Fundamentals Final
a. Unsupervised
100. Using ______ data mining, the user simply tells the data mining software to uncover whatever patterns and relationship it can find in a data set
a. Helps managers understand problems and potential solutions by acquiring and analyzing information with sophisticated models
101. Unlike an executive information system, a decision support system (DSS) _____.
a. Knowledge is the understanding that one gains from information
102. Which of the following statements about knowledge is true?
a. Virtual private networks
103. The establishment of _____ is an information security procedure that encrypts Internet data at both ends of the transmission process.
information
104. A table showing the order frequencies as well as the average dollar value of the orders of different segments of a catalog retailer's market would be and example of ____.
a. Virtual private networks
105. Although firewalls can protect personal computers and network services connected to the corporate network, people away from their offices who interact with their company networks via the internet face a safety risk. Which of the following technologies has proven to be an inexpensive solution to this problem?
a. Affinity, sequence, and predictive
106. Unsupervised data mining can be used to recognize _____ patterns.
a. First-mover advantage
107. The first company to use new information technology to substantially lower costs or differentiate products or services often gains _____.
a. Unsupervised
108. Using ______ data mining, the user simply tells the data mining software to uncover whatever patterns and relationships it can find in a data set.
a. Process of discovering unknown patterns and relationships in large amounts of data.
109. Data mining is the _____.
a. Data warehouse
110. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could use data it has collected from millions of suspected drug-related adverse event reports and other electronic medical information to identify a pattern of adverse drug events in a specific population. This data collected by the FDA would be held in a(n) _____.
a. Stockout
111. A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, the company experienced ______.
a. Service capability
112. A company has purchased new software which will allow its employees to extend the electronic support capabilities and parts-ordering efficiencies the company offers its customers. The company's improved ______ should lead to improved employee satisfaction.
a. Nonrenewable materials.
113. Which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock?
a. Cut prices on the product to increase its sales
114. According to the textbook, what should a business owner do with excess inventory?
make-to-order
115. The highest degree of processing occurs in _____ operations.
service recovery
116. The term _____ refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers.
teamwork
117. When a CEO of a company says that TQM's payoff comes when everyone shares solutions with other the CEO is promoting which characteristic of TQM?
production
118. At their core, companies are ______ systems that combine inputs such as labor, raw materials, capital, and knowledge to produce finished products and other types of output.
a. Assemble-to-order
119. _____ refers to manufacturing operation that divides manufacturing processes into separate parts or modules that are combined to create semi-customized products
a. To become ISO 9000 certified, companies must show that they are following their own procedures.
120. Which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?
a. Multifactor productivity; partial productivity
121. In general, managers should use ______ to directly compare their overall level of productivity to that of their competitors, and _____ to analyze the contributions of individual components to that overall productivity.
a. Total quality management
122. A company expressing its ongoing commitment to continuous product improvement and premium quality products is committed to ______.
a. Economic order quantity
123. A company that embroiders t-shirts, uses 15,000 plain t-shirts annually. The optimal order quantity is 500 shirts. The company embroiders approximately 150 shirts daily. Using the ______ calculations, the company knows it should place an order approximately every 3 days.
a. Assemble-to-order
124. ______ refers to a manufacturing operation that divides manufacturing processes into separate parts or modules that are combined to create semi-customized products.
a. TQM is an integrated organization-wide strategy for improving product and service quality
125. Which of the following statements about total quality management (TQM) is true?
Expectancy
46. According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, students' motivation to participate in teaching evaluations is impacted significantly by their expectation that they will be able to provide meaningful feedback. In other words, if they are going to expend the thought and effort to fill out evaluation forms, (1) Is the form designed to gather meaningful information? (2) Do the students have enough information to form a meaningful opinion about the instruction? In terms of expectancy theory, students are concerned with _______, or whether it is worth their efforts.
equity theory
47. Although both Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the advent of professional women's sporting significant discrepancies still exist between men's and women's sports. For example, women receive less media coverage, promotion, and institutional support. According to ______, the motivation for women athletes to perform at the top of their ability is less that that for men.
job performance
48. According to some industrial psychologists, _____ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints.
instrumentality
52. According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood that students feel their inputs on the evaluations will lead directly to improved instruction is called ______.
fixed interval
53. Traffic accidents, most of which are caused by excessive speed, cost Australia $15 Billion per year. The Australian government is thinking of using cameras to catch speeders. Government officials plan to put cameras at various locations for four weeks and then the cameras will be moved. Plans are to put the cameras back to their original location every fourth month. What kind of reinforcement schedule will be used?
continuous
54. France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. To reduce the number of smokers I the nation, the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price twenty times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union. In terms of reinforcement theory, what kind of a reinforcement schedule is being used?
a. One of the components that leads to job performance was weak
55. A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have, as nearly as possible, identical skills and abilities. Both are assign potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. This information tells you that ____.
a. Selling
56. Betsy McLaughlin, former CEO of the fast-growing clothing chain Hot Topic, relied on her employees to spot new trends in the market. Since she was high in relationship behavior and high in task behavior, Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory indicates that she had a(n) _____ leadership style
a. Consultative
57. In many organizations, sales managers develop companywide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the companywide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) ____ decision-making style.
a. The formal authority system
58. According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?
a. Are more than likely managers rather than leaders
59. Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely _________.
leadership
60. ______ is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.
a. Trait theory
61. ______ is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.
a. Used intellectual stimulation to encourage his employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving.
