gen psych test 2
syntax
Amira came to the US for college. She has near perfect English, but her roommates tease her when she accidentally says, "Did you shower yourself today?" instead of "Did you take a shower?" This is an example of incorrect ________ structure.
retroactive
Amy studied Germain in high school but began studying French once in college. When she meets another German student, she can't seem to find any German words to stay, and instead she only remembers French. This is an example of ________- interferene
two standard deviations below the mean
An IQ score of 70 would be described as
flashbulb memory
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event, such as 9/11, is a
proprioception
Anna is competing on jeopardy. she can accurately judge the distance between her finger and the buzzer and nows just how hard to press because of
common ground
Anna is telling Joy all about Maya's recent engagement. Because they share _____, Anna assumes that joy knows a little about Maya and George and doesn't need to tell about who they are
procedural memory
Arianna was an accomplished gymnast in her youth but hasn't been to the gym for nearly 10 years. Despite this, with some prompting from her old coach, she is able to do almost her entire uneven bar routine. this is an example of
fluid
As people age, they hold on to their accumulated knowledge and memories and tend to increase in emotional intelligence. There is typically a decline, however, in their ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. This is a decline in _____ intelligence.
with the results of the Sumby and Pollack study on the audiovisual advantage
At a football game, your friend from ten rows down yells at you to bring them some of your popcorn. At first, you couldn't understand what they were asking, but once you saw their mouth, you could make the request. This is consistent with the
the crossmodal relationship between auditory speech and visual information
Austin has never met one of his work colleagues, having only interacted online or on the phone. He's still able to pick out his coworker at a conference in a room full of people because of
12 months old
Baby Aiden is born with an ability to learn any and all languages, but will grow up to have a difficult time discriminating between phonemes used in other languages beside his native English at around __________.
instinct
Based on changes in the weather, bears typically hibernate for half the year. This is an example of an innate behavior, known as
availability heuristic
Because Jackie has seen so many documentaries about shark attacks, she is afraid to swim in the ocean. Chris tries to convince her that she's overreacting because more people actually die from bee stings than shark bites. Jackie's belief is an example of the
sensory
Before a memory takes it to long-term memory, it must first pass through ________ and short-term memory.
vestibular
Braden has a pounding headache and is disoriented after riding a twisting roller coaster. What sense was impacted by the ride?
retrograde; anterograde
Bryson remembers nothing before his concussion happened, meaning he has ____ amnesia. If he were unable to learn new things, he would have _____ amnesia
lexicon
Caleb uses the words sofa soda and dinner instead of couch soft drink and supper
a mnemonic device
Caroline met a new friend named Wendy. Wendy was wearing a green shirt, which reminded Caroline of Peter Pan, so Caroline plans to remember Peter Pan when she thinks about her new friend's name. This is an example of
audience design
Cedric tells a new acquaintance that is "from Chicago" but when he learns that this main is also a Chicago native he corrects by listing the specific neighborhood in which he lives. This is called
experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores
Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence test because they
may be more prone to think of time on a vertical and horizontal plane
Chinese speakers
chunking
Cillian can remember a great deal of numbers because he groups them in all sets of 3. he usees the technique of
dysgraphia
Colton is an average middle school student who has a good group of friends and enjoys practicing the drums and playing baseball. Despite this, he struggles with writing and has a hard time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?
analytical
Comparing which cell phone to buy and contrasting the different contracts that come with each purchase is an example of using _______ intelligence
misattribution
Confusing the source of information is called
Ring a bell directly before turning the lights off, twenty times in a row. Then ring the doorbell.
