Fundementals of COMM practice questions (final exam)
Student of plato who disagreed in part with Isocrates and Sophists Found rhetoric to benefit in many ways Saw rhetoric as a creative process of what should be said and an important tool for engaging in civic life
Aristotle is who
a tool used for categorizing individuals and groups according to their psychographic traits
VALS framework (values, attitudes, lifestyles)
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active) At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive) Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. (active) The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. (passive) Sue changed the flat tire. (active) The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)
active voice vs passive voice
Persuasive speech should include: Ethos Logos Pathos All of the above
all of the above
Ethos- credibility of the speaker Logos- logic of the argument Pathos- emotional appeal that can persuade an audience
aristotles 3 parts of persuasion
organizing your arguments
arrangement
which of the following is not measured by demographics Attitudes Race Age Gender
attitudes
People motivated by ideals but do not have lots of resources are labeled by VALS framework as Believers Achievers Thinkers Experiences ** know believers and thinkers
believers
people motivated by ideals but who do not have a significant amount of resources
believers (3)
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both informative and epideictic speech? Both provide information on an event They share no characteristics Both use the same language type Both seek only to persuade the audience
both provide information on an event
the use of force or threats to make someone do something agaist his or her will
coercion
the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others
communication apprehension
an element that evokes emotions by condensing them into one symbolic event
condensation symbol
In the linear model of communication, the process of taking a message and giving it meaning is Decoding Encoding Filtering Referencing
decoding
manner in which you are physically and verbally present
delivery
information on selected population characteristics used by the government, market researchers, and speech writer
demographic data
your level of credibility during the speech that comes with what you say and how you say it
derived credibility
referential doesn't have the emotion attached to it Condensation has a deeper emotional level attached to it
difference between referential and condensation
-A signpost that the speeches end is near -Restate of the thesis -A clincher- close with impact (using 1 of the same 5 ways we discussed to open with impact) ** be clear your audience knows the take away
elements of a conclusion (3)
All roman numerals no A's B's and C'S attention getter (open with impact) thesis statement credibility statement preview statement transition into body
elements of an intro (5)
Which type of speech generally uses the most emotional language and less logic? Informative Persuasive Argument Epidictic
epidictic
universal knowledge or common understandings
episteme
When you speak using notes Requires much practice and good notes Makes it easier to have an actual and fluid delivery Improved eye contact
extemporaneous delivery
In an outline if you have a two you must have a three True or false
false
The VALS framework is designed to place people into categories based on demographic information true or false
false
the last type of credibility = derived credibility true or false
false
A brief statement of what the speaker intends to do, overarching goal of the speech
general purpose
what is the first statement you create for your outline?
general purpose
-use language you know and are comfortable with -eliminate wordiness -know when to use a thesaurus and when not to -use active (present tense) rather than passive (past tense) whenever possible -use "i, me, we" language -respect differences in others avoid "ist" language (racist, sexist etc)
guidelines for using language
a physiological process of capturing sound conducted by ears and brains.--involuntary
hearing
little or no preparation time 2. Can be very nerve wracking 3. Speakers need to create a mental outline 4. Celebratory events are common occurrences for these 5. The audience has low expectations 6. Make your main points and then tell them again
impromptu speech / delivery
language that avoids certain expressions, phrases, or words especially generdered pronouns that intentionally or unintentionally exclude groups of people
inclusive language
Moving from specific evidence to general conclusion is using which type of reasoning Deductive Casual Conclusive Inductive
inductive
What is the last stage of the persuasive process? Issue awareness Integration Comprehension Acceptance
integration
what is intuitvely, what feels to be true without conscious reasoning to much or too little of anything is bad
intermediate
serves as an outline of what is to come next in a speech often combined with transition statements provides the preview of what is to come next
internal preview
statements which summarize what you already covered and can precede transitions
internal summary
finding the best way to get someone to agree with you
invention
Ciero's 5 cannons of rhetoric
invention arrangement style delivery memory
The notion that language is hierarchical means that: Language has negatives Language places values of more and less on everything Is it ambiguous It is both abstract and concrete
language places values of more and less on everything
is the psychological process of making sense out of sounds, and involves paying attention to the external world.--voluntary
listening
when a speaker willfully makes untrue statements to an audience
lying by commission
ways to lose credibility
lying by commission, lying by omission, mainpulation, and coercion
when a speaker willfully chooses not to acnowledge facts about sid or her argument that might damage its effectivenss
lying by omission
Which of the following is not an element of an introduction in the outline? Thesis statement Credibility statement Main point Connecting with audience
main point
Which of the following is not one of the four functions of rhetoric, according to Aristotle? Analyze both sides of a question Manipulate messages Teach an audience Uphold truth and justice
manipulate messages
the deliverate misrepresentation of facts and evidence to an audience
manipulation
a mode of delivery where an intimate relationship between the speaker and the text is necessary. a lot of advance notice is required
memorized speech
less important today- but the ability to speak without notes
memory
five-step organizational pattern that combines psychological elements with speech persuasion to move an audience to action. (most effective way to persuasively speak**)
monroe's motivated sequence org pattern
Powerpoint some radio clips and a short interview with a shopkeeper is considered: Multimedia presentation Powerpoint extra Combined visuals Electronic visual aids
multimedia presentation
