fundamentals -Chp one
Nurse Liscensure Compact
allowing a nurse who is licensed and permanently lives in one of the member states to practice in the other member states without additional licensure
Clinical Nurse Leader
A nurse prepared at the graduate level who oversees the lateral integration of care for a distinct group of patients and who may actively provide direct patient care in complex situations. The CNL role is not one of administration or management.
nurse anesthetist
A nurse who completes a course of study in an anesthesia school; carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and monitors anesthesia during surgery; and evaluates postoperative status of patients
Nurse -Midwife
A nurse who completes a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care; and delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies
Nurse Administrator
A nurse who functions at various levels of management in health care settings; is responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care
Nurse Researcher
A nurse with an advanced degree who conducts research relevant to the definition and improvement of nursing practice and education
Nurse Practitioner
A nurse with an advanced degree, certified for a special area or age of patient care; works in a variety of health care settings or in independent practice to make health assessments and deliver primary care
Clinical Nurse Specialist
A nurse with an advanced degree, education, or experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct patient care; consultation; teaching of patients, families, and staff; and research
Nurse Entrepreneur
A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduct research, provide education, or serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political agencies, or businesses
Nurse Educator
A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who teaches in educational or clinical settings; teaches theoretical knowledge and clinical skills; conducts research
AACN
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
BP-T-P-R technique
BP = Being Present (Have I cultivated the art of being truly present in each human encounter? Does my lifestyle support this?) T = Tracking (Am I tracking the numbers most important to my health: blood pressure, weight, blood sugar, lipid levels?) P = Practicing health and wellness behaviors (Am I a model of healthy behaviors?) R = Refueling (Do I get adequate sleep and find meaning, energy, and joy in many aspects of my life? When I am running on empty, how do I refuel?)
Founder of the America red cross in 1882
Clara Barton
Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882
Clara Barton
CNL
Clinical Nurse Leader: An R.N. at master's level who provides administrative and educational leadership.
The use of communication skills to assess , implement , and evaluate indivdualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families
Functions of a teacher /educator in nursing
the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives
Functions of advocate in nursing
the effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care.
Functions of collaborator in nursing
The use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care setting
Functions of communicator in nursing
the use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information,make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills
Functions of counselor in nursing
Factors Affecting Health
Genetic Inheritance, Cognitive Abilities, Educational Level, Race and Ethnicity, Culture, Age and Gender, Developmental Level, Lifestyle, Environment, and Socioeconomic Status.
A nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War
Harriet Tubman
Provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize
Jane adams
A nursing leader and women's rights activist; instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote
Lavina Dock
Became the first professor of nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teachers' College, Columbia University; with Lavinia Dock, published the four-volume History of Nursing
Mary Adelaide Nursing
Director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and one of the founders' Canadian nurses associations
Mary Agnes Snively
Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States
Mary Breckenridge
Graduated from the new England hospital for women and children in 1879 as America's first African American America Nurse
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
NCLEX-RN
National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses
APRN
a licensed RN who is certified by a nationally recognized certifying body: • Certified nurse midwife CNM • Certified RN anesthetist CRNA • Clinical nurse specialist CNS • Nurse practitioner NP
What age did Florence nightingale began training for nursing ?
age 31
standards
allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
Joint Commission
an independent, not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits healthcare organizations
Nursing Process
assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation
BSN
baccalaureate degree nurse-4 year degree
Theory of Animism
based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power.
historical perspectives on nursing
caregivers for the ill and injured have always been a part of history. roles ,setting , and responsibilities, have changed over time
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences ( Florence nightindale)
intrapersonal communication
communication with oneself
National League for Nursing (NLN)
conducts many types of programs, including accrediting nursing education programs.
Burnout
cumulative state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long time; behaviors exhibited as the result of prolonged occupational stress
holistic care
dealing with something as a whole rather than by its individual parts
secondary traumatic stress
feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
The assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when proving care, effecting change, and functioning with groups
functions of leader in nursing
the participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care
functions of researcher in nursing
lieu
instead of, in place of
Nursing is
is a profession focused on assisting people,families , and communities to attain, recover, and maintain optimum health and function from birth to old age
science of nursing
is the knowledge base for the care that is given
Compassion fatigue
loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care
according to gallup survey
rated nursing as the most honest and ethical profession in America for 14 years straight.
unwillingness, or disinclination to do something
reluctance
from the middle of the 19th century to the 20th century
social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general
early civilization believed that illness
supernatural causes (early 16th century)
interpersonal communication
the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or more people
The word nurse originated from
the latin word nutrix, meaning to nourish
Functions of a caregiver in nursing
the provision of care to patients that combines both the art and science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual need.
the art of nursing
the skilled application of that knowledge to help others achieve maximum and quality of life.
attempt to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions
theory of animism
Licensure
to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements
Four broad aims of nursing
to promote health , to prevent illness , to restore health, and to facilitate coping with disability or death
Enormous effect on nursing
world war II
Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing
Lillian Wald
Which advancement in the nursing profession occurred immediately after World War II?
Advanced nursing education was established. Explanation: After the end of World War II, schools of nursing were based on educational objectives and were increasingly developed in university and college settings, leading to degrees in nursing for men, women, and minorities. National standards for nursing were already developed at this time. Following the war, care of clients in hospitals increased, not decreased. Government funding did not increase to support minority nurses at this time.
ADN
Associated degree in nursing - 2 year degree
A long-term care facility is seeking an advanced practice nurse to educate the staff regarding palliative care for the residents. The facility would benefit most by hiring which advanced practice nurse?
Clinical nurse specialist Explanation: The clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner are Advance Practice Registered Nurses. The clinical nurse specialist has advanced experience and expertise in a specialized area of practice such as gerontology and would be best suited to provide education on palliative care. Nurse practitioners typically provide direct care more often than leading and educating staff. The nurse researcher is responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing knowledge and practice through the investigation of nursing problems. The nurse administrator is responsible for managing client care.
DNP
Doctor of Nursing Practice
A member of the original Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (a group that provided public health nursing); organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II
Elizabeth Smellie
FNP
Family Nurse Practitioner or nurse midwives
Defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education; published books about nursing and health care; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing Initiator of major reforms in health care and nursing training in England
Florence Nightingale
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing?
Florence Nightingale Explanation: Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included the recognition of the importance of nutrition to health. Clara Barton established the Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a pioneer for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Linda Richards began the practice of keeping records and writing orders.
A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process?
In-service education Explanation: In-service education is designed to increase the knowledge and skills of the nursing staff. Education about a new piece of hospital equipment would fall into this category. Continuing education is educational experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Many state nursing organizations require continuing education hours to maintain licensure. Undergraduate studies are the educational programs for pre-licensure in the field of nursing. For the nurse, this could be a diploma, associate degree, or baccalaureate in nursing. Graduate education would include the educational programs for the advanced practice nurse. This could be master's degree or doctoral preparation.
Outstanding leader in nursing and nursing education
Isabel Hampton
A leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a day's work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the nurses associated alumnae of the United States and canada (which later became the America nurses associated)
Isabel Hampton Robb
Woman called " deaconesses"
Led by the idea that love and caring for others were important
The founder of public health nursing is:
Lillian Wald Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor of the Lower East Side in New York City and was the founder of public health nursing. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States. Dorothea Dix was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill.
Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders
Linda richards
A nurse during the Civil War; returned to New York and organized the New York Charities Aid Association to improve care of the sick in Bellevue Hospital; recommended standards for nursing education
Lousie Schuyler
Opened the first birth control clinic in the United States; founder of Planned Parenthood Federation
Margaret sanger
The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which nursing leader?
Mary Breckinridge Explanation: The nurse can trace education for nurse midwifery back to Mary Breckinridge, who established one of the first midwifery schools in the United States. Sojourner Truth and Lavinia Dock worked for the women's movement. Margaret Sanger was the founder of Planned Parenthood.
first African America nurse to graduate from a school of nursing
Mary Mahoney
established a training program for nurses at the Montreal general hospital (the first 3-year program in north America)
Nora Gertrude Livingston
Facilitating coping with disability and death
Nurses provide care to both patients and families during end-of-life care, and they do so in hospitals, long term care facilities, hospices, and homes.
A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing (MSN) and is reviewing information about various programs. What would the nurse expect to find about such programs?
Nurses pursuing such programs require solid scholastic abilities. Explanation: Nurses pursuing master's degree programs need solid scholastic abilities. Master's degree nursing education began in the 19th century, not the late 18th century. Though such degrees can be attained in a certain specific area of interest, generic master's degree courses are also offered. Students need to take the licensure examination after a baccalaureate degree, not after a master's degree.
QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses)
Patient-Centered Care Teamwork and Collaboration Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Safety Informatics
The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?
The RN collects comprehensive data. Explanation: The standard being exemplified is Standard 1: Assessment: The RN collects comprehensive data. Spiritual assessment is part of the comprehensive assessment data collection. The RN may pray with a client and/or collaborate with spiritual healers, but it is not part of the standards of care. The RN typically does not provide spiritual counseling.
Which social force has most significantly impacted the future supply and demand of nurses
aging Explanation: Social forces--such as the aging of a population (and thus the increased need for nursing care), a nursing retirement rate that exceeds the replacement rate, and attrition of aging nursing faculty--significantly impact the future supply and demand of nurses. Technology, economics, and science are not social forces that have impacted the future supply and demand of nurses.
Which social force has most significantly impacted the future supply and demand of nurses?
aging Explanation: Social forces--such as the aging of a population (and thus the increased need for nursing care), a nursing retirement rate that exceeds the replacement rate, and attrition of aging nursing faculty--significantly impact the future supply and demand of nurses. Technology, economics, and science are not social forces that have impacted the future supply and demand of nurses.
U.S department of labor ,bureau of labor statistics (BLS)
annually collects and publishes data on employment and earning for more than 800 occupations
Nurse Practive Act
are law established in each state in the united states
Founded during the crusades (11th and 13th centuries)
both male and female nursing orders
Mindfulness
capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present-moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity; mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
Primary role of nursing
caregiver
A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in care of older adults who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing?
clinical nurse specialist Explanation: Clinical nurse specialists are nurses with an advanced degree who are considered experts in a specialized area of care. They also provide direct care, consultation, and education of clients, families, and staff. Nurse managers do not normally provide direct care. Nurse-midwives specialize in obstetrical care. Physician assistants are not nurses.
The nurse is caring for a postoperative client, and administers a pain medication prescribed on a PRN basis by the health care provider. What best describes the type of intervention the nurse is demonstrating?
collaborative intervention Explanation: The administration of a PRN medication requires a health care provider-prescribed intervention (the medication prescription) as well as a nurse-prescribed intervention (determining when the prescription should be carried out and proper administration of the medication); therefore, this action would be considered a collaborative intervention. Nurse-initiated interventions, such as turning and repositioning a client, are described as nurse-prescribed interventions. Health care provider-directed actions are described as health care provider-prescribed interventions. Client advocacy refers to communicating the needs and protecting the needs of the client. Interventions are not normally categorized as being independent or dependent.
To meet the aims of nursing practice, the nurse uses four blended competencies:
diagnosing,planning, implementing, and evaluating
Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?
encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity Explanation: Health promotion involves encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster their well-being and maximize optimal functioning. Exercise is one of the most common and accessible activities that can help achieve this. Facilitating support groups promotes coping with an existing condition. Treating hypertension pharmacologically and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation help to restore health and prevent illness.
In early Christian period, Nursing began
have a formal and more clearly defined role in society
state of optimal functioning or well-being
health
Level of health or wellness is also strongly influenced by what is termed:
health literacy
individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Health literacy is dependent on individual and systemic factors: Communication skills of lay persons and professionals.
health literacy
motivated by the desire to increase a person's well-being and health potential
health promotion
health care provider in the 16th century
medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits
blend with science and art
nursing
nurses act as a bridge between
often extremely vulnerable public and the health care resources that can literally make the difference between life and death, health, and disease or disability,and well-being and discomfort
Health promotion activities that are the framework for nursing activities are considered
patient-centered
often associated with health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health
wellness
Reciprocity
which allows a nurse to apply for and be endored as an RN by another state
(at the beginning of the 16th century) To meet the need of shortage of people to care for the sick
women who were convicted of crimes were recruited into nursing in lieu of serving jail sentences.
received low pay and worked long hours in unfavorable conditions
women who were doing nursing versus serving jail sentences
Served as superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses; was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
12 leading health indicators of 2020
1. access to health services 2. clinical preventable services 3. environmental quality 4. injury and violence 5. maternal, infant and child health 6. mental health 7. nutrition, physical activity, obesity 8. oral health 9. reproductive and sexual health 10. social determinants 11. substance abuse 12. tobacco use
Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement
Sojourner Truth
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
Well Defined body of specific and unique knowledge strong service orientation recognized authority by a professional group code of ethics professional organization that sets standards ongoing research autonomy and self-regulation
Defined nursing as " the protection, promotion, and optimizations of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families , groups, communities and populations
The American Nurses Association ( ANA)
Restoring Healths Focus:
The individual with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery.
