causes hair to stand erect: Cool skin surface to release body heat: Lubricate hair follicles with sebum: Site of hair growth: Capillaries nourish epithelial cells:
Slide 1: trachea Slide 2: bronchus Slide 3: nasal mucosa
Match the slide with its anatomic location: (nasal mucosa, trachea, bronchus) Slide 1: Slide 2: Slide 3:
Absorb nutrients: enterocytes Secrete protective mucin: goblet cells Immune defense: diffuse lymphocytes Secrete G.I. regulating hormones: neuroendocrine cells Replace worn villi mucosal cells: stem cells
Match the villi epithelial cells with their function. (neuroendocrine cells, diffuse lymphocytes, enterocytes, goblet cells, stem cells) Absorb nutrients: Secrete protective mucin: Immune defense: Secrete G.I. regulating hormones: Replace worn villi mucosal cells:
True
Multifunctional clara cells aide in healing damaged lung tissue and secrete antitoxin enzymes. True or False
Simple columnar
Name the epithelial lining seen in both slides. -Stratified squamous -Simple columnar -Simple cuboidal -Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Name the epithelial lining seen in slide 1. -Stratified squamous -Simple columnar -Simple cuboidal -Simple squamous
Simple columnar
Name the epithelial lining seen in slide 2. -Stratified squamous -Simple columnar -Simple cuboidal -Simple squamous
Prevent autodigestion
Name the function of the structure labeled "A" in slide 1. -further digest food -prevent autodigestion -immune defense -absorb minute food molecules
Immune defense
Name the function of the structure labeled "C" in slide 2. -immune defense -prevent autodigestion -further digest food -absorb minute food molecules
Letter A: epicardium Letter B: myocardium Letter C: endocardium
On the left-hand side of image 1, note the letters (AC). Match the image letter with the correct heart wall division. (myocardium, epicardium, endocardium) Letter A: Letter B: Letter C:
False (age 50)
Persons who do not have a family history of colon cancer, are encouraged to undergo a screening colonoscopy when they turn 60 years old. True or False
Epinephrine
Pheochromocytomas can cause one to feel constantly agitated due to excessive secretion of __________________. -adrenocorticotrophic hormone -epinephrine -aldosterone -thyroxin
All of the above
Pituitary adenomas can cause _________________. -Cushing's disease -Acromegaly and blindness -Blindness acromegaly -None of the above -All of the above
Postmenopausal endometrium
Please identify the type of endometrium in the above image. -Onset of endometrium -The proliferative endometrium -Postmenopausal endometrium -The secretory endometrium
Urethra: A Transition zone: B Central zone: D Peripheral zone: C
Please label the parts of the organ in the above image. Urethra: Transition zone: Central zone: Peripheral zone:
Alveoli
Please label the structure A: Bronchus Respiratory bronchiole Alveoli Terminal bronchiole
Tunica vaginalis: A Seminiferous tubules: B Rete testis: D Epididymis: E
Please label the tissue section in the above image: Tunica vaginalis: Seminiferous tubules: Rete testis: Epididymis:
Acid mucosal surface: protective defense system Basophils secrete histamine: innate immune system Vaccination for HBV: adaptive immune system
Please match the human immune defense system with the examples. (innate, protective, adaptive) Acid mucosal surface: Basophils secrete histamine: Vaccination for HBV:
Follicular phase: 1 Ovulation: 2 Luteal phase: 3 Luteal degeneration: 4
Please put the ovarian cycle in a right order: Follicular phase: Ovulation: Luteal phase: Luteal degeneration:
True (digestion by enterocytes in the small intestine)
Reconstituted triglycerides are absorbed in the lamina propria by lymphatic vessels known as lacteals and eventually enter the general circulation via the thoracic duct. True or False
Layer 1: epithelium Layer 2: laminar propria Layer 3: submucosa Layer 4: fibroelastic cartilage layer
Refer to slides 1 and 2. Match the image number code with the correct anatomic layer. (submucosa, epithelium, laminar propria, cartilage layer) Layer 1: Layer 2: Layer 3: Layer 4:
