Fundamentals PrepU Chapter 35: Nutrition

A nurse is discussing vitamin supplementation. Which groups are more prone to mild vitamin deficiencies? Select all that apply.

-Adolescents -Pregnant or lactating women -Strict vegetarians -Vitamin deficiencies are inherent with a few populations. Adolescents often eat fast food or skip breakfast and are prone to having vitamin deficiencies. Pregnant or lactating women have higher nutritional demands and may not consume enough vitamins to meet the demand. The vegan or total vegetarian diet includes only foods from plants: fruits, vegetables, legumes (dried beans and peas), grains, seeds and nuts and they lack protein vitamins.

A home health care nurse is educating a client and caregivers on how to administer an enteral feeding. Which teaching points are appropriate? Select all that apply.

-Check for leaking of gastric contents around the insertion site (e.g., Is the guard too loose or balloon not filled adequately?). -Clean around the gastric tube with soap and water, making sure it is adequately rinsed. -Keep the head elevated while delivering a gastric feeding and for approximately 1 hour after the feeding. -Mark gastrostomy tubes with an indelible marker and check the mark to make sure it is at the level of the abdominal wall.

Which clients, at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

-People with substance abuse problems -Older adults living on a fixed income -Pregnant teenagers -Examples of those in the United States at risk for an inadequate nutritional intake include older adults who are socially isolated or living on fixed income, homeless people, children of economically deprived parents, pregnant teenagers, people with substance abuse problems, and clients with eating disorders.

The client has a single-lumen peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the left upper arm and a peripheral inserted catheter in the right forearm. The client is prescribed a continuous TPN solution with a base of 35% dextrose. What interventions would the nurse implement prior to administering the first bottle of TPN? Select all that apply.

-Place an intravenous pump to administer the TPN at the bedside. -Obtain an infusion administration set that includes an in-line filter. -Inform the nursing assistive personnel to obtain a blood glucose level now and every 6 hours. -An intravenous pump ensures a constant infusion rate so the client does not receive the TPN at a rate faster or slower than prescribed. The nurse will use an infusion administration set that includes an in-line filter because the filter blocks large particulate matter, air, and microorganisms from entering the client's bloodstream. Blood glucose levels will be monitored every 6 hours due to risk for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia while receiving TPN.

A 28-year-old woman client is in an outpatient clinic with frequent reports of fatigue. Her physician has prescribed her ferrous sulfate 325 mg to treat iron-deficiency anemia. A nurse is teaching the client about medication administration. What food would be best consumed with her ferrous sulfate?

A glass of orange juice -Concurrent administration of vitamin C and iron helps with iron absorption.

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?

Assess when client generally eats meals -There are many reasons a client may refuse food that is served. The nurse should assess for food preferences, when the client generally eats, whether the client has digestive concerns, and cultural beliefs about foods.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a decrease in appetite. Which actions by the nurse would be appropriate?

Assist with oral hygiene before serving the meal tray -The client should be assisted with oral hygiene before serving the meal tray. This helps with the taste of the food. Serve small, frequent meals to avoid overwhelming the client. The bedside commode should be emptied of urine and feces before meal time. If possible, place the bedside commode in the bathroom. Medications and procedures should be scheduled when they will not interfere with meal time.

A client is reporting cracking fissures in the corner of her mouth. Which instruction should the nurse include in the information provided to the client?

Increase intake of eggs and milk -The client has presented with symptoms consistent with cheilosis. This may be the result of a Vitamin B2 deficiency. Good sources of this vitamin include milk and eggs.

Which nutrient does the nurse identify as appropriate for a client with a normal dietary order who is consuming 2000 calories daily?

Total fat less than 65 g -DVs are calculated in percentages based on standards set for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate, and fiber in a 2,000-cal diet. Total fat should be less than 65 g; saturated fat should be less than 20 g; cholesterol should be less than 300 mg; and sodium should be less than 2400 mg.

A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?

"My favorite drink is coffee with sugar." -Foods containing added sugar as a major ingredient tend to supply calories but few, if any, other nutrients. A client monitoring carbohydrate intake should be mindful of the intake of extra sugar.

A female client tells the nurse, "I try to consume 2000 calories daily by eating a variety of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats." What is the appropriate nursing response?

"That is a healthy amount of daily caloric intake." -Healthy adult women on average require 1800 to 2400 cal/day, with a mix of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

A nurse is conducting a health history interview for an older adult. Which question or statement should the nurse prioritize for nutritional assessment?

"What prescribed and over-the-counter medicines do you take?" -When collecting dietary data for an older adult, it is important to gather information about prescribed and over-the-counter medications to assess for food-drug interactions and adverse effects of medications.

The nurse researches factors that may alter nutrition. Which statements accurately describe factors that influence nutritional status? Select all that apply.

- Men and women differ in their nutrient requirements. - During pregnancy and lactation, nutrient requirements increase. -Nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life.

The nurse is educating a client with anemia about increasing iron in the diet. Which foods will the nurse teach the client that are high in iron? (Select all that apply.)

-Liver -Egg yolks -Tofu -Spinach

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which food will the nurse identify that contain dietary protein? (Select all that apply.)`

-beans -nuts -poultry -fish -Dietary proteins are obtained from animal and plant food sources, which include milk, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, soy, legumes (peas, beans, and peanuts), nuts, and components of grains.

A 40-year-old man has consumed a breakfast consisting of cereal, milk, orange juice, and coffee. His blood sugar in 2 hours is likely to be in what range?

140-180 mg/dL -Normal blood glucose should be between 80 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL. Blood glucose 2 hours after a meal can rise to between 140 and 180 mg/dL, depending on the person's age.

A nurse has completed tube feeding a client on a long-term care unit. How long should the nurse keep the head of the bed elevated after completion of the tube feeding?

60 minutes/1 hour -The head of the bed should stay elevated at least 1 hour following tube feeding to prevent back flow and possible aspiration of the formula into the lungs.

A nurse is teaching a client how to use the information on food labels to facilitate a healthy diet. The nurse has shown the client the label on a can of condensed soup, which states that a serving of the soup contains 46% of the daily value of sodium. What conclusion should the client draw from this information?

A bowl of this soup contains nearly half of the sodium that the client should consume during the day -A serving of this soup represents 46% of the total amount of sodium that client should consume during an entire day; this is a high-sodium food

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites -With glucose monitoring, blood from the fingertips shows changes in blood glucose more quickly than other testing sites. With signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, a fingertip site should be used.

A nurse is caring for a client who reports frequent nausea. Which food should the nurse recommend to the client when the nausea is relieved?

Clear fruit juices -Once nausea is relieved, assisting the client in resuming fluid intake and nourishment becomes a priority. The nurse starts this process gradually, offering sips of clear fluids such as fruit juices first.

The nurse is providing education to a client with high triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Which food should the client be cautioned to avoid?

Coconut -Coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil are highly saturated fats.

A nurse is learning about religious dietary restrictions at a nursing conference. Which religious meal selection should the nurse understand is appropriate?

Hindus: Vegetable plate -Hindus do not consume beef because cows are considered a sacred creature. They are typically vegetarians; therefore, a vegetable plate is appropriate for this client.

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube?

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water.

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid. What nutritional deficiency is linked to an enlarged thyroid?

Iodine -A chronic deficiency of iodine can lead to endemic goiter. The major initial symptom is an enlarged thyroid gland.

The nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant. Which nutrition education will the nurse provide?

More servings of milk daily will be required. -Children, adolescents, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers require more servings per day of certain food groups, particularly the milk group.

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

Negative Nitrogen Balance -A negative nitrogen balance exists when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake.

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her 6-month-old infant. What does the nurse inform the mother?

New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 5 to 7 days. -Solid foods are generally introduced between 4 and 6 months of age. New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 5 to 7 days so that any allergic reaction can be identified. Iron-fortified foods are recommended.

The nurse is providing education to a client who reports a poor calcium intake. What does the nurse tell the client is most likely to develop as a result of poor calcium intake?

Osteoporosis -Osteoporosis is a condition in which there is a reduction in bone density. Factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis may include chronically insufficient calcium intake, decreased estrogens, heredity factors, smoking, race, and decreased physical activity

The nurse is providing education to a client concerning calcium intake. During the discussion the nurse addresses a potential health concern related to inadequate calcium intake. Which condition is most impacted by inadequate calcium intake?

Osteoporosis -Osteoporosis is a condition in which there is a reduction in bone density. Factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis may include chronically insufficient calcium intake, decreased estrogens, heredity factors, smoking, race, and decreased physical activity.

The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the:

RDA level -RDA=Recommended Dietary Allowance

The nurse is reviewing the health assessment of a client. The nurse is concerned that the client may have a deficiency of Vitamin D. Which condition most supports this suspicion?

Rickets -Signs of vitamin D deficiency are rickets in children, poor dental health, tetany, and osteomalacia.

The nurse is caring for a client on a telemetry unit following a myocardial infarction. The client has undergone numerous medication changes since the event. Which food should be avoided when a client is taking warfarin sodium following a myocardial infarction?

Spinach -Spinach is an essential source of vitamin K. Since vitamin K is essential for clotting, it should be consumed sparingly with anticoagulant therapy.

A 66-year-old woman has atrial fibrillation for which she is on warfarin therapy. She asks the nurse if she has any dietary restrictions. The nurse would need to monitor the client's intake of:

Spinach -Spinach is high in vitamin K. Vitamin K is used by your body to produce some of the clotting factors in your blood, helping you to stop bleeding when you are hurt. For a patient who has problems with clots forming unnecessarily and in the wrong places, warfarin works by interfering with how your body uses vitamin

The charge nurse is observing a new nurse care for a client who is receiving a continuous feeding through a nasogastric feeding tube. Which actions by the new nurse would require intervention by the charge nurse?

The new nurse places the client in the left lateral recumbent position -This action is incorrect. The client should be assisted to a high-Fowler's position (45 degrees) and not a left lateral recumbent position as this position puts the client at risk for aspiration of the continuous feeding

A nurse teaches a student nurse about the role fats play in the human body. What is the major storage form of fat?

Triglycerides -Triglycerides are the predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body; they are composed of one glyceride molecule and three fatty acids.

The nurse is educating a group of adolescent girls on bone and teeth growth. Which fat-soluble vitamin assists to build bone and teeth?

Vitamin A -Vitamin A and D assist to build bone and teeth

The client reports to the nurse that she feels as if her eyes are persistently dry. This symptom is consistent with a deficiency in which dietary element?

Vitamin A -Vitamins A,D,E & K are fat soluable

A client has a history of long-term alcohol abuse. Which of the following nutrients would need to be required in increased amounts?

Vitamin B -the use of alcohol depletes the production of B vitamins in the liver; thus, they would need to be replaced

A nurse enters a client's room to perform a tube feeding. Which nursing action should be performed first?

aspirate contents and check pH -Nasogastric tube placement should be checked before flushing, giving medications, or feeding. After placement has been ensured, the gastric residual should be checked, the nasogastric tube should be flushed as ordered, and the tube feeding administered.

The nurse is caring for a client who wishes to include more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory foods in the diet. Which food will the nurse recommend?

cocoa -Cocoa and blueberries have been shown to have antioxidant properties.

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse will assess for complications related to:

fluid and electrolyte levels. -Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is nutrition administered through a central venous access and is high in nutrients and electrolytes. It is important to assess fluid and electrolyte levels with TPN infusions.

The community nurse is educating client groups about nutrition. Which group does the nurse identify that will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention?

older adults living on a fixed income -Older adults who are socially isolated or living on fixed incomes will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention.

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which does the nurse identify as highest risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome?

36-year old with obesity who smokes -Cardiometabolic syndrome includes combinations of obesity (particularly abdominal fat), hypertension, elevated blood glucose (insulin resistance), abnormal blood fat levels, smoking, and inflammatory markers.

The nurse is teaching a new mother who had decided to breast-feed her infant. What nutrient must be supplemented by the mother after the first four months of breast feeding?

Iron -Full-term healthy babies receive enough iron from their mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy to last for the first four months of life. The nurse should teach the mother that human milk contains little iron, so infants who are exclusively breastfed are at increased risk of iron deficiency after four months of age.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a vitamin B12 deficiency. Which food would the nurse recommend to help with this deficiency?

Liver -The best foods from which to obtain B12 include organ meats and seafood.

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

Low serum albumin levels -Serum albumin levels are a good indicator of a client's nutritional status; decreased levels are suggestive of malnutrition.

The nurse is helping a client who wishes to increase Omega-3 fatty acids order breakfast. Which food will the nurse recommend?

Salmon -Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish such as salmon, halibut, sardines, olive oil, flaxseed, walnuts, and certain types of legumes.

The nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory report. The report indicates the client's albumin level is 2.89 g/L (4.19 mmol/L). Which inference can the nurse make about the laboratory result?

The client has malnutrition -Serum albumin values reflect protein intake or absorption. Values of less than 3.5 g/dL (5 mmol/L) may indicate nutritional deficits and malnutrition or malabsorption.

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?

Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly found in vegetarians, particularly in strict vegans. Individuals who have such rigid dietary restrictions must take care to supplement this vitamin.

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B12 functions in the formation of mature red blood cells and in synthesis of DNA and RNA. This vitamin is only found in animal foods (meats, fish, poultry, milk, and eggs).

To promote health of the fetus, the nurse should instruct the woman in the first trimester of pregnancy to:

eat foods high in folic acid. -Folic acid deficiency in pregnant women can lead to neural tube deficits in the fetus.

Which nursing student statement regarding vegetarian diets requires further teaching from the nursing instructor?

"According to research, vegetarians have a higher incidence of obesity than others." -Vegetarians have a lower incidence of colorectal cancer and fewer problems with obesity and diseases associated with a high-fat diet.

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching?

"My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins." -Consuming megadoses (amounts exceeding those considered adequate for health) of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous. This statement requires further nursing teaching.

A nurse who is planning a diet for a client who has anorexia chooses nutrients that supply energy to the body. Which nutrients are these? Select all that apply.

-Carbohydrates -Proteins -Lipids -Carbohydrates, protein, and lipids (fats) are the nutrients that supply energy.

An older adult client who has a BMI of 28.1 and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports heartburn frequently. The nurse plans to teach the client how to manage and prevent heartburn. What information will the nurse include in the teaching for this client? Select all that apply.

-Plan a nutritious diet that will allow you to lose weight. -Do not use products that contain nicotine, such as tobacco and vaping devices. -Maintain a diet that is low in fat. -When teaching a client who has GERD, the nurse will include the following information: no smoking, a diet low in fat, and lose weight.

The nurse is teaching a client about ways in which to reduce sodium in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend that the client avoid? Select all that apply.

-Table salt -Cured ham -Bacon -Sodium is found in higher concentrations in table salt and bacon, and processed meats.

Which measures are used by the nurse to confirm the correct placement of a nasogastric feeding tube? Select all that apply.

-measuring tube length -monitoring carbon dioxide levels -measuring the pH levels of aspirated contents

A nurse is establishing an ideal body weight for a 5'9" (175 cm) healthy female. Based on the rule-of-thumb method, what would be this client's ideal weight?

145 lbs/65.7 kg -A general guideline, often called the rule-of-thumb method, determines ideal weight based on height. This formula is as follows: For adult females: 100 lb/45.3 kg (for height of 5 feet or 152 cm) + 5 lb / 2.2 kg for each additional inch (2.5 cm) over 5 feet. For adult males: 106 lb / 48 kg (for height of 5 feet) + 6 lb / 2.7 kg for each additional inch over 5 feet.

What is the body mass index (BMI) of a client who is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 70 kg?

24.8 -The BMI is the ratio of height to weight that more accurately reflects total body fat stores in the general population. To calculate the BMI: divide the weight in kilograms (kg) by the height in metres (m) then divide the answer by the height again to get the BMI.

The nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse recognizes that which client's lifestyle choice contributes most highly to risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome?

28-year old who eats fast food daily -The client with the modifiable risk factor of consuming daily fast food is at highest risk for developing cardiometabolic syndrome.

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR?

A client who has a fever -A client who has a fever would have an increased BMR. The energy needs of the body are increased due to the client's fever.

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

Adulthood -Periods of intense growth and development (such as during infancy, adolescence, pregnancy and lactation) increase nutrient needs. Nutrient needs stabilize during adulthood.

A client is found to be deficient in vitamin K. What complications should the nurse closely assess for related to this deficiency?

Bleeding tendencies -A deficiency in vitamin K will cause bleeding tendencies related to the inability for the blood to clot appropriately.

