GB

The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for _____ that is drained from the hepatic ducts in the liver.

Bile

Common hepatic duct

Bile duct system that drains the liver into the common bile duct

Choledochal cyst

Dilation of the common duct that may cause obstruction

Cholecystokinin

Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

Sludge

Low-level echoes found along the posterior margin of the gallbladder; move with change in position

Hydrops

Massive enlargement of the gallbladder

Choledocholithiasis

Stones in the bile duct

Gallbladder

Storage pouch for bile

Cholesterolosis

Variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps

Bilirubin

Yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells

The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreatic duct, and together they open through a small Ampulla _____ into the duodenal wall.

Ampulla of Vader

Porcelain gallbladder

Calcification of the gallbladder wall

Klatskin's tumor

Cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetric obstruction of the billiard tree

Porta hepatis

Central area of the liver where the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter

The common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct to form the _____

Common bile duct

Cystic duct

Connects gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

The arterial supply of the gallbladder is from the _______ artery, which is a branch of the right hepatic artery.

Cystic artery

Jaundice

Excessive Bilirubin accumulation causes yellow pigment of the skin; first seen in the whites in the eyes

Common bile duct

Extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct

Phrygian cap

Gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bent back on itself

Cholelithiasis

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Cholangitis

Inflammation of the bile duct

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder; may be acute or chronic

Murphy's sign

Positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation

Common duct

Refers to common bile and hepatic ducts when cystic duct is not seen

Cholecystectomy

Removal of the gallbladder

Sphincter of oddi

Small muscle that guards the Ampulla of Vader

Ampulla of Vader

Small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions

Hartmann's pouch

Small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect

Adenomyomatosis

Small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall

Junctional fold

Small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall

Polyp

Small well-defined soft tissue projection from the gallbladder wall

Wall echo shadow (WES) sign

Sonographic pattern found when the gallbladder is packed with stones

The end parts of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct and the Ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as the _______

Spinter of oddi

What are the two primary functions of the extrahepatic biliary tract?

The transportation of bile from the liver to intestine and the regulation of its flow

Heister's valve

Tiny valves found within the cystic duct

Pancreatic duct

Travels horizontally through the pancreas to join the common bile duct at the Ampulla of Vader