General Math 2
Composite Numbers
Composite numbers are numbers that have more than two factors. For example, 8 is a composite number because its factors include 1,2,4 and 8
Polygon
a closed plane figure with three or more sides
Polynomial
a combination of two or more monomials. For example, 8x+x-5 is a polynomial
Plane
a flat surface with length and width
Quadrilateral
a four-sided polygon
Inequality
a mathematical expression comparing two values with a greater than (>) or less than (<) sign
Constant
a number by itself without a variable. For example, 5, 9. and 17 are constants
Pi
a number used to find the circumference of any circle, usually rounded to 3.14 or 22/7
Negative Number
a number with a value less than zero
Monomial
a number, a variable, or a number and a variable multiplied together. For example: 3, abc, 6k, -3xy
Octagon
a polygon with eight sides
Pentagon
a polygon with five sides
Quadrilateral
a polygon with four sides
Nonagon
a polygon with nine sides
Heptagon
a polygon with seven sides
Regular Polygon
a polygon with sides that are all the same length
Hexagon
a polygon with six sides
Decagon
a polygon with ten sides
Equilateral Triangle
a polygon with three equal-length sides
Triangle
a polygon with three sides
Point
a position in space
square
a regular quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles
Ray
a section of a line that begins at one point and continues infinitely in one direction
Circle
a set of points equally distant from a center point
Line
a set of points that exist on a straight path
Diameter
a straight line going from one point on a circle to another that also includes the center point
Variable
a variable is a missing number that is represented by a letter of the alphabet. Any letter may be used
Brackets [ ] or Braces { }
additions to the parentheses that mark order of operations; for example, {[(3+2)-4]+6}=?; always solve the operations in parentheses first, the the operations in brackets, and finally the operations in braces. You always start at the innermost set and work your way out
Signed Numbers
all negative and positive numbers
Prime Factors
all the prime numbers that, when multiplied together, produce that number
Straight Angle
an angle that has a measurement of 180 degrees
Right Angle
an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
Acute Angle
an angle that measures less than 90 degrees
Obtuse Angle
an angle with a measurement greater than 90 degrees
Equation
an equation is defined as a mathematical statement that includes the equal sign (=)
Protractor
an instrument used to measure the degrees of an angle
Variable
an unknown number, usually represented by a letter
Adjacent Angles
angles which share a vertex and a common line. For example, in a plus-sign shape (+), the spaces in the top right and top left make adjacent angles
Positive Number
any number with a value greater than zero
Integer
any positive or negative whole number, and also zero
Integer
any positive or negative whole number, including zero
Factor
any whole number that can be divided into a given number without leaving a remainder
Addition
combining the values of two or more numbers to get their total value. In mathematics, the plus sign (+) is used to show addition
Multiplication
combining two numbers by adding one value to itself a number or times equal to the other number. For example, 6x8 is the same as 6+6+6+6+6+6+6+6. To show multiplication, the times sign (x), or an asterisk (*), or a dot is used
Simplifying the Expression
combining two or more like monomials
Volume
how much space a solid shape takes up. For example, a cube with 3-inch sides has a volume of 27 cubic inches
True Equation
in a true equation, the numbers to the left of the equal sign are equal to the numbers to the right of the equal sign
Exponent
indicates how many times to multiply the base by itself (also called a power)
Power of a Number
indicates how many times to multiply the number by itself (also called an exponent)
Like Terms
monomials that have the same variable, or group of variables. For example, 5t and -6t (t is the common variable)
Similar
monomials with the same variable or group of variables (the same as like)
Square
multiply a number by itself once (2*2)
Cube
multiply a number by itself twice (2*2*2)
Subtraction
one number is taken away from another to find a difference. To show subtraction, the minus sign (-) is used
Parentheses ()
operations inside the parentheses should be performed first. IF a problem contains more than one set or parentheses, solve the operations from left to right
Perfect Squares
perfect squares is when square roots are whole numbers
Isolate the Variable
