Gen Psych Chpt 2 College

-1 and +1

A correlation coefficient will always have a value between a. 0% and 100%. b. -10 and +10. c. -1 and +1. d. 0 and +1.

that changes value because of the systematic manipulation in the experiment

A dependent variable in an experiment refers to the variable a. held constant across the experimental conditions. b. deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. c. that changes value because of the systematic manipulation in the experiment. d. that the experimenter is depending on to cause something to happen in the experiment.

predictions

Hypotheses are typically expressed as a. theories. b. variables. c. predictions. d. statistics.

independent; dependent

If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish a cause-effect relationship, the ____ variable would be the cause, and the ____ variable would be the effect. a. dependent; independent b. independent; dependent c. control; experimental d. independent; confounded

makes it impossible to use inferential statistics

Sampling bias is a problem because it a. limits the generality of the findings. b. makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. c. makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. d. makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is.

Understanding and prediction

Scientific theories are most directly associated with which goal of science? a. Application and control b. Construction and revision c. Measurement and description d. Understanding and prediction

placebo effect

Sometimes a subject's expectations may lead to behavior change in the absence of any effective treatment. This is referred to as an example of a. sampling bias. b. experimenter bias. c. socially desirable responding. d. the placebo effect.

Analyze the data and draw conclusions

Statistical procedures are used during which step in conducting a scientific investigation? a. Collect the data b. Select a research method and design the study c. Report the findings d. Analyze the data and draw conclusions

The range of correlation coefficient goes from -1 to +1. -1 is a strong negative correlation, 0 is no correlation, and +1 is a strong positive correlation.

The range of correlation coefficient goes from -1 to +1. -1 is a strong negative correlation, 0 is no correlation, and +1 is a strong positive correlation.

be carefully chosen so that they represent a sample of the population

The subjects who participate in an experiment should a. all be chosen from the same geographical area and socioeconomic class. b. be allowed to choose in which group they would like to be. c. come from a wide range of different age groups. d. be carefully chosen so that they represent a sample of the population.

experimental and descriptive/correlational research methods

The two main types of research methods used in psychology are the a. experimental and descriptive/correlational research methods. b. experimental and case study research methods. c. descriptive and correlational research methods. d. descriptive/correlational and case study research methods.

the color of the room

A group of researchers wanted to determine if people will eat more food in a room with red paint than in a room that is decorated blue. Half the participants in this study ate in a red room and half ate in a blue room. The researchers then measured how much food was consumed in each of the two rooms. In this study, the independent variable was a. the type of food that was available during the study. b. the amount of food that was consumed. c. the color of the room. d. how hungry the participants were at the end of the study.

an independent variable

A researcher is measuring the heart rate of subjects as an index of anxiety. In this study, heart rate is a. a confounded variable. b. negatively correlated with anxiety. c. an independent variable. d. an operational definition of anxiety.

dependent variable

A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the rats' maze-running performance is the a. correlated variable. b. control variable. c. dependent variable. d. independent variable.

hypothesis

A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is a(n) a. variable. b. hypothesis. c. theory. d. operational definition.

an extraneous variable

A variable, other than the independent variable, that appears to have influenced the dependent variable in a study is referred to as a. a covariate. b. an extraneous variable. c. a redundant variable. d. an inverse bias.

the exercise

An experimenter tests the hypothesis that physical exercise improves mood. Subjects in the experimental group participate on Monday and Tuesday and those in the control group on Wednesday and Thursday. What is the independent variable? a. the hypothesis b. the day of the week c. the exercise d. the mood (degree of happiness)

variables

Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study are called a. hypotheses. b. correlations. c. variables. d. confounds.

independent variable

In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called the a. dependent variable. b. independent variable. c. control variable. d. stimulus variable.

systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator a. systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them. b. manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether there are changes in a second variable as a result. c. exposes subjects to two closely related treatment conditions. d. simultaneously manipulates two or more independent variables.

-0.89

Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables being measured is a. +0.65. b. -0.89. c. 0.00. d. +3.45.

+0.01

Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the weakest relationship between the two variables being measured is a. +0.95. b. -0.69. c. +0.01. d. -4.50.

the fact that experiments often can't be done for practical or ethical reasons

One of the disadvantages of the experimental method is a. the inability to generate cause-and-effect conclusions. b. the length of time necessary to complete the study. c. the fact that only one variable can be studied at a time. d. the fact that experiments often can't be done for practical or ethical reasons.

Deception has been fairly common in psychological research since the 1960s

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? a. Deception has never been used in psychological research. b. Although deception has been used in the past, it has recently been banned by the American Psychological Association. c. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of deception in psychological research. d. Deception has been fairly common in psychological research since the 1960s.