Darkness will naturally cause your pupils to contract, Knowing this, how could you design a classical conditioning experiment forcing the pupils to dilate?
spontaneous recovery
Darnell was the subject for his in class demonstration on classical conditioning. His teacher read through a list of random words, but each time she said the word pizza, she squirted him in the face with a water bottle causing him to flinch. when talking about pizza later outside of class, he didn't flinch, but then 2 days later, his friend from class aid, "hey Darnell pizza" and he flinched with fear. this is an example of
retrograde
Demarcus suffered a concussion in his first lacrosse match, causing him to forget everything that happened prior to the match. He has ________ amnesia
proactive
Derek's email log in forced him to create a new password, but now when he logs on he only remembers his old password this is an example of _____ interference
spatial
Destiny is excellent at working with shapes and models. Her dream job is to design for Lego one day. This exemplifies _____ intelligence
operant conditioning
Doing something and then being influenced by what happens as a consequence of the thing you did is the basic idea behind ______-
absentmindeness
Doug cannot find his keys, but cannot remember where. this is an example of
law of effect
Edward Thorndike's _________ says that behaviors that are followed by consequences that are satisfying to the organism are more likely to be repeated.
explicit
Episodic memories and semantic memories are both examples of _____ memory
musical
Esther has an ear for music and can play songs on the piano she has only heard once before. she has a high ______ intellignece
semantic
Explicit memories include ______ and episodic memory.
proactive
Ezra got a new phone number but keeps giving out his old number this is an example of
cochlea
Fluid found in the part of the ear pictured her stimulate hair cells in the organ of Corti.
relearning
Gabe was essentially fluent in French in elementary school when he lived in Canada, but then moved away until he got a job offer to work in Paris during his 20s. He picks it up again surprisingly fast. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.
operant conditioning
Gillians kids struggle to get out the door in the morning for school, so she Cretes a sitcker chart where they can put on a sticker each time they are ready to go before 7 am. once they fill the chart, they will get a new bunk bed. this is an example of
ingroups and outgroups
Gossip, making up 60-70% of conversations, is argued to be an important part of defining ______ in regulating the social world.
creative
Grant and Reid are 6 year old twins. They want to find a way to get the frisbee off of the room without asking for help, so Grant climbs a tree in order to push down a branch so that Reid can reach it. They wiggle the branch until it snaps, then use the branch with fan of leaves to sweep down the frisbee. Their solution relies on ______ intelligence.
hippocampus
H.M. was unable to form any new semantic memories because of the removal of his _____--
sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing aids are ineffective in treating
variable interval
Henry is observing beetles for his biology project. They return to they nest at unpredictable intervals all day long, so Henry keeps a close watch all day. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
encoding specificity principle
Holly was sitting on her bed when she remembered she needed to call her mom about what to do for her grandma's birthday. She got up and did a few dishes before calling her mom, but then she forgot why she had needed to call. She retraced her steps back to her bed, then suddenly remembered the purpose of the call. This can be explained by the _______
determine how long it takes someone to master a complex yoga move by looking at someone else
How could you design an experiment around the social learning theory?
participants putted better when they perceived the hole as larger
How did the perceived hole size affect the putting performance of participants?
It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain
How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?
The individual already has a concept for casual dining restaurants and can apply this concept to Starbucks.
How does someone who has never been to a Starbucks before know how to oder and pay at the counter and then wait for their food to be ready?
availability heurisitc
Hwan is extremely afraid of flying but is looking forward to a Spring Break trip to the coast with his friends. He decides that driving would be safer, so he convinces his roommate to cancel his flight to join him in the car. He is making the decision based on an
about 2% of the population have
IQs below 70
sound loud
If a sound wave has a high amplitude, it will
the misinformation effect
If co-witnesses of a crime are permitted to talk to each other, they are prone to contaminate each other's memories. this is an example of
unique
If something is original, it is
confirmation bias
If you think baseball is boring and reluctantly agree to join your friend at the ballpark, chances are good you will be ready to go by the 7th inning stretch, even though it has been a high scoring game. this is an example of
mechanoreceptors
If you walk through a busy crowd and feel a few different people bump and push past you as they walk by, which receptors should be activated?