performing operations that get a specific variable on one side of an equation or inequality
Integers
positive or negative whole numbers
Prime Numbers
prime numbers are defined as numbered that have only two factors, 1 and the number itself
Scientific Notation
scientific notation is a method of abbreviating large numbers by writing the number as a simple multiplication problem
Division
separating one number into smaller, equal numbers; to shoe division the division sign or a division bar(/) is used
Geometry
the branch of mathematics that includes the study of points, lines, surfaces, and solids
Circumference
the distance around the outside of a circle
Perimeter
the distance around the outside of a specific area or shape
Radius
the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the outside edge of the circle
Inverse Operations
the mathematical statements 3+4=7 and 7-4=3 are called inverse equations, because each statement is the opposite of the other. For example, since 24/8=3, we know that 8*3=24
Subtrahend
the number being subtracted; for example. in the statement 6-4=2, 4 is called the subtrahend
Coefficient
the number in front of a variable; it's the number that the variable will be multiplied by. For example. in the monomial 3k, 3 is the coefficient
Divisor
the number of parts into which you're splitting the dividend; in the division statement 21/3=7, 3 is the divisor
Multiplier
the number of times you add the multiplicand to itself; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 7 is the multiplier
Base
the number that's to be multiplied by itself in an exponential expression
Multiplicand
the number you are adding to itself; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 3 is the multiplicand
Dividend
the number you're splitting into parts; the division statement 21/3=7, 21 is the dividend
Minuend
the number you're taking away from; for example, in the statement 6-4=2, 6 is called the minuend
Addends
the numbers that are being added together; in the equation 5+3=8. the 5 and the 3 are the addends
Vertex
the point where the two sides of an angle meet
Multiple
the product formed by a given number and another number; for example, 24 is a multiple of 2, 4, and 6, and 12
Reciprocal
the reciprocal of a whole number is equal to 1 divided by the number. Whenever you multiply a whole number by its reciprocal, you get 1
Sum or Total
the result of addition; in the statement 5+3=8, the 8 is called the sum or the total
Quotient
the result of dividing; in the division statement 21/3=7, 7 is the quotient
Product
the result of multiplication; in the multiplication statement 3x7=21, 21 is the product
Opposite Number
the same number with the opposite sign. For example, 8 is the opposite of -8
Segment
the section of a line between tow specific points
Angle
the space between two intersected lines, rays, or planes
Radical Sign
the square root of a number is usually written by placing the radical sign in front of the number (square root sign)
Square Root
the square root of a number produces that number when squared
Degree
the unit used the measure angles
Missing Number
this means you may nded to find a missing addend, a missing minuend or subtrahend, a missing multiplicand or multiplier, or a missing dividend or divisor
Supplementary Angles
two angles for which the sum of their measures is 180 degrees
Perpendicular Lines
two lines that form a 90 degree angle where they intersect
Complementary Angles
two or more angles for which sum of their measures is 90 degrees
Equation
two or more expressions compared with an equal sign. In order to be true, the value of the expressions on each side must be the same. For example, 3+5=8
Parallel Lines
two or more lines extend infinitely the same direction, but never intersect; shown using the symbol (II)
Factor Pairs
two specific numbers that can be multiplied together to produce a given multiple. You can use the rules of divisibility to help you find factor pairs for a given number
Remainder
when division is uneven, you're left with a remainder, or a number that is smaller than, and therefore indivisible by, the divisor
Balancing the Equation
when solving an equation, whatever is done to one side of the equals sig must also be done to the other side- this is called balancing the equation
Vertical Angles
where two lines intersect, the angles opposite each other, in a plus sign figure (+), the top right and bottom left spaces are vertical angles
Positive Integers
whole numbers greater than zero, such as 3, 17, or 461
Negative Numbers
whole numbers that are less than zero, such as -7, -23, or -624
Origin
zero, a value that has no opposite