Cortex
Renal corpuscles of the nephron are found in what area of the kidney? Medulla Cortex Pelvis Papilla
True
Slide 1 depicts the lining found in the body of the stomach, and slide 2 is found in the pyloris area of the stomach. True or False
Duodenum
Slide 1 is a section of _____________. duodenum jejunum ileum cecum
True
Slide 1 suggests celiac disease and slide 2 is an adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. Celiac disease is characterized by loss of normal intestinal villi that causes multiple symptoms related to malabsorption of nutrients. True or False
Ileum
Slide 2 is a section of _____________. ileum rectum jejunum cecum
Diabetes Type I
Slide 3 depicts autoimmune insulinitis where lymphocytes are destroying an islet of Langerhan. This histological finding is typical of persons with ____________. -diabetes Type II -diabetes Type I
False (peyer patches are found in the ileum)
Some lymphoid follicles are similar to peyer patches found in the duodenum of the small intestine. True or False
True
Swallowing and involuntary peristaltic movement occur in the esophagus. True or False
Letter B
T cells and B cells are activated in which area of the tissue? Letter T Letter B Letter C Letter A
Early phase of the proliferative endometrium: A Late phase of the proliferative endometrium: B Early phase of the secretory endometrium: C Late phase of the secretory endometrium: D
The above images show the different phase of endometrium during menstrual cycle. Please match them with their correct phase: Early phase of the proliferative endometrium: Late phase of the proliferative endometrium: Early phase of the secretory endometrium: Late phase of the secretory endometrium:
False (Exocrine glands)
The acinar cells are endocrine glands. True or False
False (These cells produce, store, and secrete a wide range of digestive enzymes.)
The acinar cells labeled "B" secrete glucagon. True or False
Gastric pits
The anatomic structures labeled "B" in both images are known as ____________. -mucocilliary glands -gastric pits -villi -seromucous glands
Elastic fibers, smooth muscle and collagen
The area labeled "X" is composed of __________________ tissue. Fill in the blank. -elastic fibers and fibroblasts -smooth muscle and collagen -collagen and elastic fibers -elastic fibers, smooth muscle and collagen
Orth
The chromaffin cells turn black in _________ tissue fixative. Orth Zamboni B5 Bouin
Sudan black
The digested lipids are stained with ________________ in slide 2. -Sudan black -Iron hematoxylin -Osmium tetroxide -GMS
Blood vessels
The epidermis of skin contains all of the following EXCEPT: -Keratin -Melanin -Stem cells -Blood vessels
Spiral valve of Heister
The epithelial lining of the gallbladder cystic duct is known as ____________. -Sphincter of Oddi -Cystic nodule -Ampulla of Vater -Spiral Valve of Heister
False (monosaccharides)
The final digestive products, amino acids and polysaccharides, are absorbed in the small intestine and are transported to the liver by the portal vein. True or False
Villi
The fingerlike structures labeled "B" in both images are known as _____________. -crypts of Lieberkuhn -villi -lamina propria -plicae circularis
Alcian blue
The goblet mucus secreting glands in slide 2 are stained with _____________. -alcian violet -alcian blue -methylene blue -toluidine blue
Nephron
The main functional/structural unit of the kidney is called the: -Renal corpuscle -Ducts of Bellini -Glomerulus -Nephron
False (between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis PROPRIA)
The myenteric ganglion cluster innervates smooth muscle found in the muscularis mucosae layer of the G.I. tract wall. True or False
False (The pancreatic fluid, alkaline substrate of digestive enzymes, eventually drains onto the inner lining of the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. The alkalinity serves to neutralize stomach acids that drain into the small intestine.)