bias
If your memory of the home run you hit in the softball game becomes exaggerated to enhance your own performance, then you have fallen prey to a common memory tendency to distort your memories to fit your feelings about the world
explore what people experience and what parts of the brain are involved in perception
Illusions are valuable to psychologists because they are used to
associate events that repeatedly happen together
In classical conditioning, organisms learn to
useful, and surprising
In order for something to be classified as creative, it should be original
attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
In the modeling process, you learn by watching someone else. Sophie learns by watching her older brother get in trouble for staying out too late that she should also not stay out late. Sophie learned this by following the steps of the modeling process, which are
anterograde
In the movie "50 first dates," the main character wakes up each day not remembering the day before or having met her new boyfriend. She suffers from __________ amnesia.
the loud sound
In the study with Little Albert, he was conditioned to fear a rabbit because it was paired with a frightening loud sound. In this example, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
algorithms
Internet search engines use _____ to show the appropriate results.
established the principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs
Ivan pavlov
shaping
Jackie wants her dog to bring her the man each day after its dripped off in the mail
Jake and Jack
Jake and Jack are identical twins, but Jake was born almost 15 mins before Jack. They also have 2 sister, Deondra and Daphne, who are 3 years and 6 years younger than them. Who is most likely to have the same IQ score?
heuristics
Jamie doesn't have much time before her class, and she still needs to find a ride to the airport, print off her assignment, and text her manager about changing her shift. Her best strategy for solving these problems will be used to
acoustic
Jane writes a song to help her remember all of her terms for anatomy class. She is utilizing _____ encoding
positive reinforcement
Janelle gets a dollar from her mom every time she learns a song on the piano. This increases her desire to practice the piano and is an example of
misinformation effect paradigm
Janet was involved in a car accident when traveling with her mom at age 7. She remembers asking her mom a question, causing her mom to look backwards and hit the car in front of them. While talking about it with her mom, she says that it was, in fact, her brother who asked the question, but he had always blamed it on Janet. This is an example of the
shaping
Jarren wants his dog to play dead when he says "bang bang" so he begins by giving him a treat each time that he crouches down after giving the command. Eventually he'll get him to roll over and then lay on his back with his legs outstretched. This is an example of
retroactive
Jason studies Spanish for 3 years and then switches to Pashto. when asked to remember Spanish vocal, he cant instead he only remember Pashto vocab. this is an example of ____- interference
common ground
Jaxon sat down next to Harvey on the bus and immediately asked, "Did you see Harper's stats last night?" Because they share _______, Jaxon didn't need to explain that he was talking about the baseball game
how perception affects performance
Jessica Witt's study tested
how the perception of the size of a golf hole affects golfing performance
Jessica Witt's study tested
logical-mathematical
Jonas loves working as a TA for his physics professor and especially loves the excitement involved in solving problems. This exemplifies ____ intelligence
acquisition
Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that _____ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.
lexicon
Kyle from Mississippi asks Brandon from Boston if he wants a "coke," and Brandon says, "no thanks, i'll have a sprite instead," even though Sprite cans were the only drinks Kyle had to offer. Brandon didn't understand that Kyle refers to all sodas and soft drinks and cokes. This is due to differences in
sensation
Kyle sees a flashing light in the distance. This is an example of
fluid
Learning how to operate new program on your computer would require ____ intelligence
latent learning
Learning that does not reveal itself until it is needed is called ________.
