General Math 2

Composite Numbers

Composite numbers are numbers that have more than two factors. For example, 8 is a composite number because its factors include 1,2,4 and 8

Polygon

a closed plane figure with three or more sides

Polynomial

a combination of two or more monomials. For example, 8x+x-5 is a polynomial

Plane

a flat surface with length and width

Quadrilateral

a four-sided polygon

Inequality

a mathematical expression comparing two values with a greater than (>) or less than (<) sign

Constant

a number by itself without a variable. For example, 5, 9. and 17 are constants

Pi

a number used to find the circumference of any circle, usually rounded to 3.14 or 22/7

Negative Number

a number with a value less than zero

Monomial

a number, a variable, or a number and a variable multiplied together. For example: 3, abc, 6k, -3xy

Octagon

a polygon with eight sides

Pentagon

a polygon with five sides

Quadrilateral

a polygon with four sides

Nonagon

a polygon with nine sides

Heptagon

a polygon with seven sides

Regular Polygon

a polygon with sides that are all the same length

Hexagon

a polygon with six sides

Decagon

a polygon with ten sides

Equilateral Triangle

a polygon with three equal-length sides

Triangle

a polygon with three sides

Point

a position in space

square

a regular quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles

Ray

a section of a line that begins at one point and continues infinitely in one direction

Circle

a set of points equally distant from a center point

Line

a set of points that exist on a straight path

Diameter

a straight line going from one point on a circle to another that also includes the center point

Variable

a variable is a missing number that is represented by a letter of the alphabet. Any letter may be used

Brackets [ ] or Braces { }

additions to the parentheses that mark order of operations; for example, {[(3+2)-4]+6}=?; always solve the operations in parentheses first, the the operations in brackets, and finally the operations in braces. You always start at the innermost set and work your way out

Signed Numbers

all negative and positive numbers

Prime Factors

all the prime numbers that, when multiplied together, produce that number

Straight Angle

an angle that has a measurement of 180 degrees

Right Angle

an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees

Acute Angle

an angle that measures less than 90 degrees

Obtuse Angle

an angle with a measurement greater than 90 degrees

Equation

an equation is defined as a mathematical statement that includes the equal sign (=)

Protractor

an instrument used to measure the degrees of an angle

Variable

an unknown number, usually represented by a letter

Adjacent Angles

angles which share a vertex and a common line. For example, in a plus-sign shape (+), the spaces in the top right and top left make adjacent angles

Positive Number

any number with a value greater than zero

Integer

any positive or negative whole number, and also zero

Integer

any positive or negative whole number, including zero

Factor

any whole number that can be divided into a given number without leaving a remainder

Addition

combining the values of two or more numbers to get their total value. In mathematics, the plus sign (+) is used to show addition

Multiplication

combining two numbers by adding one value to itself a number or times equal to the other number. For example, 6x8 is the same as 6+6+6+6+6+6+6+6. To show multiplication, the times sign (x), or an asterisk (*), or a dot is used

Simplifying the Expression

combining two or more like monomials

Volume

how much space a solid shape takes up. For example, a cube with 3-inch sides has a volume of 27 cubic inches

True Equation

in a true equation, the numbers to the left of the equal sign are equal to the numbers to the right of the equal sign

Exponent

indicates how many times to multiply the base by itself (also called a power)

Power of a Number

indicates how many times to multiply the number by itself (also called an exponent)

Like Terms

monomials that have the same variable, or group of variables. For example, 5t and -6t (t is the common variable)

Similar

monomials with the same variable or group of variables (the same as like)

Square

multiply a number by itself once (2*2)

Cube

multiply a number by itself twice (2*2*2)

Subtraction

one number is taken away from another to find a difference. To show subtraction, the minus sign (-) is used

Parentheses ()

operations inside the parentheses should be performed first. IF a problem contains more than one set or parentheses, solve the operations from left to right

Perfect Squares

perfect squares is when square roots are whole numbers

Isolate the Variable

performing operations that get a specific variable on one side of an equation or inequality

Integers

positive or negative whole numbers

Prime Numbers

prime numbers are defined as numbered that have only two factors, 1 and the number itself

Scientific Notation

scientific notation is a method of abbreviating large numbers by writing the number as a simple multiplication problem

Division

separating one number into smaller, equal numbers; to shoe division the division sign or a division bar(/) is used

Geometry

the branch of mathematics that includes the study of points, lines, surfaces, and solids

Circumference

the distance around the outside of a circle

Perimeter

the distance around the outside of a specific area or shape

Radius

the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the outside edge of the circle

Inverse Operations

the mathematical statements 3+4=7 and 7-4=3 are called inverse equations, because each statement is the opposite of the other. For example, since 24/8=3, we know that 8*3=24

Subtrahend

the number being subtracted; for example. in the statement 6-4=2, 4 is called the subtrahend

Coefficient

the number in front of a variable; it's the number that the variable will be multiplied by. For example. in the monomial 3k, 3 is the coefficient

Divisor

the number of parts into which you're splitting the dividend; in the division statement 21/3=7, 3 is the divisor

Multiplier

the number of times you add the multiplicand to itself; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 7 is the multiplier

Base

the number that's to be multiplied by itself in an exponential expression

Multiplicand

the number you are adding to itself; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 3 is the multiplicand

Dividend

the number you're splitting into parts; the division statement 21/3=7, 21 is the dividend

Minuend

the number you're taking away from; for example, in the statement 6-4=2, 6 is called the minuend

Addends

the numbers that are being added together; in the equation 5+3=8. the 5 and the 3 are the addends

Vertex

the point where the two sides of an angle meet

Multiple

the product formed by a given number and another number; for example, 24 is a multiple of 2, 4, and 6, and 12

Reciprocal

the reciprocal of a whole number is equal to 1 divided by the number. Whenever you multiply a whole number by its reciprocal, you get 1

Sum or Total

the result of addition; in the statement 5+3=8, the 8 is called the sum or the total

Quotient

the result of dividing; in the division statement 21/3=7, 7 is the quotient

Product

the result of multiplication; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 21 is the product

Opposite Number

the same number with the opposite sign. For example, 8 is the opposite of -8

Segment

the section of a line between tow specific points

Angle

the space between two intersected lines, rays, or planes

Radical Sign

the square root of a number is usually written by placing the radical sign in front of the number (square root sign)

Square Root

the square root of a number produces that number when squared

Degree

the unit used the measure angles

Missing Number

this means you may nded to find a missing addend, a missing minuend or subtrahend, a missing multiplicand or multiplier, or a missing dividend or divisor

Supplementary Angles

two angles for which the sum of their measures is 180 degrees

Perpendicular Lines

two lines that form a 90 degree angle where they intersect

Complementary Angles

two or more angles for which sum of their measures is 90 degrees

Equation

two or more expressions compared with an equal sign. In order to be true, the value of the expressions on each side must be the same. For example, 3+5=8

Parallel Lines

two or more lines extend infinitely the same direction, but never intersect; shown using the symbol (II)

Factor Pairs

two specific numbers that can be multiplied together to produce a given multiple. You can use the rules of divisibility to help you find factor pairs for a given number

Remainder

when division is uneven, you're left with a remainder, or a number that is smaller than, and therefore indivisible by, the divisor

Balancing the Equation

when solving an equation, whatever is done to one side of the equals sig must also be done to the other side- this is called balancing the equation

Vertical Angles

where two lines intersect, the angles opposite each other, in a plus sign figure (+), the top right and bottom left spaces are vertical angles

Positive Integers

whole numbers greater than zero, such as 3, 17, or 461

Negative Numbers

whole numbers that are less than zero, such as -7, -23, or -624

Origin

zero, a value that has no opposite