GB
The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for _____ that is drained from the hepatic ducts in the liver.
Bile
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct system that drains the liver into the common bile duct
Choledochal cyst
Dilation of the common duct that may cause obstruction
Cholecystokinin
Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes
Sludge
Low-level echoes found along the posterior margin of the gallbladder; move with change in position
Hydrops
Massive enlargement of the gallbladder
Choledocholithiasis
Stones in the bile duct
Gallbladder
Storage pouch for bile
Cholesterolosis
Variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps
Bilirubin
Yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells
The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreatic duct, and together they open through a small Ampulla _____ into the duodenal wall.
Ampulla of Vader
Porcelain gallbladder
Calcification of the gallbladder wall
Klatskin's tumor
Cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetric obstruction of the billiard tree
Porta hepatis
Central area of the liver where the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter
The common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct to form the _____
Common bile duct
Cystic duct
Connects gallbladder to the common hepatic duct
The arterial supply of the gallbladder is from the _______ artery, which is a branch of the right hepatic artery.
Cystic artery
Jaundice
Excessive Bilirubin accumulation causes yellow pigment of the skin; first seen in the whites in the eyes
Common bile duct
Extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct
Phrygian cap
Gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bent back on itself
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the bile duct
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder; may be acute or chronic
Murphy's sign
Positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation
Common duct
Refers to common bile and hepatic ducts when cystic duct is not seen
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
Sphincter of oddi
Small muscle that guards the Ampulla of Vader
Ampulla of Vader
Small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions
Hartmann's pouch
Small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect
Adenomyomatosis
Small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall
Junctional fold
Small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall
Polyp
Small well-defined soft tissue projection from the gallbladder wall
Wall echo shadow (WES) sign
Sonographic pattern found when the gallbladder is packed with stones
The end parts of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct and the Ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as the _______
Spinter of oddi
What are the two primary functions of the extrahepatic biliary tract?
The transportation of bile from the liver to intestine and the regulation of its flow
Heister's valve
Tiny valves found within the cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Travels horizontally through the pancreas to join the common bile duct at the Ampulla of Vader