functional fixedness
Leini is working on building a bookshelf in her backyard when she gets a terrible itch on her back. She gripes about not being able to reach it, and goes inside to look for a back scratcher or kitchen spoon. She could have just used the hammer she was holding in her hand, but she didn't think of that. This is an example of
high
Lewis Turmin did research on those with ______ IQs and found them to be well-adjusted adults
dim
Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as
misattribution
London remembers a time when she was young when she got lost in a store and couldn't find her mom. When talking to her family about it, they corrected her memory and said that it was actually her sister who was lost, and that she had just been present. Over time, the source of her original memory became confused. This is an example of
explicit memories
Long term memories you have to consciously think about are
confirmation bias
Looking for evidence to back up the way you already feel about something is an example of
divergent thinking
Madison needs to wrap a present but doesn't have any wrapping paper. she quickly searches the apartment and finds a brown grocery bag to use instead this is an example of
visual
Malik is memorizing some lines for his school play and struggles with "tut, I have lost myself; I am not here; this is not Romeo, he some other where." to practice, he writes it out emphasizing words with capital letters
motivation-decision model
Mariah is nervous about giving birth to her first baby, but takes a hypnobirthing class and becomes excited about the possibility of having a pain-free birth. The idea that Mariah can control her pain experience is consistent with the
latent learning
Marissa's mom is a hairdresser and Marissa spent countless hours after school just hanging out in the salon, but never learned how to cut or style hair. Later, when Marissa's friend mentions she is looking for someone to do her hair for a wedding, Marissa says she can play with it a bit. Marissa suprises herself by how wonderful the updo looks. This is an example of
peg word
Martha needs 3 eggs from the store, so she thinks of a shoe filled with 3 eggs. This is an exmample the ____ technique
learning
Mary Claire watches her father bake bread every Sunday afternoon. Eventually, she starts to join him in the kitchen and he shows her the ropes of how its done. After years of doing this together, Mary decides she wants to open a bakery. this exemplifies
receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain
Mason has a cochlear implant. He is able to her because the implant __________
attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
Matthias watched his older brother get arrested for selling drugs. He followed the steps of the modeling process to know know that he doesn't want to get involved with selling drugs himself. These steps are:
mnemonic devices
Memory aids that help us organize information for encoding are called
sensory
Memory of brief events, like the smell of French fries you pass on the way to the corner store, are stored in _____ memory
when you approach a problem the same way, even if it is ineffective
Mental sets occur
mechanoreceptors
Merkel's disks and Ruffini corpuscles are examples of
heuristics
Miranda has to make a decision, but has a ton of information and not a lot of time. Which problem solving strategy should she use?
secondary
Money is an example of which type of reinforcer?
fixed interval
Monthly paychecks are an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?
various sensory modalities are integrated
Multi-modal perception is the idea that ___________
fixed ratio
Napolean works at the golf course. In addition to his salary, they told him he can get $10 for every bucket he fills with stray balls he finds scattered throughout the course. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
artificial concept
Officially, insects are a class of invertebrates a three part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. This description is a
olfactory bulb
Olfactory receptor cells pick up odor molecules which get turned into electrical impulses that send messages to the brain via the
interpersonal
Oprah is known for her ability to understand others and help them feel comfortable. What type of intelligence does she have a lot of?
a mnemonic device
PEMDAS is a popular way for math teachers to help their students remember the order of operations. This is an example of
inattentional blindness
Participants in Daniel Simmon's and Chistopher Chabris study were asked to watch people pass a basketball. Because they were focused on doing so, they didn't see a gorilla walk across the screen. This phenomenon is called ________
the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and experienced
Perception is
a behavior is increased because something desirable was gained through engaging in the behavior
Positive Reinforcement refers to a situation where
collectivist
Pronoun drop is more likely to occur in ________ cultures.
individualistic
Pronouns like "I" "me" and "my" are used more often in _______ cultures
explore what people experience, what parts of the brain are involved in perception, and how to alter the illusion
Psychologists use illusions to
decreases; increases
Punishment ______ the likelihood that a behavior will occur while reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behavior.
visual
Raul can remember exactly where on the page in his textbook he saw a picture of a pie chart about the percentages of the US population that say their favorite colors are either red, yellow, green, blue, or purple. This is an example of _____ encoding
reinforcement is any outcome that leads to an increase in a behavior and punishment is an outcome that leads to a decrease in behavior
Reinforcement differs from punishment in that __________
your first day of school
Remembering ______ is a good example of episodic memory
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf
Researchers _________ concluded that language determines thoughts.
shaping
Rewarding successive approximations towards a target behavior is known as
dyslexia
Rihanna has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?
transience
Ronaldo was on the state champion soccer team in high school and has fond memories of his experiences with the team. When his son asks Ronaldo about his old coach and what it was like to play on such a great team, Ronaldo remembers only a couple of things about the season, even though he spent hours everyday with the team. This is an example of _________.