63. As CEO of UPS, Michael Eskew transformed the company from a package delivery serves to a logistics expert, so it could serve as a traffic manager for corporate America. As a transformational manager, Eskew _____.
a. Job performance
64. Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' _____ than their job specification.
a. Selling
65. Betsy McLaughlin, former CEO of the fast-growing clothing chain Hot Topic, relied on her employees to spot new trends in the market. Since she was high in relationship behavior and high in task behavior, Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory indicates that she had a(n) ____ leadership style.
a. Downward
66. When the CEO of a large corporation explained to their unionized employees why the company had to reduce healthcare coverage for its employees, he was engaged in ______ communication
a. Internal and external attributions
67. According to attribution theory, we use two general reasons or attributions to explain people's behavior. They are _____.
a. Upward
68. Hot topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. The owner and founder daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. An employee suggested that the stores should carry a certain type of soda. The employee's suggestion was an example of _____ communication.
a. When the message is straightforward
69. In which of the following cases would written communication be preferable to oral communication?
a. Nonverbal communication
70. Kinesics and paralanguage are two kinds of ______.
a. Organization
71. In the perceptual process, _____ is the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge.
a. Noise prevented communication
72. The crew renovating the downtown area accidentally dug up the sidewalk belonging to a private owner. The crew misunderstood their instructions that only all city-owned sidewalks were to be replaced due to bad phone connections. In terms of the communications process ______.
a. Coaching
73. _____ is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.
a. Oral communication; written communication
74. Managers generally like to use ______ but are less receptive to using _____.
a. People perceive according to personality-, psychology-, and experience-based filters.
75. Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true?
a. Oral communication; written communication
76. Managers generally like to use ______ but are less receptive to using _____.
a. Constructive feedback
77. Rubylyn is a very enthusiastic person who has been hired to work as the personal assistant for an event planner. At first, Rubylyn was driving her supervisor to distraction because she was always interrupting him and asking him if he wanted anything. After some ______ with the event planner, Rubylyn better understood what her job entailed and became a valued employee.
a. Nonverbal communication
78. Kinesics and paralanguage are two kinds of ______.
a. Horizontal
79. In a large corporation, employees are known as associates and don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. As a result of doing away with traditional titles, the company encourages more _____ communication.
a. Selective perception
80. Mike plays all kinds of competitive sports and was excited to read that his company was sponsoring a softball team. Non-athletic Kenneth typically walks by the same bulletin board at least three times every day and has yet to see the softball notice. The fact that one saw the notice and the other did not is due to _____.
a. Be highly resistant to change
81. Companies that rely on bureaucratic control tend to _____.
a. Makes managers at all levels pay much closer attention to how they run their segment of the business
82. Economic value added (EVA) is so important because it _____.
a. Normative control leads to an emphasis on very selective hiring
83. Which of the following statements about normative control is true?
84. Which of the following factors can help managers determine whether more or different control is worthwhile?
84. Which of the following factors can help managers determine whether more or different control is worthwhile?
a. Concertive control
85. Instead of individual sales people calling on its business customers, Cedartree Tech uses sales teams. The sales team is given complete responsibility for developing long-term partnering relationships with each customer. What kind of control would the company's sales managers most likely approve?
a. Waste prevention and reduction
86. According to the text, which of the following levels produces the greatest minimization of waste?
a. Sub optimization
87. _____ occurs when performance improvement is attained in one part of an organization but only at the expense of decreased performance in another part.
a. Vale
88. When a company emphasized ____ as its quality goal, managers must simultaneously control excellence, price, durability, or other features of a product or service that customers strongly associate with it.
a. Feedback
89. A manufacturer of automatic locking devices shipped 20,000 devices to a car manufacturer that was unable to use them because of a design flaw. If the manufacturer of the devices waited until the parts were returned before determining why it created unusable component parts, it would be using ______ control.
a. Be highly resistant to change
90. Companies that rely on bureaucratic control tend to ___.
a. Concertive control
91. Instead of individual sales people calling on its business customers, Cedartree Tech uses sales teams. The sales team is given complete responsibility for developing long-term partnering relationships with each customer. What kinds of control would the company's sales managers most likely approve?