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes in an alkaline substrate to prevent auto-digestion of the pancreas and the ileum. True or False
True
The physiology of the nasal cavity lining helps warm and humidify inspired air and filter out dust particles from entering the lungs. True or False
Submucosa
The plicae circularis arises from the __________ layer of the small intestine and forms the villa ridges? -submucosa -lamina propria -muscularis mucosae -epithelial mucosa
False (bronchus cartilage are in the form of discontinuous plates)
The primary (largest) bronchi are surrounded by continuous rings of cartilage as found in the trachea. True or False
Absorption of nutrients
The primary function of the structures labeled "B" is _________________. -absorption of water -secretory -absorption of nutrients -protective
Absorptive/protective
The primary function of this epithelium is _________________. -absorptive -absorptive/protective -protective -secretory
True
The recto-anal canal (sphincter) is surrounded by skeletal muscle. True or False
False (does not support the hypodermis)
The reticular dermis consists of dense collagen and thick elastic fibers that supports the hypodermis. True or False
False (autonomic nervous system)
The somatic nervous system, stress and hormones affect peristalsis movement. True or False
Pie-shaped quadrant sectioning
The standard excision technique for MOHS surgery is: -Cross-sectioning -Peripheral sectioning -Pie-shaped quadrant sectioning -Bread-loafing and cross-sectioning
Interstitial part: A Isthmus: B Infundibulum: C
The tissue sections are taken from different parts of fallopian tube. Please match the tissue image with the part that they are taken. Interstitial part: Isthmus: Infundibulum:
Changes in urine salt concentration
The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism in the kidney occurs in response to what physiological condition? -Changes in urine pH -Changes in urine sugar concentration -Changes in urine salt concentration -Blood in urine.
Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
The uterus has three distinct layers, which are: -Muscalaris, lamina propria and perimetrium -Epithelial, adipose, and connective -Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium -Endometrium, myometrium, and mucosa
Supply blood vessels with oxygen and nutrients
There is a small vaso vasorum blood vessel labeled "V" on the right hand side of the tissue. What is the major role of these blood vessels? -Remove cellular waste products and carbon dioxide -Supply blood vessels with oxygen and nutrients
PAS
These 2 slides are high power magnifications of villi stained with special stains. The goblet cells in slide 1 are stained with _________. -PAS -PAMS -PTAH -Scarlet red
Letter S: fibroelastic tissue Letter T: coronary artery Letter V: mesothelial cells Letter W: adipose tissue Letter X: cardiac muscle Letter Y: layer of endothelial cells Letter Z: papillary muscles
These are images of heart wall. Match the Image letters with the correct anatomic structures. (coronary artery, mesothelial cells, endothelial cells, papillary muscles, adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, fibroelastic tissue) Letters S-Z:
Letter B: germinal center Letter C: mantle Letter A: lymphoid aggregates
These are images of the appendix. In slide 1, appendix is presented under low power magnification. Slide 2 demonstrates a high power magnification of a lymphoid follicle. Match the lymphoid follicle region with the correct image letter. (mantle, lymphoid aggregates, germinal center) Letter B: Letter C: Letter A:
Secretory
These images depict the mucosal lining that is found in the stomach. The primary function of this epithelium is _________________. -secretory -absorptive -absorptive/protective -protective
Skeletal, smooth
This is a longitudinal section of muscle found in the esophagus. The muscle labeled "A" is ______________ muscle, and the muscle labeled "B" is ______________ muscle. -smooth, skeletal -skeletal, smooth
Esophagus
This lining in slide 1 is characteristic of the _________ in the G.I. tract. -ileum -stomach -esophagus -appendix
Large intestine
This lining is characteristic of the _________ in the G.I. tract. -ileum -large intestine -stomach -esophagus
Posterior pituitary
This section of the pituitary gland demonstrates positive brown staining of neurofilament protein using IHC technique. This area of the pituitary gland is known as the ___________. -pars intermedia -anterior pituitary -posterior pituitary
Papillary dermis
This sensory receptor is located in the __________________________ of the skin. -reticular dermis -papillary dermis -epidermis -hypodermis or deep dermis
ACTH and adrenaline
Under life-threatening conditions, increased TSH production may be associated with increased __________________ blood serum levels to manage physiological stress. -LH and adrenaline -Androgen and adrenaline -ADH and adrenaline -ACTH and adrenaline