A nurse provides discharge education for a client diagnosed with ketosis. Which nutrient would be added to this client's diet?.

Carbohydrates -Ketosis is the catabolism of fatty acids that occurs when an individual's carbohydrate intake is not adequate; without adequate glucose, the catabolism is incomplete and ketones are formed, resulting in increased ketones.

Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines?

Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding. -The nurse should check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding. High gastric residual volumes (200 to 250 mL or greater) can be associated with high risk for aspiration and aspiration-related pneumonia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which liquid can be included in the client's diet?

Cranberry juice -Clear liquids include clear broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices (apple, cranberry, grape), gelatin, popsicles, and commercially prepared clear liquid supplements.

A nurse is working with a 46-year-old woman who is working to lose weight. Based on recommendations from the USDA regarding diet modification, which is not appropriate advice for this client?

Drink juice for majority of fluid intake. -Water should comprise the majority of fluid intake. The remainder should come from food sources such as fruit or 100% fruit juices.

A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. The nurse enters the room to flush the nasogastric tube and check gastric residual. Which action should the nurse perform first?

Elevate the head of the bed. -The head of the bed should be elevated before giving medications or performing a tube feeding.

A client resides in a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention would promote increased dietary intake?

Encourage the client to eat in the dining room -Encouraging the client to ear in the dining room will allow for socialization during meal time. This will have a positive effect on the amount of food consumed and provide enjoyment

A client has been on a clear liquid diet for 5 days. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements -A clear liquid diet for 5 days would not provide adequate nutrition. It does provide about 1000 calories but it is below the recommended range from 1,600 to 2,400 calories per day for adult women and 2,000 to 3,000 calories per day for adult men.

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend?

Milk -Milk contains vitamin D, which helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorous.

A client who is taking supplements complains of severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely:

Niacin -Niacin, part of the B vitamins, has a known side effect of flushing and itching after ingestion.

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

Normal -Normal blood glucose is 80 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 7 mmol/L).

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

Overweight -A client with a BMI below 18.5 should be considered underweight. A client with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered to be at a healthy weight. A client with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight; a client with a BMI of 30 or greater indicates obesity. A BMI greater than 40 is considered extreme obesity.

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?

Protein -Complete proteins contain sufficient amounts of the essential amino acids to maintain body tissues and to promote growth.

The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment of an obese client who visits a weight control clinic. What information should the nurse take into consideration when planning a weight reduction plan for this client?

Psychological reasons for overeating should be explored, such as eating as a release for boredom.

The nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia and is unable to eat independently. While assisting the client in eating, which action is most appropriate for the nurse?

Speak to the client, but reduce the number of distractions while client is eating. -Clients who have dysphagia need to eat slowly and be continually observed for signs of aspiration. Reducing the number of distractions at mealtime will help the client achieve this.

The nurse is teaching four clients in a community health center. Which client does the nurse identify as needing more servings per day of milk?

Teenager who is in the second trimester of pregnancy -Children, adolescents, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers require more servings per day of certain food groups, particularly the milk group.

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a client who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition?

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) -TPN is nutritional therapy that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and is administered through a central vein. PPN is nutritional therapy used for clients who have an inadequate oral intake and require supplementation of nutrients through a peripheral vein.

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm. -Food in the health care setting can often be unattractive and cool. Ensuring that it is appealing to the eyes and presented at the correct temperature can stimulate the client's appetite.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been experiencing prolonged wound healing from a surgical procedure. A deficiency in which nutrient would be associated with this condition?

Vitamin C -Poor wound healing is associated with deficiencies in vitamin C and protein.

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin E -Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K

When planning interventions in the immediate hours after birth the nurse recognizes the need to provide an injection of which vitamin (to manage a lack of it), due to lack of bacteria in the intestinal tract?

Vitamin K -Approximately half of the body's requirement of vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the lower intestinal tract.

A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet and drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient?

Vitamin K -Specific foods may interact with medications, altering the effectiveness of the drug. Vegetables high in vitamin K decrease the effectiveness of the commonly used anticoagulant warfarin.

A client who is vegetarian talks with the nurse about eating complementary proteins. Which combination of foods will the nurse identify that complement each other?

navy beans and whole wheat bread -Legumes generally complement grains, breads, and cereals.