a. Customer defections
92. The tradition approach to controlling financial performance does NOT examine _____.
a. Normative
93. Marriott's top management decided that there was need for a serious effort to "put democracy back into the company" and make employees feel "involved in the success of the company." Employees asked special corporate guests to comment on the good and bad issues of their stay and also to tell what the competition is doing that is better than the Marriott. Then the employees acted accordingly. Marriott adopted _____ control.
a. All of these
94. Which of the following is a method manager's can use to achieve control in their organizations? i. Bureaucratic ii. Self-control iii. Concertive iv. Normative
a. Feedback
95. An accident at a US refinery killed two workers. By gathering information about how the men died in order to prevent a recurrence, the company used _____ control.
a. Expert systems
96. Most _____ work by using a collection of "if-then" rules to sort through information and recommend a course of action.
a. Roadblocks
97. To properly secure data networks, a manager should use all of the following EXCEPT ______.
information
98. A table showing the order frequencies as well as the average dollar value of the orders of different segments of a catalog retailer's market would be an example of _____.
a. Occur when three or more database elements occur together in a significant way.
99. Data clusters ______.
team diversity
A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the fire and rescue service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. The group is trying to increase _______ within the fire fighting teams.
Skill-based pay
A producer of mobile aerial work platforms rewards employees for the number of basic skills they can perform rather than for the jobs to which they are assigned. Prior to initiating this system, pay increases were based on a merit system. The merit system is still in effect; however, the new program emphasizes continued acquisition of new skills. The company uses _____.
one of the components that leads to job performance is weak
A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have, as nearly as possible, identical skills and abilities. Both are assigned potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. This information tells you that ______.
Cognitive ability tests
According to the text, if an employer were to use only one type of selection test, _______ would be the one to use
a hostile work environment
Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions made by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "the firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ______.
Strategic
In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, the getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be _______ leaders.
Project team
Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and in shape. Styker Howmedica Ostenonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group would be classified as a(n) ______.
had the authority to solve problems related to the correct identifications of orthopedic parts
Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedican Ostenocis in New Jersey used semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group _______.
expectancy theory
The _____ states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they are offered attractive rewards.
using information technology to continuously improve and support the core functions of a business
The key to sustaining competitive advantage is _______.
semi-autonomous work group
The kinds of team known as a _______ not only provides advice and suggestions to management but also has limited authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service.
always resolve issues by consensus
Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for minimizing the occurrence of affective conflict and having a good fight?
All of these are reasons
Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?
when downsizing, outplacement programs can help the company maintain positive image in the community
Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true?
6-9
Which of the following team sizes usually provides the best performance?
all of the above
Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis? -work activities -tools and equipment used -knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to do the job -job context
selection
____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.
Training
____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their job performance.
dysfunctional turnover
______ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave the company.
affective conflict
______ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.
Disparate treatment
_______ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of the race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
dysfunctional turnover
_______ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company
Jobs specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions
________ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.
trait theory viewpoint
according to an article from CIO Magazine, "leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ______.
sharing the financial value of performance gains
an organization that rewards its team members through gain-sharing is _____.
doing what he is told to do
as a member of a typical traditional work group, Joshua should expect to be responsible for _______.
do all of these
for the goal-setting theory to work goals must ________. i. Focus employees' attention on critical aspects of their jobs ii. Energize behavior iii. Create tension between the current state and the desired state iv. Be truly accepted by workers
Traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams
in the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terns of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy is _______.
when messages are straightforward
in which of the following cases would written communication be preferable to oral communication?
training
means providing opportunites for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their job performance.
Piecework
one of the reasons items manufactured in southeast asia are imported into the united states less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. the manufacturers operating in southeast asia us what type of pay plan?
excellence, value, and conformance to expectations
quality is typically defined and measured in three ways. They are _________.
tasks require multiple perspectives
teams are typically required when _______.
application forms and resumes
the first selection device most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are _________.
attention, organization, interpretation, retention
the steps in the perceptual process in order are_______.
behavior and output
the two types of objective control mangers use are
Executive information systems, portals, and intranets
three kinds of information technology are used by executives, managers, and workers inside the company to access and share information. They are ________.
job descriptions and job specifications
two of the most important results of a job analysis are ________.
all applicants are asked the same questions
what is the primary advantage of the structured interview?
satisfy employees' lower-order needs before attempting to satisfy higher-order needs
what practical steps can a manager take to motivate employees to increase their effort?
Do all of these:
when teams are used properly and in the right settings, work teams can _______. -Help organizations respond to specific problems and challenges -dramatically improve company performance -instill a sense of vitality in the workplace that is otherwise difficult to achieve -increase customer satisfaction and quality
over reward
which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement contingency?
Bureaucratic immunity
which of the following is a factor that companies should carefully manage in order to increase the likelihood that teams will succeed?
initially high employee turnover
which of the following is a potential disadvantage associated with the use of work teams?
performing
which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?
reliability
which of the following quality characteristics can be applied to both goods and services?
sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex
which of the following statements about sexual harassment are true?
cognitive ability tests
which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs