FUNDAMENTALS CH 33

The sick role

involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick.

Role performance

is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles (e.g., parent, supervisor, or close friend).

Importance of body image

A threat to body image and overall self-concept can affect adherence to recommended health regimens, including diet and taking medications as prescribed

Identity confusion

• Lack of direction and definition of self. • Restricted exploration in adolescence - Earlier psychosocial conflicts not resolved - Society restricts choices • Unprepared for stages of adulthood

What could affect body image

-Situational events(loss of body parts) -Feedback from others -Cognitive growth and development(puberty or aging)

Importance of self-image

How individuals view themselves and their perception of their health are closely related.

Body Image

Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function. Feelings about body image include those related to sexuality, femininity and masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength.

Role overload

Involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable. This is common in an individual who unsuccessfully attempts to meet the demands of work and family while carving out some personal time.

Self-esteem

Is an individual's overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept. It is the most fundamental self-evaluation because it represents the overall judgment of personal worth or value.

Self-concept

Is an individual's view of self. It is a subjective view and a complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes, and perceptions. Self-concept, or how a person thinks about oneself, directly affects self-esteem, or how one feels about oneself.

Identity

It involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations. It implies being distinct and separate from others. Being "oneself" or living an authentic life is the basis of true identity.

Role ambiguity

It involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion. Role ambiguity is common in the adolescent years and employment situations.

Role conflict

Occurs when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually exclusive. For example, when a middle-age woman with teenage children assumes responsibility for the care of her older parents, conflicts occur in relation to being both a parent to her children and the child of her parents.

Self-concept is based on the following:

Sense of competency •Perceived reactions of others to one's body •Ongoing perceptions and interpretations of the thoughts and feelings of others •Personal and professional relationships •Academic and employment-related identity •Personality characteristics that affect self-expectations •Perceptions of events that have an impact on the self •Mastery of prior and new experiences •Ethnic, cultural, racial, and spiritual identity

Role strain

combines role conflict and role ambiguity. Some express role strain as a feeling of frustration when a person feels inadequate or unsuited to a role such as providing care for a family member with Alzheimer's disease.