True
Unlike most of the G.I. tract, the stomach and rectum have 3 bands of muscle in the outer wall. True or False
True
Untreated benign polyps can undergo stages of dysplasia resulting in potentially life-threatening invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon. True or False
Kupffer cells
What are the large darkly stained cells labeled "A" in image 2? -Biliary cells -Kupffer cells -Endothelial cells -Stellate cells
All of the above
What cells are present in the lymph nodes? -macrophage cell -T cell -B cell -all of above
Parietal cells
What cells secrete gastric acid in the stomach? Parietal cells Chief cells Neuroendocrine cells G cells
All of the above
What factors are related to one getting skin cancer? -unprotected overexposure to sunlight -ethnicity -genetic predisposition to skin cancer -All of the above
Glycogen
What granule product is being demonstrated in image 2? Glycogen Bile ATPase Glucose
Perl's Prussian Blue
What histochemical stained was performed on Image 3? -Turnbull Blue -Schmorl's technique -Perl's Prussian Blue -Colloidal Iron
Dust cell
What is alveolar macrophage called? Dust cell Kupffer cell Langerhans cell Type II pneumocyte
Adipose infiltration, lymphocyte depletion
What is the difference between infant thymus and adult thymus? -Loss of mature T cell -Loss of medulla -Filtering free antigen -Adipose infiltration, lymphocyte depletion
Transitional
What is the epithelial lining found in the urinary tract system as seen in image 1? -pseudostratified columnar -transitional -pseudostratified cuboidal -pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Leydig cells located in the interstitial space secrete testosterone
What is the function of Leydig cell? -Leydig cells located in the interstitial space secret testosterone -Leydig cells located in the seminiferous tubules support and nourish the developing spermatozoa -Leydig cells help spermatozoa move through the duct system -Leydig cells secret citric acid and proteolytic enzyme
Pigment of skin
What is the function of the cells labeled "F" in image 3? -Produce keratin -Phagocytic immune cells -Pigment of skin -Sensation of touch and pain
Storage of thyroxine
What is the function of the strongly eosin-stained colloid-filled follicles readily seen in slide 2? -storage of calcitonin -synthesis and storage of thyroxine -synthesis and storage of calcitonin -storage of thyroxine
Fatty cirrhotic liver
What is the most likely diagnose for Image 4? -Fatty cirrhotic liver -Primary liver cancer -Benign liver adenoma -Metastatic breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer
What is the most likely disease in Image 3? -Fatty cirrhotic liver -Hepatitis -Benign liver adenoma -Metastatic breast cancer
Polycystic disease
What is the name of the genetic renal disease seen in image 2? -renal cell carcinoma -multinodular disease -polycystic disease -renal adenoma
Hepatic Acinus
What is the physiological unit of the liver? -Hepatic Lobule -Hepatic Portal -Hepatocyte -Hepatic Acinus
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the predominant immune cell that matures in the area labeled D? -Thymic interdigitating cells -Plasma cells -Cytotoxic T cells -B cells
Destroy dead RBC
What is the primary function of the cells labeled "A" in image 2? -Promote healing -destroy dead RBC -Synthesize bile -Store vitamin A
Hepatic Lobule
What is the structural unit of the liver? -Hepatic sinusoid -Hepatic Lobule -Hepatic Acinus -Hepatic Portal
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What kind of epithelial cell is composed of thyroid gland in the above image? -pseudostratified columnar epithelium -simple columnar epithelium -simple cuboidal epithelium -simple squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar cell with cilia
What kind of epithelial cell is the inner layer of tracheal wall? -Simple columnar cell -Simple cuboidal cell -Pseudostratified columnar cell with cilia -Pseudostratified columnar cell
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What kind of epithelial tissue is composed of the structure that arrow B point to? -Simple cuboidal epithelium -Simple squamous epithelium -Simple columnar epithelium -Pseutostratified epithlium
Simple columnar epithlium
What kind of epithelial tissue is gallbladder epithelial lining? -Simple cuboidal epithlium -Simple squamous epithelium -Simple columnar epithlium -Transitional epithlium
Glandular epithelium
What kind of epithelial tissue is liver cell? -simple squamous epithelium -stratified squamous epithelium -Glandular epithelium -simple cuboidal epithelium
Both ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
What kind of epithelial tissue is shown in the above image? -pseudostratified epithelium -non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium -both ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium -ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Support and nourish the developing spermatozoa (sertoli cells)
What kind of function is cell labeled with St in the above image? -Support and nourish the developing spermatozoa -Develop into spermid -Produce semen -Secret testosterone
Apocrine sweat gland
What kind of gland is demonstrated in the above image? -Sebaceous gland -Apocrine sweat gland -Eccrine sweat gland -Endocrine gland
Gordon reticulin stain
What kind of stain is performed in image 1? PAMS Colloidal iron VVG Gordon reticulin stain
Pap stain
What kind of stain is used in this cervical smear image? H&E stain T. blue Pap stain MPG
PAS
What kind of technique is used in the above image to demonstrate basement membrane of kidney tubule? Azan stain PAMS PAS H&E
Cartilage
What kind of tissue is labelled with letter C? Tumor tissue Cartilage Collagen Smooth muscle
All of the above
What kind of tissue is present in the prostate gland? -Smooth muscle glandular -epithelium -Fibrous tissue -All of above
Myocardial infarct
What pathological condition is indicated by the circled area labeled "A" in image 1 of the heart? -myocardial infarct -Area of softened heart muscle -Area of heart muscle rupture -Area of hardened heart muscle
Glycogen
What secretory product is being demonstrated in image 2? Glycogen Glucose Bile ATPase
Stellate cells
What sinusoidal cells store vitamin A? Stellate cells Endothelial cells Kupffer cells Bilary cells
Bowman's capsule
What structure is arrow A pointing to? -Bowman's capsule -Renal corpuscle -Glomerulus -Nephron
Brunner's gland
What structure secretes a highly alkaline substance to neutralize chyme? Rugae Brunner's gland Peyer patch Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Lymph fluid
What substance is stained yellow in this section? -Lymph fluid -Blood serum -Ground substance -Blood plasma
Thymus
What tissue is seen in this micrograph? Lymph node Thymus Appendix Spleen
Lymph node
What tissue is seen in this picture? Thymus Appendix Spleen Lymph node
Bile canaliculi tracts
What tubular structures are interspaced between the hepatocytes in image 3? -serotonin ducts -arterioles -bile canaliculi tracts -sinusoids
Major muscular artery
What type of blood vessel is depicted in this image? -major elastic artery -elastic arteriole -major muscular artery -major muscular vein
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium lines the alveoli in the lungs? Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Stratified squamous Transitional
Simple columnar epithelium
What type of tissue is found in the endometrial layer of the uterus? -Stratified squamous -Striated muscle -Simple columnar epithelium -Smooth muscle
Major elastic artery
What type of vessel is depicted by both images? major elastic artery muscular arteriole elastic arteriole major muscular artery
Lymphatic vessels
What type of vessel is depicted in both images? Vein Artery Lymphatic vessels
Afferent arteriole in the kidney
Where is the hormone renin secreted? -Blood stream -Afferent arteriole in the kidney -Pituitary gland -Adrenal gland
Testes
Where is the site of spermiogenesis? -vas deferen -epididymis -seminal vesicle -testes
Macula Densa cells
Which cells in the kidney are able to physiologically detect low salt levels in the distal convoluted tubule? -Lacis cells -Juxtaglomerular cells -Podocyte cells -Macula Densa cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Which cells located in the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete the hormone renin? -Juxtaglomerular cells -Macula Densa cells -Lacis cells -Podocyte cells
Absorb nutrients
Which is NOT a function of the crypts of Lieberkuhn? Secrete protective mucin Secrete antimicrobial agents Absorb nutrients Secrete hormones
Melanoma
Which is the deadliest form of skin cancer? -squamous cell carcinoma -melanoma -basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Which is the most common form of skin cancer? -basal cell carcinoma -melanoma -squamous cell carcinoma
Endometrium
Which layer of uterus undergo change during female menstrual cycle: -Endometrium -Perimetrium -Myometrium -Mucosa
IHC
Which method can be used to distinguish alpha and beta cell in the pancreas? IHC H&E stain Grimelius stain Silver technique
Esophagus, cardia, pyloris, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, rectum, and anal canal
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of segments throughout the G.I. tract. -Esophagus, fundus, pyloris, ileum, jejunum, cecum, rectum, sigmoid, and anal canal. -Esophagus, cardia, fundus, jejunum, duodenum, cecum, rectum, and anal canal. -Esophagus, pyloris, fundus, duodenum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid, rectum and anal canal. -Esophagus, cardia, pyloris, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, rectum, and anal canal.
