Fungal Infections
What is Tinea Pedis?
-"Athletes foot" -Dermatophyte Infection -Most common
What is Tinea Curis?
-"Jock Itch" -Dermatophyte Infection
What is Tinea Corporis?
-"Ringworm" -Dermatophyte Infection
What is Candidiasis?
-A fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida -Most common: Candida albicans
What is Tinea Unguium?
-A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails -Dermatophyte Infection
In general, how do we treat Dermatophyte (Tinea) Infection?
-Azole's -Terbinafine (Lamisil) -Dry it out, prevent the spread by covering -Absorb the moisture with antifungal powders
What is a Kerion? What disease is it associated with?
-Boggy, pustular, indurated, tumor like mass -An inflammatory hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus -Tinea Capitis
What is Intertigo?
-Candidiasis of large skinfolds -Usually older women with pendulous breasts, obese patients with hanging skin in the abdomen, axilla, rectum, etc
What are the 2 categories of fungal infections?
-Dermatophyte Infections -Yeast Infections
Pityriasis versicolor can run in ____________, but not _______________?
-Families -Contagious
What does Tinea Curis look like?
-Fan shaped lesions, -Bilateral -Annular plaques with central clearing
What is Acute Vesicular Tinea Pedis ?
-Inflammatory infection that shows rapidly developing vesicles or bulla under a thick scale of the sole -Rare
What are the 3 types of Tinea Pedis?
-Interdigital Tinea Pedis -Chronic scaly plantar surface "moccasin-type" -Acute Vesicular Tinea Pedis
What is Chronic scaly plantar surface "moccasin-type"?
-Itchy and shows a white silvery scale
What does Tinea Capitis look like?
-Kerion -Black dot ringworm -Gray patch
What does Tinea Corporis look like?
-Lesions are generally annular with peripheral enlargement and central clearing -There tends to be a scaling or active boarder that can sometimes be pustular or vesicular
What genus of yeast fungi is responsible for Pityriasis versicolor?
-Malassezia -Dependent on lipids for survivial
What are "id" reactions?
A second wave of vesicles that follow and represent an allergic reaction to the fungus "dermatophytid" or "id"
What is Candidal Balanitis?
Acute infection of candida of the foreskin and glands penis
What is commonly refered to as a yeast infection?
Candidiasis in the vagina
Tinea Corporis is typically acquired by...?
Contact with an infected person or animal
What is Angular cheilitis?
Cracking at the corners of the mouth due to Candidiasis
What is Majocchi's granuloma?
Deep, persistent suppurative folliculitis (hair follicle infection) caused by dermatophyte fungi (tinea)
What is Tinea Incognito?
Missed Dx and steroid application changes the look and it can be difflicult to recognize
What is invasive Candidiasis?
Occurs when Candida species enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body
What does the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test look like for Pityriasis versicolor?
Resemble spaghetti and meatballs
What is a unique feature of Diaper Candidiasis?
The creases area spared
Tinea Curis is commonly seen with...?
Tinea Pedis
What are you looking for under the microscope in a KOH test?
Translucent, branching, rod shaped filaments (hyphae)
T/F Wood's lamp makes Pityriasis versicolor appear yellowish-green in color
True
List the Yeast Infections:
a. Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor) b. Candidiasis
List the Dermatophyte Infections:
a. Tinea pedis (feet and hands) b. Tinea cruris (inguinal folds) c. Tinea capitis (scalp) d. Tinea corporis and Tinea faciale (body and face) e. Tinea unguium /onychomycosis (nails)
Tinea Unguium vs Onychomycosis?
-Onychomycosis means infection of the nail by any mold, dermatophyte, or yeast. -Tinea Unguium means infection of the nail by a dermatophyte only.
How do we treat Tinea Unguium/Onychomycosis?
-Oral Lamisil (terbinafine) -Sporanox (itraconazole)
What is Thrush?
-Oropharyngeal Candidiasis -Candidiasis that develops in the mouth or throat
What are the symptoms of Candidiasis?
-Redness or soreness in the affected areas -The primary lesion is a pustule and the contents of it start to dissect horizontally under the stratum corneum and peel it away -This leaves a red denuded, glistening surface with a long, cigarette paper like scale and advancing boarder
Wood's light can detect which Tinea?
-Tinea Corporis (Hair only) -Microsporum
What is Pityriasis versicolor?
-Tinea Veriscolor -Out of control yeast growth -Yeast infection -Warm, humid environment ("Haole rot" in Hawaii)
What is Interdigital Tinea Pedis?
-Toe webs showing itchy, chronic scaling, fissured or macerated and soggy
What fungus causes Tinea Pedis?
-Trichophyton (T.) rubrum -T. interdigitale -Epidermophyton floccosum
What fungus is responsible for Tinea Curis?
-Trichophyton rubin -Epidermophyton Floccosum
What fungus is responsible for Tinea Capitis?
-Trichophyton tonsurans -Microsporum
T/F: Tinea Capitis is very contagious?
-True -Spreads through crowded impoverished inner-city communities
What are some environmental or hereditary factors leading to fungal infections?
-Warm, moist, and occluded environments -Family Hx of Tinea -Lowered Immune system
What does Pityriasis versicolor look like?
-Well defined (colored) oval macules with or without fine scales -The macules may coalesce to form larger patches. -Trunk, neck and arms
What are the 3 types of fungal infections we covered?
1. Dermatophytes 2. Candidiasis 3. Tinea Versicolor
What is Diaper Candidiasis?
Elevated pH occur when urine and stool mix predisposing the breakdown of the epidermal barrier
