GE 112 Quiz 3
carbonation, in terms of chemical weathering, occurs when
water vapor dissolves carbon dioxide, yielding precipitation that contains carbonic acid
which of the following human activities can contribute to mass movement
any human disturbance of a slope, including road cuts, surface mining, and development
salt-crystal growth (salt weathering ) is prevalent in which climate type
arid
which is the following is not necessary for well-developed karst to develop
arid condition
the fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of
frost wedging
chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of
higher rainfall and temperatures
which of the following is not a type of physical weathering process
hydrolysis
Extensive landscapes formed by the dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rock and characterized by pitted, bumpy surface topography, poor surface drainage, and well developed solutions channels are known as
karst topography
continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the coalescing of sinkholes to form a
karst valley
a translational slide involves
movement of surface material along a planar surface
frost wedging is an example of ________ weathering processes
only physical
the type of mass movement in which material moves in a unit along a zone of weakness is
slides
a slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
soil creep
the maximum incline at which sediments on a slope can remain at rest before being pulled downward by gravity is known as the
angle of repose
which of the following is not exogenic in nature
tectonic uplift
hydration involves
the addition of water with little chemical change
hyrolysis involves
the chemical reaction of water
the principle that landscape formation is balance between endogenic and exogenic processes is called
the dynamic equilibrium model
________ occurs as rock surfaces heated by the sun during the day expand slightly, and then contract with nighttime cooling
thermal expansion
landscape formation is a balancing act between tectonic uplift and denudation. this figure depicts which of the following
dynamic equilibrium with threshold
a ________ is a type of debris flow associated with volcanic activity
lahar
the downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as
mass movement
which of the following is not a class of mass movement
slip
chemical weathering that softens and rounds the sharp edges and corners of jointed rock is known as
spheroidal weathering
a slope is ________ if its strength exceed denudation processes and ________ if its materials are weaker than denudation processes
stable; unstable
which of the following are examples of dripstones
stalactites
plants are important to the development of karst primarily because
they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process
other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is
water
the process that breaks down rock at the earths surface through disintegration of rocks into mineral particles or dissolving it into water is known as
weathering
cones and cockpit karst develop in
wet tropical areas
pitted rock surfaces known as tafoni, or honey comb weathering, result from ________ weathering
salt-crystal growth
which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement
saturation, over-steepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions
the dynamic equilibrium model refers to
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
flows involve
a slurry of unconsolidated materials moving downslope
if a material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of
both friction and inertial resistance
any large cave formed by chemical processes is a
cavern
when rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is
chemical weathering
all processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of
denudation
rocks of the same composition and structure found in the same area may have weathered at uneven rates due to a variety of factors. this is know as
differential weathering
the uplift of mountains is caused by
endogenic processes
when pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-releasing jointing. the joints then separate into curved slabs. this is known as
exfoliation
exfoliation is most common in
foliated metamorphic rocks
rust formed by the reaction fo iron and oxygen in the presence of water is an example of
oxidation
the consolidation or unconsolidated materials from which soils develop is known as
parent material
when rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is
physical weathering
when the upper surface of consolidated rock undergoes constant weathering, it creates broken-up rock called
regolith
factors influencing the weathering process include
rock composition and structure, climate, organic processes, and subsurface water
the presence of talus slopes indicates the occurrence of
rockfall
________ may form at the bottom of cockpits and may even be an important cause of cockpit karst topography
sinkholes
the weathering of limestone can create circular depressions known as
sinkholes