Terminal and respiratory bronchiole
Which of the following anatomical structure has Clara cells instead of Goblet cell? -Terminal and respiratory bronchiole -Trachea -Bronchus -Alveoli
C-ring cartilage
Which of the following cell or structure is the difference between bronchus and trachea? -Goblet cells -C-ring cartilage -Pseudostratified columnar cells with cilia -Smooth muscle
Juxtaglomerular cells
Which of the following cells secrete renin? -Thyroid C cells -Juxtaglomerular cells -Lacis cells -Macula densa cells
Trypsin
Which of the following enzymes are produced by exocrine pancreas? Glucogan Trypsin Insulin Pepsin
Insulin
Which of the following hormone is secreted by Islets of Langerhans of pancreas? Trypsin Renin Bile Insulin
Both estrogen and progesterone
Which of the following hormones are secreted by ovary? -FSH -Estrogen -LH -Progesterone -Both FSH and LH -Both estrogen and progesterone -All of above
The basal epithelia are polygonal
Which of the following is NOT characteristically true about the epidermis: -The epidermis is stratified squamous -The basal epithelia are polygonal -The epidermal eccrine glands produce sweat -Nuclei dissolve in the granular layer
Producing B and T cells
Which of the following is NOT the function of lymph node in the immune response? -activating T cells -producing B and T cells -activating B cells -filtering free antigen in lymph fluid
All of the above
Which of the following is the example of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue? -lymphoid aggregate in the colon -Peyer patch -lymphoid follicle in the appendix -all of the above
Secretion of seminal fluid
Which of the following is the function of prostate gland? -Secretion of seminal fluid -Secretion of testosterone -production of sperm -Site of spermatogenesis
Testes
Which of the following organ secret testosterone? Seminal vesicle Testes Epididymis Prostate gland
Gallbladder
Which of the following organ store bile and control bile release after meal? pancreas duodenum gallbladder liver
Single free nerve endings
Which of the following sensory receptors are associated with merckel cells? -Pacinian corpuscles -Single free nerve endings -Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Which of the following sensory receptors are found in the deeper layers of skin? -Meissner corpuscles -Pacinian corpuscles -Singe free nerve endings
The reticulin meshwork supports both the hepatocyte and the sinosoidal lining cells
Which of the following statement is true about the reticulin in the liver? -The sinusoids are not bounded by the reticulin framework -The reticulin can be stained by iron hematoxylin that shows reticulin as a black stained material -Reticulin only present in one side of liver cell plates. -The reticulin meshwork supports both the hepatocyte and the sinosoidal lining cells
Synthesis and secretion of insulin. (pancreas)
Which of the following statements is NOT a major function of the liver? -Synthesis and secretion of bile to assist food digestion in the stomach. -Synthesis and secretion of insulin. -Detoxification of toxic substances such as alcohol and drugs. -Dying RBC are lysed into globin, hemosiderin, and bile. -Synthesis and storage of glycogen, vitamins, and other lipids. -Metabolic wastes are converted to urea and excreted through the kidneys.
Hepatic central vein
Which of the following structure is NOT included in portal triad? Bile ductule Hepatic central vein Hepatic portal vein Hepatic arteriole
Carcinoid tumor
Which of the following tumor is related diffused neuroendocrine cell in the small intestine? -Cushing's syndrome -carcinoid tumor -pheochromocytoma -small cell carcinoma
Parathyroid and thyroid
Which of the following two endocrine organs regulate blood calcium levels? -Adrenal gland and thyroid -Pancreas and thyroid -Adrenal gland and pancreas -Parathyroid and thyroid
Islets of Langerhans
Which part of pancreas is responsible for endocrine function? -Acini -Intercalated ducts -Septa -Islets of Langerhans
Cystic duct of gallbladder
Which part of the organ is demonstrated in the image? cystic duct of gallbladder body of gallbladder duodenum jejunum
Stratum Basale
Which skin epithelial layer gives rise to basal cell carcinoma? -Stratum Corneum -Stratum Basale -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Granulosum
Neither A or B (A is a pulmonary artery, B is a bronchiole)
Which structure in the image is bronchus? Both A and B Neither A or B A B
CL (corpus luteum)
Which structure labeled in the above image is responsible for estrogen and progesterone production? -D -M -CL -A -Ft
Bile
Which substance listed below is capable of emulsifying lipids? Trypsin CCK Secretin Bile
False (not in stomach)
Within the G.I. tract, goblet cells are found in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. True or False
Medications
Wrinkling of the skin is due to all of the following EXCEPT: -Decreased collagen production with age -Basal cell division is reduced with age -Medications -Fat cells get smaller with age
