gen bio exam 2

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________

plasmodesmata

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell.

Which of the following is NOT a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cells.

Receptor proteins

transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli.

Chromosomes are

condensed chromatin

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy

Which of the following is not a function of junction proteins?

to permit cells to recognize one another.

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the enzyme of the first reaction

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for the cell activities?

ATP

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

_____ are bacterial structures involved in the passage of DNA into or out of the cell.

conjugation pili

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if Enzyme 2 is defective and nonfunctional?

Substrate Y would not be metabolized.

Mitochondria & chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ______________.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

A cell being observed under a microscope is seen to possess a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and chromosome materials that are not found in a nucleus. Based on this, it could be

a cell from a bacterium.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active transport

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

acts as the control center of the cell

Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with

an electron microscope

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Osmosis includes

both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane

In the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment?

c

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant to product?

c

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia?

cell from the trachea (windpipe)

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

cell wall

What function does the nucleolus have?

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles via

cytoskeleton

Surface to volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by

developing finger-like projections.

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

Kelly would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium: a singular cell organism.The best device to do this would be a

electron microscope

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane, thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

exocytosis

In what function do the embedded membrane proteins at "c" serve?

facilitated and active transport

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Disease-causing bacteria often attach to cells they attack. The bacterial structures used to aid that attachment are ____

fimbriae

Without tight junctions in certain tissues

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane bound package also known as a vesicle?

golgi appratus

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a ________ environment.

hypertonic

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

hypotonic solution

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the ___

induced fit model

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

isotonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reactions by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of what organelle to help assist in the tail loss.

lysosomes

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape.

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell?

mitochondria

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently the cell dies and so the person gets better! In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

not allowing them to produce proteins.

Which of the following structures would NOT be seen in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins.

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP?

passive transport

A white blood cell surrounds an engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix?

proteins

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Cell size is limited because _____________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface area to volume ratio