can combine video, audio, picture, and notes into one presentation
multimedia presentations
Emotional appeal refers to the speakers use of Logos Ethos Pathos All of the above
pathos
Major difference between linear model of communication of communication and transactional model of communication Feedback is automatic People send and receive messages at the same time Decoding is learned Noise can interfere with the message
people send and receive messages at the same time
The outline that lets you gather and organize information is what type? Speaking Manuscript Preparation Key word
preparation
detailed outlines that uses full sentences next to symbols in an effort to help you organize your speech
preparation outline
credibility before the speech. what you have done in the past whether related to the topic or not often creates an impression in the audience minds
prior ethos
a means or organizing a persuasive speech in which you discuss the problem first then its root of cause, then your preferred solution that addresses both the problem and the inherent cause I-problem II- cause Solution
problem-cause-solution order
a means of organizaing a persuasive speech in which you discuss the problem first and follow with a discussion on your preferred soultion I- Problem II- Evidence III- Solution , one solution or multiple depends on how you want to design that speech
problem-solution order
data that mesures attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and motivations (not available in demographic data)
psychographic data
Professor is arguing that the university should have a fixed final exam rule for faculty and students, this is a question of what Question of fact Question of value Question of policy Question of an issue
question of policy
an element in objects or events that refers to a specific message or aspect of a message
referential symbol
Which of the following is an example of demographic data? Psychographics Religion Lifestyle Taste
religion
Today I am going to describe you the terrain of the state of Texas which pattern will be used Chronological Spatial Problem-solution Problem-cause-solution
spatial
truncated form of the preparation outline They do not use full sentences can have full sentences if using a direct quote is like a shorthand version of the preparation outline
speaking outline
Which of the following is not true? Speaking outlines use full sentences Speaking outline is a truncated form of a prep outline Speaking outline can have delivery cues embedded Speaking outline is a shorthand version of a prep outline
speaking outlines use full sentences
A narrower version of the general purpose statement Identifies what you will talk about provides a good foundation upon which to construct the outline. One, single declarative sentence Ex: At the end of the speech my audience will know how Oprah Winfrey inspires me *** goes at the top of your outline, the audience doesn't hear it its for your eyes and ears only
specific purpose
after getting a general purpose done, you need to create your _____________
specific purpose
After getting her general purpose statement done Mary Allison knew she next needed to create: Thesis statement Transition Internal summary Specific purpose statement
specific purpose statement
Which of the following is not a type of informative speech? Speech about an object Speech about a policy Speech about a concept Speech about a process
speech about a policy
These speeches inform an audience about beliefs, values, or theories They do not try to convert the audience to a particular view They almost always use one organizational pattern Speeches may be about: a belief system, love, depression, a theory, politics, economy, etc
speeches about concepts (informative speeches)
Combine aspects of both speeches about objects and processes a. Might be about people b. May show the process of the event unfolding Informative speeches about events can cover different time periods. Past present or future a. The event could be from the past b. Could be occurring at the moment c. The event could be also in the future Event speeches can use several different organizational patterns a. Chronological, topical, spatial
speeches about events (informative speeches)
Speeches of self presentation May be a student first speech in a speech class Brief and focuses upon life highlights May include important events and the speaker's achievements Speakers philosophy may be presented
speeches about objects (informative speech)
Use a chronological pattern of organization A. They can be about tasks audience members may do B. Can be considered "how to" speeches C. Ex: building a house, sign up to vote, fill out college applications etc Can also cover political, economical, religious, or cultural things
speeches about processes (informative)
Which one of cicero's canons of rhetoric deals with word choice? Style Memory Arrangement Delivery
style
choice of words, level of formality etc
style
Preparation outlines use full sentences next to Letters Symbols/outline notations Grammar cues Numbers
symbols/outline notations
According to Aristotle which level of knowledge comes from a person's experiences? Truth Intermediate Techne Episteme
techne
experimental knowledge from your own encounters
techne
Aristotle's lyceum three types of gaining knowledge
techne episteme intermediate
the credibility with which you end your speech with
terminal credibility
sender- the person who delivers the message encoding-taking thoughts feelings and ideas and turn them into a message, symbols to send them across a channel to get them to the receiver channel- text, face to face, email, phone call, etc noise- anything that interferes w the receiving or encoding of a message (always internal noise not always external) receiver- the person or persons who receives the encoded message by the sender the communication is all on the sender. the receiver is at the end of the process. ex: youtube video, broadcast, taped message. the speaker sends a message and there is no further interaction
the linear model
3 main points one of the 5 elements that goes into your introduction, gets restated at the end of speech
thesis statement
mature, responsible, well educated professional who are motivated by ideals
thinkers (2)
information is constantly flowing back and forth such as a conversation. the same as the shannon-weaver model but it adds the component of feedback- responses and reactions to the messages transmitted by the sender.
transactional model
connective statements that signal you are finished with one point and moving on to another ex: now that you know what i am going to cover lets get started
transitions
where the act of going somewhere sends a message
travel spectacle
a cross is a perfect example of a condensation symbol true or false
true
the conclusion is the last chance for a speaker to persuade true or false
true
when a speaker introduces irrelevant material to change the subject = fallacy of red herring true or false
true
ask a question short story quote joke
ways to open and close with impact
manuscript speeches
written and you have the writing with you
