Fundamentals Chapter 5

Clinical Implications (was it legit)

A section in a research article that explains if the findings from the study have clinical implications.

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an educational program to help patients at home take their medications as ordered, the researcher tells the subject that their names will not be used and no-one but the researcher team will have access to their information and responses. This is an example of

confidentiality

A group of nurses have identified that elderly patient is on their unit have a high incidence of pressure ulcers after they have a stroke. During unit meeting they discuss different interventions that they think may reduce the development of pressure ulcers. What is the nurses`s next step to investigate this clinical problem?

create well defined PICOT questions

Exploratory Research

designed to develop or define dimensions of phenomena or hypothesis ex: testing the benefits of a new exercise program for older adults with dementia

clinical guidelines

systematically developed statements about a plan of care for a specific set of clinical circumstances involving a specific patient population

Confidentiality

the assurance that messages and information are available only to those who are authorized to view them

Bias

the scientific method minimizes the chance that Bias or opinion by a researcher will influence the results of research and the knowledge gained.

generalizability

when scientific method is completed correctly, the study reports validity, reliability, generalizability of the data.

Steps of EBP

1-Cultivate a spirit of inquiry, 2-Ask a clinical questions (PICOT, intervention,comparison, outcome, and time frame format) 3-Search for and collect the most recent and relevant evidence, 4-Critically evaluate the evidence, 5-Integrate the one's with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values 6-Evaluate the outcomes of a practice decision or change, 7-Share the outcomes of the EBP with others

Types of Research

1-Experimental, 2-Correlational, 3-Exploratory, 4-Evaluation, 5-Descriptive

A group of nurses on the research council of a local hospital are measuring nursing-sensistive outcomes. Which of the following is a nursing-sensitive outcome that nurses need to consider measuring?

1-Number of patients who developed a UTI from a Foley catheter 2-Number of patients who fall and experience subsequent injury on the evening shift

Inductive reasoning

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. Part of Qualitative research EX: A nurse extensively interviews cancer survivors then summarizes the common themes from all of the interviews to determine the characteristics of cancer survivors quality of life

nursing research

A way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively

A nurse is reading a research article. The nurse just finished reading a brief summary of the research study that included the purpose of the study and its implications for nursing practice. Which part of the article did the nurse just read?

Abstract

Elements of EBA (evidence based articles)

Abstract - brief summary Introduction- info about the purpose of the article Literacy View/background- detailed background info (what led to conduct this study?) Manuscrip Narrative- middle section (Is it Clinical Study? OR Research Article?) Method/Design- what type of research? Clinical Implications? Result/Conclusion

Experimental study design

An RCT (randomized controlled trial) is a true experimental study which controls conditions to eliminate bias with the goal of generalizing the results of the study to similar groups of subjects. EX: New drug, Theraphy, education method

A nurse who works on a pediatric unit asks "I wonder if children who interact with Theraphy dogs have reduced anxiety when they are in hospital". In this example of a PICOT question, which of the following is the "O"?

Anxiety

peer review process

Article is analyzed for accuracy, validity, and rigor and criticized by scientists in the field prior to publication. Most use 3 anonymous peer reviewers; final decision is up to the journal editor.

nursing process vs research process

Assessment - Identify area of interest Diagnosis - Develop Research Questions Planning - Determine how the study will be conduct Implementation - Conduct Study Evaluation - Analyze results of the study/Use the findings

a nurse researcher is collecting data following approval from institutional review board (IRB) In which part of the research process is this nurse?

Conducting study

A nurse researcher wants to know which factors are associated with a person's decision to exercise. The nurse distributes a survey to people who recently joined an exercise wellness program and analyses the data to determine which factors and characteristics are most significantly linked to the decision to start exercising. which type of research is this?

Correlational Research

A nurse researcher studies the effectiveness of a new program designed to educate parents to promote the immunization of children. The nurse divides the parents randomly into 2 groups. One group received the typical educational program and the other group receives the new program. This is an example of which type of study>

Experimental Research

A nursing student is preparing to read the methods section of a research article. Which type of info will the student expect to find in this section?

How the researcher conducted the study The numbers and the type of subjects who participated in the study

Which of the following statement about evidence based practice made by a nursing student would require the nursing professor to correct students understanding?

In evidence based practice the patients are the subject (this is not correct. Clinical decision making is the subject)

Empirical data/evidence

Information acquired from using the scientific method that can be verified (or falsified) by other researchers.

A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an individualized evidence-based teaching plan on young women's intention to wear sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. In this study which of the following research term best describes the individualized evidence based teaching plan?

Intervention

components of an outcome

Outcome itself how it is observed (the indicator) Its critical characteristics (how it is measured) Its range of parameters (patients satisfaction)

PICOT question

P: Population I: Intervention C: Comparison O: Outcome T: Time

Nurses in a community clinic have seen an increase in the numbers of obese children. The nurses who care for children are discussing ways to reduce childhood obesity. One nurse ask a colleague, "I wonder what the most effective ways are to help school aged children maintain a healthy weight? This question is an example of

Problem focused trigger

the nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of medication errors on their unit. They decide to evaluate the medication administration process on the basis of data gained from chart reviews and direct observation of nurses administering medications. Which process are the nurse using?

Quality Improvement Process

RCT

Randomized controlled trial

correlational research

Research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together. ex: the study between RN`s education levels and their job satisfaction

informed consent

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Performance Improvement (PI)

a pilot study is a small-scale research study or one that includes a quality performance improvement (PI) project.

experimental research

gathering primary data by selecting matched groups of subjects, giving them different treatments, controlling related factors, and checking for differences in group responses

Scientific Method

is the foundation of research

Evaluation research

research assessing how well policies programs, procedure, practice is working. Form of Quantitativate Research (#s)

Descriptive research

research conducted to clarify the characteristics of certain phenomena to solve a particular problem ex: study to examine RN`s biases toward caring for obese patients.

Quantitative Research

research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form EX: 1-a study dealing with new pain Theraphy quantitatively measures participants` pain severity 2-a study testing different forms of surgical dressings measures the extent of wound healing.

Qualitative Research

research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data (Phenomenon that cannot be measured such as a patient`s perception of illness or quality of life)

nurse sensitive indicators

something related to nursing care - practices that nursing owns i.e. IV filtration; pressure ulcers; fall risk; braden test, blood glucose levels