ids 200 exam 2

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Sequence

-map the process -identify problem points -brainstorm or otherwise devise alternatives to problem points -try them out -evaluate, revise, repeat

2-Phase Commit

A distributed system's transaction control that requires updates to complete or rollback

SaaS (Software as a Service)

A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online.

client/server architecture

A network design in which client computers use a centrally administered server to share data, data storage space, and devices.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

A service model in which hardware services are provided virtually, including network infrastructure devices such as virtual servers.

Ease of use/management of cloud service models

SaaS>PaaS>IaaS True costs should be cheapest for IaaS (but for small scale use: SaaS is often free)

Data Silos

Stand alone data stores not accessible by other information systems that need data, cannon consistently be updated. Exist from a lack of IT architecture, only support single functions, and do not support cross-functional needs.

External factors

State of the economy, new technology, and competition

Fictional Strategies

Strategies of individual

Functional Strategies

Strategies of individual departments such as accounting, HR, and marketing

Consistency

any database operation starting from a consistent state will end up in a consistent state.

Alignment

making sure the different factional strategies all support the overall organizational strategy

Data Mining: Correlations-Lift

measures the increase of confidence over support: if you know someone bought a Big Mac, how much more like are they going to buy fries?

client/server model

software runs on the local computer (the client) and communicates with the remote server to request information or services. A server is a remote computer on the network that provides information or services in response to client requests. Advantage: Scales better, easier to add more machines separately to any tier.

Recommendations obtained from data mining:

-Finding new, often surprising patterns in data -Positive & negative correlations -Trends over time

Cloud Attributes:

-backups (automatic, reliable) -elastic (can make abrupt changes in system usage) -metered (how else to track usage without long-term contract) -pooled resources: many clients for a large cloud service sharing use o the system, economies of scale & smoother demand profile -service-based: ideally, rather than rent specific machines, clients use services on virtual servers

Cloud service security

1. business used to wary of cloud for security reasons 2. generally better than non-cloud security bc of survivorship bias and experience. Survivorship bias example: people who survive sinking boat can probably swim.

deadlock

2 operations are directly blocking each other so, each is waiting for the other to finish & thus can't go forward

livelock

2 processes are trying to get around each other but the way they are doing it creates a new block

Porter's Five Forces

Also known as Industry and Competitive Analysis. A framework considering the interplay between (1) the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors, (2) the threat of new entrants, (3) the threat of substitute goods or services, (4) the bargaining power of buyers, and (5) the bargaining power of suppliers.

Amazon EC2 and S3

Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service (SaaS) Amazon EC2 - Elastic compute Cloud (IaaS or Paas)

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Cloud-based virtual server(s). These virtualized platforms give programmers tools needed to deploy, administer, and maintain a Web application.

Data Mining: Correlations-Confidence

Conditional probability, high id knowing a customer bought a Big Mac makes it more likely they bought fries

2-Phase Commit Diagram

Ensuring that two (or more) linked databases have the same data values after a transaction 1.) Request to prepare 2.) Prepared 3.) Commit 4.) Done

Flexibility of cloud service models

IaaS>PaaS>SaaS

Development

Identify organizational strengths and weaknesses, consider options, and pick

Cloud Service Models:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): hardware only Platform as a Service (PaaS): hardware + operating system + basic apps (like db) Software as a Service (SaaS): hardware + operating system + immediately usable apps

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.

Tight Coupling

The system components are custom fitted for each other; for example it's know that they're running the same OS

Loose Coupling

The system components are free of any such dependencies; for example a web app that can run any web browser

Atomicity

The transaction property that requires all parts of a transaction to be treated as a single, indivisible, logical unit of work. All parts of a transaction must be completed or the entire transaction is aborted. Any transaction involving multiple systems either success on all or fails on all systems, not a mix.

Goal of 2-Phase Commit

You have 2+ related databases, after transaction attempt they should all be consistent. Either all show the transaction went through ( if it did) or show the attempt failed.

cluster analysis

a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible

n-tier architecture

attempts to balance the workload between client and server by removing application processing from both the client and server and placing it on a middle-tier server. Typically runs most app operations

Transaction Fraud

deleting, altering, or adding false transactions to steal assets

Data Mining: Tree Analysis

is broken down into a series of sub-questions, each with one or more choices or answers. The decision tree algorithm formalizes this approach.

Data Mining: Correlations-Support

is high if two products are often bought together (ex. bigmac and fires)

Isolation

outside lookers don't see the inside the database while a transaction.... (add more)

Culture

prevent some options being considered while favoring others

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data

Data Mining: Regression Analysis

technique used to predict a range of numeric values (also called continuous values), given a particular dataset...Regression is used across multiple industries for business and marketing planning, financial forecasting, environmental modeling and analysis of trends.

concurrency

the ability of multiple users to access same data simultaneously

Value Chain

the series of internal departments that carry out value-creating activities to design (creating product), produce, market, deliver, and support a firm's products Secondary activités: indirectly involved, such as customer service. Sequence of activities for converting inputs to some salable product every state should add some value otherwise why do it?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

uses more compact JavaScript style which is readable by any web browser and supports arrays => widely used now

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

uses opening & closing tags for each element/attribute, fo it's more bulky, not directly usable in web applications, doesn't directly support arrays=> rarely uses now

Strategies

• alignment • culture • development • external factors • functional strategies • internal factors • organizational strategies • SWOT analysis • tactics