she already has a concept for doctors offices and automatically apples that to the new office
Rylee has moved to a new city and is visiting the doctor for the first time. Even though she's never been before, she goes to the check-in counter first and then waits patiently in the waiting room chairs. She does this because
semantic
Samantha needs to remember a string of numbers, and does so by associating each set of numbers with the jersey numbers worn by her favorite football players. This is an example of ______ encoding.
gossip
2/3rds of typical conversations are about ______-
frog
4 year old Jada is learning about animals. her prototype for amphibians is most likely a
carrot
5 year old Camille is learning about food groups. her prototype for a vegetable is most likely a
large
A bell curve relies on a _____ sample
negative reinforcement
A rat is placed in an environment where the floor gives the rat small electric shocks. The only way to get rid of the shocks is to press a lever in the corner of the box. The rat quickly learns to press the lever. This is an example of
timbre
A sounds purity is called its
subliminal
A stimulus presented below the absolute threshold is called
the whole is different from the sum of its parts
According to Gestalt psychology,
recognize their voice
According to research by Rosenblum, Miller, and Sanchez, watching (but not hearing) a person speak enables you to
memories are processed the same way that a computer processes info
According to the Atkinson-Shriffin model,
to be repeated
According to the law of effect, behaviors that are followed by consequences that are satisfying to the organism are more likely
sees a character on TV get rewarded for being violent towards another character
According to the principles of social learning theory, Claire is likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior if she
cones
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, ______ in the retina are responsive to red, green, and blue.
red, green, and blue
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, cones in the retina are responsive to
learning
Acquiring knowledge and skills through experience is called _________.
Flynn Effect
The _____ shows that each generation tends to have a higher IQ than the last generation.
Atkinson-Shiffrin model
The ______ says that memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information.
optic nerve
The _______ carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
pinna
The arrow is pointing to which part of the ear?
100
The average IQ score is
learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say
The basic idea behind observational learning is that
prototype
The best example of a concept is a
enabled Aron Ralston to be happy about cutting off his arm.
The brain's descending pain modulatory system
Sensory Adaptation
The day Kim is in Nairobi she notices the honking, engine sounds, yelling, and other street noises. By the second day, however, she no longer notices these. Which of the following is the best explanation?
linguistic determinism
The fact that Chinese speakers may be more likely to think about time on a vertical or a horizontal plane is an example of
encoding specificity principle
The fact that Elon can remember more words on his German test while taking the exam inside his classroom (instead of testing center) can be explained by the
there is a genetic component to intelligence
The findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggested that
Alfred Binet
The first intelligence test, aimed to test for children who might struggle in school, was designed by
amplitude
The loudness of a sound is determined by the ____ of sound waves
umami
The meaty, savory taste you find in a steak activates your taste receptors for monosodium glutamate. This taste is described as
pinna
The most visible part of the ear is the
afterimages
The opponent-process theory is supported by
basilar membrane; cochlea
The organ of Corti on the ______ within the ______ changes vibrations into impulses that travel to the auditory nerve.
why children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests
The pervasive daily stress of poverty and resulting impact on brain development may explain
memory
The processes to encode, store, and retrieve information over time is known as
false memory syndrome
The recall of false autobiographical memories is known as
phoneme, morpheme, syntax
The units of language from the smallest unit to the largest are
auditory canal
The vibration of the _______ causes the ossicles to move.
lexicon
The words we use are called
semantic
Thinking about the meaning of a word and categorizing it into the context of other words you already know is an example of _____ encoding
auditory canal
This arrow is pointing to which part of the ear?
tympanic membrane
This arrow is pointing to which part of the ear?
Tyler and Eric have different concepts of spiders
Tyler and Eric agree thats piers have 8 legs, but Tyler thinks spiders are scary and gross, while Eric finds them nice and interesting. What explains the differences between what Tyler thinks and what Eric thinks?
dyslexia
Tyler is learning to read and write but having a difficult time. He sometimes switches up the letters and words in sentences and almost always writes his name backwards. Which learning disability does he have?
primary reinforcers
Water, food, and sleep are examples of
natural concept
Wendy's belief that rabbits are cute, fun, and intelligent animals is an example of a
originality, usefulness, surpruse
What are the 3 criteria that are used to determine whether an idea is creative?
semantic, acoustic, and visual
What are the three types of encoding?
revealed a genetic component to intelligence
What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study
they drew the hole smaller than the actual hole size if surrounded by larger circles
What happened when the participants were asked to draw the size of the hole?
In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness
What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?
some ethnic and socioeconomic groups perform better than others on IQ tests
What is a major problem with intelligence tests mentioned in the text?
phoneme
What is the basic sound unit of a language?
aids in balance and movement
What is the function of this part of the ear?
If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful
What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?
learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
What was the most important takeaway from Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?
unable to form new semantic memories
When H.M. had his hippocampus removed, he was
sensation
When Janet feels the wind blowing on her face, this is an example of _________.
neutral stimulus
When Rosalie falls asleep at a park next to an elementary school, the ringing bell wakes her up. She immediately jumps to her feed and starts to pack up her bag because she has been conditioned to think the ringing bell signifies the end of class and the need to go somewhere else. When Rosalie was little, before every attending school, the sound of a bell was a
transience
When a memory fades over time, it is called
associational
When a person or animal makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together, they are exemplifying ______ learning
extinction
When a previously learned behavior disappears because the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus, we call it
be intentionally vague and provide opportunities for the victim to offer information
When questioning a victim about the perpetrator of a crime, the police should
amygdala
When rats had their ______ removed, they no longer experienced their fear memory/
smaller
When surrounded by larger circles, a center circle will appear _____ than if surrounded by smaller circles
they can be blocked by the brain's descending pain modulatory system
When the brain receives nociceptive signals from the body,
misattribution
When the source of a memory is confused, like you think the storyline of a TV show you watched actually happened to you in real life, it is called
peg word
When trying to remember a list of words, a person may choose a word to which they "hang" their memories on. This type of mnemonic device is called the ________ technique.
unconditioned stimulus
Which component of a classically conditioned behavior automatically elicits a reaction? For example, dimming the lights will cause the eyes to dilate
pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea, auditory nerve
Which correctly describes the process of hearing?
Gestalt
Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of similarity, and proximity?
levels of processing theory
Which idea says that if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information?
buckling your seatbelt to remove the "beep, beep, beep" sound in your car
Which is an example of negative reinforcement?
giving yourself one piece of candy after you complete one math problem
Which is an example of operant conditioning?
pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea, auditory nerve
Which is the correct sequence that describes how sound reaches the brain?
heuristics
Which is the faster technique for solving a problem?
the size of the holes projected around the golf hole.
Which is the independent variable in Jessica Witt's study?
Sapir and Whorf
Which linguist proposed that the thoughts that an individual has are determined by the language that he or she uses
Participants are asked to come up with a word that is related to three seemingly unrelated words.
Which of the following is a description of the Remote Associates Test (RAT)?
Nikita taking her dog to the vet once a year
Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?
checking your Facebook account at random times throughout the day
Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?
phoneme, morpheme, syntax
Which of the following sequences demonstrates the correct order of the components of language from the smallest component to the broadest?
Eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?
semicircular canal
Which part of the ear is most involved in motion and balance?
the vestibular sense
Which sense pertains to balance?
proprioception
Which sense pertains to body movement and awareness?
recognition
Which type of memory is test on a multiple choice test?
primary
Which type of reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities that are not learned?
Weber's law
While you may not notice the change in the music's volume while at a party, you would definitely notice the change if you were trying to study in a quiet library. This supports the idea that the difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus, also known as
badly and hitch
Who developed the idea that short term memories get filed away in 3 different areas of the brain: a visuo spatial area, a phonological loop, and an episodic buffer for storylines?
variable interval
You are trying to enter a prize drawing at the radio station but the lines are busy. You continue to call every 1-5 minutes hoping to get on the air. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
BF SKINNER
____ is well known for his research on animals and pigeons
latent learning; behaviorsiam
_____ broke the constraints of ____-, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequene of conditioning to stimuli
natural
_____ concepts are the ones we know through experience
Monocular
_____ cues require only one eye
Nociceptors
_____ fire in response to any potential tissue damaging stimuli
proactive; retroactive
_____ interference occurs when old info hinders the recall of newly learned info, while ______ interference happens when info learned more recently hinders the recall of older info
interposition
_____ is an example of a monocular cue
false memory syndrome
_____ is the recall of false autobiographical memories
misattribution
______ is confusing the source of information
David Wechsler
______ revised the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale to include more subfields. These are now many offshoots of his original test, including the popular WAIS
Alfred Binet
______ was asked by the French government to develop an intelligence test to use on children to determine which ones might have difficulty in school.
Algorithms
________ provide step by step instructions for solving a problem or performing a task.
continuous
________ reinforcement is giving a reinforcer every time that a behavior is displayed
IQ above 130
about 2% of the population have
learning disability
anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of ADHD also have some sort of
basilar membrane; cochlea
auditory receptor cells are embedded within the ____, which is found in the _____
chemical sesnse
because taste and smell have sensory receptors that respond to molecules, they are considered
something someone is born with
congenital deafness is
higher correlation
identical twins raised together and identical twins raised apart exhibit _____ between their IQ scores than siblings or fraternal twins raised together.
you are more likely to hear what he is saying
if you are in a crowded room at a noisy party having an interesting conversation with a new acquaintance, studies show that if you are looking at him while talking
memorize 5 states at a time--group the info into a more manageable size
if you need to remember the names of all 50 states, the most recommended technique would be for you to
the mcgurk effect
if your eyes see someone saying ball but the word you hear is doll, the struggle to make sense of that info in your brain is called
acquisition
in order for____ to occur, it is best if the interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is small
salivation; salivation
in pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response is ____ and the conditioned response is _____-
latent learning
jimmy rides home from karate practice with his friend and his friends mom each Tuesday night. one night, his friends mom can't come and he needs to get a ride from someone else. He's never driven the route before, but he is able to explain exactly where to turn to get home. this is an example of
with average to above average intelligence
learning disabilities often affect children
David wechsler
most modern intelligence tests, such as the newly developed WISC-V are based off of work done by
a behavior decreased because something desirable was eliminated through engaging in the behavior
negative punishment refers to a situation where
neuropathic pain
pain that results from damage to neurons of the peripheral or central nervous system is called ______
frequency
pitch is determined by the _____ of sound waves
frequency
pitch is determined by the _____ sound waves
your 16th birthday party
remembering ___ is a good example of episodic memory
primary reinforcers
shelter, sex, and touch are examples of
secondary
stickers on a sticker chart are an example of which type of reinforcer
hindsight bias
the "I knew It all along" phenomonen
cochlea
the arrow is pointing to
place
the fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the _____ theory of hearing
multimodal perception
the idea that we perceive the world while utilizing a combination of senses is known as
opponent process theory
the idea the color coded in pairs of black white, yellow blue, and green red is the basic premise of
memory
the process used to encode, store, and retrieve info over time is known as
divergent thinking
thinking outside of the box is considered
following the instructional manural
using algorithms to solve problems can be compared ot
binocular
using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using _____ cues
they all combine with -house to form a word, and are part of a creativity test
what do paint, doll, and cat all have in common?
the size of the circle drawn by the participant and the number of successful putts.
what is the dependent variable in Jessica Witt's study?
the distance from one wave peak to the next
what is wavelength
misinformation effect paradigm
when Benito was 5 he cut his leg on some glass and needed stitches. years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. now when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him this is an example of
classical conditioning
when Justin's dog hears the sound of a car door slam outside, she excitedly runs to the door and barks. this is an example of
sensory adaptation
when Martha visits her aunt and uncles house, the smell of fish is overwhelming but after an hour, she doesn't even notice its there. what explains this
motivation-decision model
when brad got into a minor car accident, he hopped right out of the car to Asse the damage. He didn't notice until later that night that he had a pretty serious cut on his leg. the fact that he didn't notice is consistent with
peripheral or central nervous system
when pain signal gets exaggerated, it is because of damage to the
larger
when surrounded by smaller circles, a center circle with appear _____ than if surrounded by larger circles
being told "nice work" after completing your homeowrk
which is an example of a positive reinforcer?
being afraid of thunder and lightning because the last 2 times you were in a thunderstorm, there were also tornados
which is an example of classical conditioning
the size of the holes projected around the golf hole
which is the independent variable of Jessica Witt's study?
a newborn baby knowing how to nurse
which of the following is an example of a reflex
getting 5 bucks from your parents every time you learn 3 new songs on the violin
which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
when a rabbit goes to the bathroom in the litter box, she gets a piece of carrot
which of the following is an example of operant condition
practical
which type of intelligence is sometimes called street smarts
syntax
while traveling to Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people "excuse me, can you please the time tell me?" even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, gunther's incorrect use of ______ threatens his attempts at communicating
umami
you are trying to describe the taste of a cheeseburger to your vegeteraina friend. a good descriptor would be
you subliminally processed the image
you walk by the same billboard on the way to school each day, but have never actually looked at it. but later you can identify it
automatic processing
zehara asks Blake how many times he ate pizza in the last week, and he is quickly able to respond with "twice." this is an example of
instincts
Sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mothers' pouch immediately after birth are examples of
reward his dog when the dog looks at the light switch, when she touches the lightswitch, when she pushes it, and when she turns it on by command
Seans wants to teach his dog to turn on the light. What would be the best way to train his dog, utilizing the idea of shaping? Might he do that using the concept of shaping?
anterograde
Shaquallah suffered a head injury in a soccer game and can remember everything from her past, but can no longer make new memories. What type of amnesia does she have?
audience design
Shine tells the group of people at the table at her workshop that she's from Salt Lake City. A young man replies that he is also from Salt Lake, so he asks Shianne what area she's from. She admits that she is really from Bountiful, which is north of SLC. The fact that she gives the additional information is an example of
taste aversion
Sierra and her family are on vacation at the beach. They eat lasagna for dinner and then head out to the waves. Sierra tries boogie boarding and ends up swallowing a mouthful of salt water, which makes her sick to her stomach. The next time someone offers her lasagna, the thought of it makes her feel sick. This is an example of
closure
Sierra turns off her car right before the last line of chorus of the popular song. Moments later while inside the store, she finds herself singing the last line. This exemplifies the Gestalt principle of
olfaction
Smelling the lingering scent of the fish you reheated in the microwave is an example of
emotional
Someone who understands their own emotions, shows empathy, and understands social relationships and cues would have high __________ intelligence.
behaviorism; latent learning
Strict followers of ____ believed that cognition did not have a role to play in learning, but _____ says otherwise.
students were more likely to report that there was broken glass involved in the accident
Students were asked about the speed of cars involved in an accident. When the verb was changed from contacted to smash,
can mildly influence behavior
Subliminal messaging
nausea
Susan is undergoing chemo, which makes her feel nauseous. Now she feels nauseous the moment she walks into the doctor's office. What is the unconditioned response in this situation?
watching a movie
Sven eats popcorn every time he goes to the movies. He goes to a new theatre with no concessions and finds that his mouth is watering for popcorn the entire time. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?
Tammy and Sarah have different concepts of dogs.
Tammy and sara both agree that dogs typically have 4 legs, a tail, and fur. Tammy thinks that dogs also tend to bite small children while Sara thinks they tend to be friendly. What explains the differences between what Tammy thinks and what Sara thinks?
having a low probability, unique
define originality
bodily kinesthetic
demarco was good at every sport growing up, but decided to focus on just baseball and the discus once he got to college. What area of intellegence does he exemplify?
top-down processing
did you read the second "the" in the sentence in the image? this is an example of
un
example of morpheme